Evaluation of Electric Vehicles as an Alternative for Work Trip and ...

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Acknowledgements The author wishes to acknowledge the support of both the Federal Highway Administration and The Rideshare Company, which provided the electric vehicles for this project. The author also wishes to acknowledge several individuals. In the Bureau of Public Transportation the author recognizes the involvement of Bureau Head Harry P. Harris, Manager Michael A. Sanders, James H. Boice and Dennis A. Jolly. Their efforts and continuing support of research in alternative-fuel technologies for transportation deserve recognition. Mr. Jon Colman, President of The Rideshare Co., and Mr. David Fabricatore, the Rideshare manager responsible for the five electric vehicles (EVs), were excellent partners in this research project. Dave teamed with me each year to participate in the annual weeklong American Tour del Sol (ATdS) road rally for EVs. Without Dave’s active involvement and support, this study would simply not have been possible. Mr. John Hudson of our Research Division (now retired) was the third team member for the 1996 and 1998 ATdS. John handled logistics and drove the support van, which allowed Dave and I to concentrate on the rally. Ms. Sheilah Pierce of the Northeast Sustainable Energy Association volunteered to drive our support van for the 1997 ATdS when Mr. Hudson was unexpectedly unable to make the trip. Messrs. Gus Sfakianos and Joe Ambrosio of Neocon Technologies provided technical support and services throughout the study that were indispensable. My understanding of the problems we experienced with the Advanced Lead Acid Battery (ALAB) is largely due to the analysis of our battery-management-system data by Gus and Joe and their expertise in batteries, chargers, battery management systems and electric vehicles. Mr. Bjorn Mentzer of Mentzer Electronics provided one-on-one training for the author and Mr. Fabricatore in 1996 just before the start of the American Tour del Sol. Mr. Mentzer showed how to utilize data from the Mentzer battery management system as feedback on how efficiently the car is being driven, how much energy is left, and how to draw out the most energy without damaging the battery pack. In our ATdS category – “Production EV with Lead Acid Battery”, we set a record for distance driven on a single charge later that week and every year thereafter for four consecutive ATdS events. Messrs. James Worden and Andrew Heafitz of Solectria Corp., the EV manufacturer, taught efficient driving techniques on three occasions in 1995 (at the Rideshare Co.), 1996 (at ATdS), and 1997 (at ATdS). Their instructions and handouts were invaluable to our good performances at the ATdS. Also, the efficient-driving skills they taught were valuable in daily driving because all four ALAB packs suffered capacity loses (lost driving-range) during their respective evaluation periods, yet we always, with one exception, made it to our destination. vi
Acknowledgements (continued) The author wishes to acknowledge the following individuals that participated in a technical review of this report: Dennis Jolly, Engineer, Bureau of Public Transportation, Connecticut Department of Transportation Philip Moberg, Planner, Bureau of Policy and Planning, Connecticut Department of Transportation Tony Ascrizzi, New England Electric Automobile Association, President Bill Glickman, Engineer and EV owner, Glastonbury, Connecitcut David Fabricatore, The Connecticut Rideshare Company Steven Dygus, Director of State Fleet Operations, Connecticut Department of Administrative Services Karl Thidemann, Solectria Corporation Phani Raj, Technology & Management Systems, Inc. Gus Sfakianos, Neocon Technologies, Inc. David Burns, David Burns, Inc. Kit Foster, Consulting Engineer, Gales Ferry, Connecticut iv a
Page 1 and 2: Evaluation of Electric Vehicles as
Page 3 and 4: Executive Summary This research pre
Page 5: Disclaimer The contents of this rep
Page 9 and 10: Table of Contents viii Page Title P
Page 11 and 12: List of Figures (continued) FIGURE
Page 13 and 14: Background Evaluation of Electric V
Page 15 and 16: eyond 60 mpd. In the 30-59 mpd grou
Page 17 and 18: annual weeklong event in the Northe
Page 19 and 20: 80 mile range EV (CT Reg. #EV-1) po
Page 21 and 22: The 1995 EVs in our project all had
Page 23 and 24: demonstration-project requirements,
Page 25 and 26: Distance (miles) 50 45 40 35 30 25
Page 27 and 28: The graph was produced by the batte
Page 29 and 30: 95 Ah ALAB delivered 79 cycles duri
Page 31 and 32: the state-of-art ALAB car. All of t
Page 33 and 34: Distance (miles) 120 100 80 60 40 2
Page 35 and 36: the pack; followed by 4-4.5 hours u
Page 37 and 38: is 65 mph. One 1.4-mile stretch has
Page 39 and 40: within the 70 percent DOD limit. We
Page 41 and 42: eplacement battery registers 1.8 V/
Page 43 and 44: this car/battery configuration with
Page 45 and 46: In table 2 we are reporting the sin
Page 47 and 48: Rideshare provided data from both t
Page 49 and 50: 50 Ah CSLAB-powered Electric Subcom
Page 51 and 52: The project successfully assembled
Page 53 and 54: References 1. Berg, Mark R., “The
Page 55 and 56: Electric Commuter Vehicle Evaluatio
Page 57 and 58:
1996 ATdS Daily Recordof Performanc
Page 59 and 60:
1996 ATdS Range Day: 141-mile drive
Page 61 and 62:
1996 Post ATdS Performance Battery
Page 63 and 64:
1996 Analysis of ALAB Failure Elect
Page 65 and 66:
ALAB Car Photos in 1996 & 1997 Elec
Page 67 and 68:
1997 ATdS Results & Data Electric C
Page 69 and 70:
1997 ATdS Results & Data Discharge
Page 71 and 72:
1997 ATdS Results & Data Friday Dis
Page 73 and 74:
Grade-clinbing Limits of ALAB Car C
Page 75 and 76:
Preparations for 1997 American Tour
Page 77 and 78:
1997 PostATdS the Goodyear Aqua tre
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
1998 ATdS Results & Data Data for c
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
1998 PostATdS ● ● ● 18, and 1
Page 89 and 90:
ALAB Car Evaluation Completed ●
Page 91 and 92:
VEHICLE WEIGHT IATF personnel weigh
Page 93 and 94:
The 1.6 km (1 mile) urban circuit p
Page 95:
energy management system to work pr
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