Evaluation of Electric Vehicles as an Alternative for Work Trip and ...

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PERFORMANCE Acceleration tests were performed with a full battery-charge level and at the maximum power-saver setting. Temperatures during acceleration tests were -5.5'C (22'F). Kilometers per Hour Elapsed Time in Seconds (Miles per Hour) Std. 1996 Geo Metro 1995 Electric Geo (EV-2) 0-48.3 (0-30) 5 sec. 10 sec. 0-80.5 (0-50) NA 25 sec. 0-96.6 (0-60) 15.3 sec. 35 sec. 72.4-104.6 (45-65) NA not tested 0.4 km (quarter mile) 20.4 sec. 27 sec. The 0-96.6 (0-60) test required 0.64 km (0.4 miles) to reach its speed. The top speed reached in 0.4 km (quarter mile) was 83.7 km/hr (52 mph). The test was run only in the downwind direction. It is anticipated the CSLAB car’s acceleration will be documented at 16.1 km/hr (10 mph) intervals [0-16.1, 0-32.2, 0-48.3, etc.(0-10, 0-20, 0-30, etc.)] in the next (Spring 1996) evaluation. The IATF director noted that the U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC) has a short-term goal for electric cars of achieving 0-80.5 km/hr (0-50 mph) in 12 seconds. Its mid-term goal (within 10 years) is to achieve 0-96.6 km/hr (0-60 mph) in 9 seconds. A USABC cost constraint is to provide these levels of performance at a per-car cost of less than $4,000 for batteries. FUEL ECONOMY (electrical efficiency) Two types of range tests are commonly performed by IATF: a circuit on secondary roads and an urban circuit. A 48.3 km (30 mile) circuit on secondary roads was driven twice. Maximum range achieved was 49.9 km (31 miles) and the CSLAB car required towing back to the IATF facility after one of the two range tests. Maximum battery draw down achieved in the range tests was 57 Amp Hours (Ah) according to the dashboard-instrument. The vehicles entered reduced-power mode at around 40 Ah and the CSLAB car was driven to exhaustion in the reduced-power mode. C-3
The 1.6 km (1 mile) urban circuit proved to be the most efficient, but provided the shortest 'range, achieving only 16.1 km (10 miles) before the test was halted. It was necessary to halt this test when the CSLAB car could no longer maintain an average speed of 48.3 km/hr (30 mph) on the circuit. This test was conducted at 7.2'C (45'F). In the analysis section of the draft report compiled by IATF, fuel economy based on the urban circuit was recorded as a 22.5 km (14 mile) range that consumed 6 kWh, which included the qualifying 16.1 km (10 miles) in the urban circuit. IATF personnel in their evaluation included commuting. Only IATF personnel living within the cold-weather driving range of the CSLAB car participated in this portion of the evaluation. Overall, IATF personnel accumulated 247.8 km (154 miles) of driving during their week-long evaluation, including 27.4 km (17 miles) for the acceleration tests. The IATF Director observed that the short- and mid-term single-charge range goals of USABC are 160.9-201.2 km (100-125 miles) and 321.7 km (200 miles), respectively. OTHER EVALUATION ELEMENTS Numerous customary IATF automobile-evaluation elements were NOT performed because they were duplicative of IATF's recent evaluation of the 1996 Geo Metro Sedan. Routine and emergency handling and braking from 96.6 km/hr (60 mph) under wet and dry pavement conditions were not addressed. Evaluators did not comment on the reduced trunk space of CSLAB. IATF personnel commented informally about the differences in dashboard instrumentation, noting especially the added complexity of a preheat controller, which was successfully reset by IATF personnel for their daily commute schedule(s) ANALYSIS & COMMENT BY IATF ANALYST, E.A. Petersen IATF ran a series of tests to assess the vehicle's energy efficiency using controlled track procedures, and local commutes. Accessories were used to provide heating and defrosting. Energy consumed by accessories is C-4
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Evaluation of Electric Vehicles as
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Executive Summary This research pre
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Disclaimer The contents of this rep
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Acknowledgements (continued) The au
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Table of Contents viii Page Title P
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List of Figures (continued) FIGURE
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Background Evaluation of Electric V
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eyond 60 mpd. In the 30-59 mpd grou
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annual weeklong event in the Northe
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80 mile range EV (CT Reg. #EV-1) po
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The 1995 EVs in our project all had
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demonstration-project requirements,
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Distance (miles) 50 45 40 35 30 25
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The graph was produced by the batte
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95 Ah ALAB delivered 79 cycles duri
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the state-of-art ALAB car. All of t
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Distance (miles) 120 100 80 60 40 2
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the pack; followed by 4-4.5 hours u
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is 65 mph. One 1.4-mile stretch has
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within the 70 percent DOD limit. We
Page 41 and 42: eplacement battery registers 1.8 V/
Page 43 and 44: this car/battery configuration with
Page 45 and 46: In table 2 we are reporting the sin
Page 47 and 48: Rideshare provided data from both t
Page 49 and 50: 50 Ah CSLAB-powered Electric Subcom
Page 51 and 52: The project successfully assembled
Page 53 and 54: References 1. Berg, Mark R., “The
Page 55 and 56: Electric Commuter Vehicle Evaluatio
Page 57 and 58: 1996 ATdS Daily Recordof Performanc
Page 59 and 60: 1996 ATdS Range Day: 141-mile drive
Page 61 and 62: 1996 Post ATdS Performance Battery
Page 63 and 64: 1996 Analysis of ALAB Failure Elect
Page 65 and 66: ALAB Car Photos in 1996 & 1997 Elec
Page 67 and 68: 1997 ATdS Results & Data Electric C
Page 69 and 70: 1997 ATdS Results & Data Discharge
Page 71 and 72: 1997 ATdS Results & Data Friday Dis
Page 73 and 74: Grade-clinbing Limits of ALAB Car C
Page 75 and 76: Preparations for 1997 American Tour
Page 77 and 78: 1997 PostATdS the Goodyear Aqua tre
Page 83 and 84: 1998 ATdS Results & Data Data for c
Page 87 and 88: 1998 PostATdS ● ● ● 18, and 1
Page 89 and 90: ALAB Car Evaluation Completed ●
Page 91: VEHICLE WEIGHT IATF personnel weigh
Page 95: energy management system to work pr
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