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Evaluation of Electric Vehicles as an Alternative for Work Trip and ...

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is 65 mph. One 1.4-mile stretch h<strong>as</strong> a const<strong>an</strong>t 3 percent grade (see<br />

Figure 7). In six drives to UConn during June <strong>an</strong>d July in 1998, the<br />

ALAB car could not maintain the 65 mph speed on the 1.4 km section with<br />

the 3 percent grade. At full power, speed gradually dropped from 65 mph<br />

to about 57 mph <strong>an</strong>d held steady thereafter to the crest <strong>of</strong> the hill.<br />

The ALAB car r<strong>an</strong> well in May <strong>an</strong>d June, <strong>an</strong>d 48 single-charge drives<br />

were completed. However, just seven weeks after the car entered service<br />

with the new ALAB, problems developed with battery #4 after a 56-mile<br />

drive on July 5, 1998.<br />

FIGURE 8 Voltage pattern in 1998 ALAB reveals that battery #4 is<br />

very weak by discharge cycle #50, July 5, 1998<br />

The graph produced by the battery m<strong>an</strong>agement system describes the<br />

energy usage on that drive (Figure 8). The x-axis represents the depth<br />

25

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