Evaluation of Electric Vehicles as an Alternative for Work Trip and ...

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Developments after Conclusion of Project In late 1998, members of the CCEVDP suggested the ALAB car be used to test another type of battery and a wintertime fuel-fired heater. Also, there were discussions with a fuel cell manufacturer about a possible evaluation of a preproduction prototype hydrogen fuel cell functioning as a range extender for the EV. A private EV Specialist analyzed several possible fuel-cell/EV combinations in November 1997. In our simplified analysis, the EV operated as a conventional battery/electric car. A small on-board fuel cell was started after sufficient DOD occurred during the drive. Thereafter, the fuel cell was assumed to run continuously, delivering energy to the battery. The results suggested that even a very small fuel cell could supplement battery capacity and double or even quadruple the driving range of the subcompact EV. The Department converted the ALAB car to nickel cadmium batteries (NiCd) in 1999, which were anticipated to provide four years or more of service. The NiCd pack consists of 26 six-volt batteries (156 V) and cost approximately 34% more that the 1998 cost for the ALAB. A favorable battery-replacement cost-per-mile parameter is anticipated, which would be lower than for the CSLAB car if the NiCd battery were as long-lived as is claimed. The claimed range of the car is 70 miles per charge. That evaluation is anticipated to be completed in four years. New Jersey DOT initiated a research project with the EV specialist, a New Jersey fuel cell manufacturer and others to investigate the concept of a fuel-cell range extender. New Jersey installed NiCd batteries in their fuel-cell hybrid EV. Their car was unveiled at the 1999 ATdS. 40
References 1. Berg, Mark R., “The Potential Market for Electric Vehicles: Results from a National Survey of Commercial Fleet Operators,” Transportation Research Record 1049, 1985. 2. Reisner, D. E., "Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) Batteries for Motive Power," US NANOCORP, Inc., North Haven, CT, 1996. 3. Consumer Reports, “Small, Cheap Cars,” Consumer Reports, September 1995, PP 614-619. 4. Mosely, Patrick T., "The ALAB - Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow," Battery Digest Newsletter, Issue No. 25, April 1998, PP 1-6. 41
Page 1 and 2: Evaluation of Electric Vehicles as
Page 3 and 4: Executive Summary This research pre
Page 5 and 6: Disclaimer The contents of this rep
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements (continued) The au
Page 9 and 10: Table of Contents viii Page Title P
Page 11 and 12: List of Figures (continued) FIGURE
Page 13 and 14: Background Evaluation of Electric V
Page 15 and 16: eyond 60 mpd. In the 30-59 mpd grou
Page 17 and 18: annual weeklong event in the Northe
Page 19 and 20: 80 mile range EV (CT Reg. #EV-1) po
Page 21 and 22: The 1995 EVs in our project all had
Page 23 and 24: demonstration-project requirements,
Page 25 and 26: Distance (miles) 50 45 40 35 30 25
Page 27 and 28: The graph was produced by the batte
Page 29 and 30: 95 Ah ALAB delivered 79 cycles duri
Page 31 and 32: the state-of-art ALAB car. All of t
Page 33 and 34: Distance (miles) 120 100 80 60 40 2
Page 35 and 36: the pack; followed by 4-4.5 hours u
Page 37 and 38: is 65 mph. One 1.4-mile stretch has
Page 39 and 40: within the 70 percent DOD limit. We
Page 41 and 42: eplacement battery registers 1.8 V/
Page 43 and 44: this car/battery configuration with
Page 45 and 46: In table 2 we are reporting the sin
Page 47 and 48: Rideshare provided data from both t
Page 49 and 50: 50 Ah CSLAB-powered Electric Subcom
Page 51: The project successfully assembled
Page 55 and 56: Electric Commuter Vehicle Evaluatio
Page 57 and 58: 1996 ATdS Daily Recordof Performanc
Page 59 and 60: 1996 ATdS Range Day: 141-mile drive
Page 61 and 62: 1996 Post ATdS Performance Battery
Page 63 and 64: 1996 Analysis of ALAB Failure Elect
Page 65 and 66: ALAB Car Photos in 1996 & 1997 Elec
Page 67 and 68: 1997 ATdS Results & Data Electric C
Page 69 and 70: 1997 ATdS Results & Data Discharge
Page 71 and 72: 1997 ATdS Results & Data Friday Dis
Page 73 and 74: Grade-clinbing Limits of ALAB Car C
Page 75 and 76: Preparations for 1997 American Tour
Page 77 and 78: 1997 PostATdS the Goodyear Aqua tre
Page 83 and 84: 1998 ATdS Results & Data Data for c
Page 87 and 88: 1998 PostATdS ● ● ● 18, and 1
Page 89 and 90: ALAB Car Evaluation Completed ●
Page 91 and 92: VEHICLE WEIGHT IATF personnel weigh
Page 93 and 94: The 1.6 km (1 mile) urban circuit p
Page 95: energy management system to work pr

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