Evaluation of Electric Vehicles as an Alternative for Work Trip and ...
Evaluation of Electric Vehicles as an Alternative for Work Trip and ...
Evaluation of Electric Vehicles as an Alternative for Work Trip and ...
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FIGURE 11 Voltage pattern this 24-mile drive on November 3, 1998 shows<br />
that replacement battery #4 is very weak by comparison to the<br />
other twelve ALAB units<br />
The graph from the battery m<strong>an</strong>agement system on November 3, 1998<br />
records the voltages <strong>for</strong> the second cycle after battery #4 w<strong>as</strong> replaced<br />
with a spare (Figure 11). The spare w<strong>as</strong> the better <strong>of</strong> two ALAB units<br />
held in storage <strong>for</strong> 18 months with occ<strong>as</strong>ional trickle charges to<br />
maintain the battery. The top <strong>of</strong> the graph shows batteries with<br />
highest, average <strong>an</strong>d lowest voltages. The lowest voltage line<br />
represents the replacement battery, starting at 1.93 V (11.58 V/when<br />
fully charged, while the other twelve ALAB units start at 2.06 V/cell<br />
(12.36 V/battery). Amperage draw <strong>for</strong> driving w<strong>as</strong> very modest, with peak<br />
draw below 70 A (refer to lower half <strong>of</strong> graph <strong>an</strong>d y-axis on the right,<br />
where 0.4 refers to 0.4 x 160A = 64 A). After a 20 percent discharge<br />
(0.2 on x-axis), average cell voltage is 2.0 (12.0 V/battery), but the<br />
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