Evaluation of Electric Vehicles as an Alternative for Work Trip and ...

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List of Tables Table 1 Three different lead acid batteries in a subcompact xi Page electric car 7 Table 2 Findings for three different lead acid batteries in a subcompact electric car 32 List of Photographs PHOTO 1 1995 Subcompact Electric Vehicle is retrofitted Page General Motors Geo Metro 4-door Sedan 8 List of Appendices Page Appendix A. Information about the Energy Policy Act of 1992 A-1 Appendix B. Internet Web Site for the Electric Commuter Vehicle Evaluation in Connecticut, 1996 – 1998 B-1 Appendix C. Evaluation of an Electric Car by an Independent Auto Testing Facility, March 1996 C-1
Background Evaluation of Electric Vehicles as an Alternative For Work-trip and Limited Business Commutes The Department of Administrative Services is responsible for the state central fleet. It is comprised of approximately 4,087 vehicles, which are primarily automobiles and light trucks. Vehicles are assigned to each state agency. This fleet includes 550 emergency vehicles, and most of these are full-size cars assigned to the Department of Public Safety. The Department of Transportation is assigned 265 vehicles, as follows: 133 subcompact cars with air conditioning (w/AC); 84 compact cars and ½ ton pickups w/AC; 12 intermediate cars and compact wagons w/AC; 13 cargo vans, intermediate wagons and full-size cars w/AC; four (4) full-size wagons and crew-cab pickups w/AC; and, 19 carryalls w/AC. In addition to the 265 lights trucks and cars from the state fleet, the Department of Transportation owns and operates 1,971 additional vehicles, including: 481 buses; 724 dump trucks; 291 pickups; 238 specialty vehicles; 167 vans; 65 sport utility vehicles (SUVs) and Suburbans; and, seven (7) cars (independent of the state fleet). To comply with the regulations resulting from the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1992 (EPACT), the Connecticut State fleet manager has begun purchasing non-emergency automobiles (cars) and light trucks that run on alternate fuels (Alt-Fuel), which are fuels other than gasoline or diesel (See Appendix A). In 1998, to meet the 15% requirement of EPACT, 70 dual-fuel compressed natural gas/gasoline four- door subcompact sedans were purchased. EPACT requires 25% of new vehicles purchased for the State fleet in 1999 to operate on an alternate fuel, 50% in 2000, and 75% in 2001 and thereafter. 1
Page 1 and 2: Evaluation of Electric Vehicles as
Page 3 and 4: Executive Summary This research pre
Page 5 and 6: Disclaimer The contents of this rep
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements (continued) The au
Page 9 and 10: Table of Contents viii Page Title P
Page 11: List of Figures (continued) FIGURE
Page 15 and 16: eyond 60 mpd. In the 30-59 mpd grou
Page 17 and 18: annual weeklong event in the Northe
Page 19 and 20: 80 mile range EV (CT Reg. #EV-1) po
Page 21 and 22: The 1995 EVs in our project all had
Page 23 and 24: demonstration-project requirements,
Page 25 and 26: Distance (miles) 50 45 40 35 30 25
Page 27 and 28: The graph was produced by the batte
Page 29 and 30: 95 Ah ALAB delivered 79 cycles duri
Page 31 and 32: the state-of-art ALAB car. All of t
Page 33 and 34: Distance (miles) 120 100 80 60 40 2
Page 35 and 36: the pack; followed by 4-4.5 hours u
Page 37 and 38: is 65 mph. One 1.4-mile stretch has
Page 39 and 40: within the 70 percent DOD limit. We
Page 41 and 42: eplacement battery registers 1.8 V/
Page 43 and 44: this car/battery configuration with
Page 45 and 46: In table 2 we are reporting the sin
Page 47 and 48: Rideshare provided data from both t
Page 49 and 50: 50 Ah CSLAB-powered Electric Subcom
Page 51 and 52: The project successfully assembled
Page 53 and 54: References 1. Berg, Mark R., “The
Page 55 and 56: Electric Commuter Vehicle Evaluatio
Page 57 and 58: 1996 ATdS Daily Recordof Performanc
Page 59 and 60: 1996 ATdS Range Day: 141-mile drive
Page 61 and 62: 1996 Post ATdS Performance Battery
Page 63 and 64:
1996 Analysis of ALAB Failure Elect
Page 65 and 66:
ALAB Car Photos in 1996 & 1997 Elec
Page 67 and 68:
1997 ATdS Results & Data Electric C
Page 69 and 70:
1997 ATdS Results & Data Discharge
Page 71 and 72:
1997 ATdS Results & Data Friday Dis
Page 73 and 74:
Grade-clinbing Limits of ALAB Car C
Page 75 and 76:
Preparations for 1997 American Tour
Page 77 and 78:
1997 PostATdS the Goodyear Aqua tre
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
1998 ATdS Results & Data Data for c
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
1998 PostATdS ● ● ● 18, and 1
Page 89 and 90:
ALAB Car Evaluation Completed ●
Page 91 and 92:
VEHICLE WEIGHT IATF personnel weigh
Page 93 and 94:
The 1.6 km (1 mile) urban circuit p
Page 95:
energy management system to work pr
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