Technology Status Report: In Situ Flushing - CLU-IN

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In Situ Flushing Project Summaries GWRTAC Case Study Database GWRTAC ID: FLSH0025 Project Name: JADCO-Hughes, Belmont, NC City: Belmont State/Province: NC Primary GWRTAC Personal Communication Source (Name/Organization): Project Summary: Michael Townsend U.S. EPA Report(s)/Publication(s) (GWRTAC Source): U.S. EPA, Nov. 1996: Inn. Trtmt. Techs.: Ann. Status Rpt. (8th Ed.), EPA 542-R-96-010, No. 8, U.S. EPA OSWER (5102G) TIO, Wash., DC Internet URL http://www.epa.gov/superfund/index.htm The following text is from notes from a August 1998 conversation with the EPA RPM: The site is a former landfill, and soil vapor extraction (SVE) is currently being implemented to remediate vadose zone soils. After the SVE portion of the remedy had been completed, then in situ flushing will begin, using clean water. Target vadose zone contaminants are VOCs; the maximum depth of the contaminants is 10 to 15 feet below the ground surface (bgs). The clean water will be injected through the existing SVE manifold system. A groundwater treatment system is currently in place; extraction wells and trenches currently collect groundwater for above ground treatment, and discharge to the POTW. There is no slurry wall in place at the site; hydraulic control will contain the future flushing system. At this time, it is planned to start in situ flushing without additives, but the site owners have been directed to consider addition of surfactants to enhance contaminant recovery if deemed necessary after the start up of the operation. Report(s)/Publication(s) (Additional Information Sources): Internet URL http://www.epa.gov/superfund/index.htm U.S. EPA, Nov. 1996: Inn. Trtmt. Techs.: Ann. Status Rpt. (8th Ed.), EPA 542-R-96-010, No. 8, U.S. EPA OSWER (5102G) TIO, Wash., DC Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center Operated by Concurrent Technologies Corporation Appendix - Page 54 of 164 Copyright GWRTAC 1998 Revision 1 Tuesday, November 17, 1998
In Situ Flushing Project Summaries GWRTAC Case Study Database GWRTAC ID: FLSH0026 Project Name: Laramie, WY, Private wood treating site City: Laramie State/Province: WY Primary GWRTAC Personal Communication Source (Name/Organization): Project Summary: None None Report(s)/Publication(s) (GWRTAC Source): U.S. EPA, Oct. 1991: Eng. Bull. In Situ Soil Flushing, EPA 540-2-91-021, U.S. EPA OERR, Washington, DC Mann et al., 1993: Innovative Site Remediation Technology Soil Washing/Soil Flushing, Vol. 3 of 8, WASTECH, William C. Anderson, P.E., DEE, Ed., American Academy of Environmental Engineers, 1993 Rice University, 1997: Technology Practices Manual for Surfactants and Cosolvents, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005-1892, February 1997 The following is excerpted from Mann et al., 1993: Innovative Site Remediation Technology Soil Washing/Soil Flushing, Vol. 3 of 8, WASTECH, William C. Anderson, P.E., DEE, Ed., American Academy of Environmental Engineers, 1993 and Rice University, 1997: Technology Practices Manual for Surfactants and Cosolvents, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005- 1892, February 1997. Direct quotes are from Rice, 1997: "From 1987 to 1990, a suite of in situ remedial technologies were field tested at a former woodtreating facility in Wyoming where a shallow alluvial aquifer had become contaminated with creosote based waste wood-treating oils (density 1.03 g/cms, viscosity 54 centipoise). A primary component of these studies was the analysis of chemically enhanced recovery of the oils. This involved laboratory testing followed by a small-scale field demonstration in 1988 (Sale, et al., 1989) and a large-scale field demonstration in 1989 (Pitts, et al., 1993)." The 100-acre site contained over 500,000 yd3 PAH-impacted alluvial deposits, with significant DNAPL and LNAPL. The contaminated zone is contained by underlying shale aquitard, a perimeter bentonite slurry wall, and a negative hydraulic gradient. A 12 foot deep test cell was isolated from surrounding alluvium aquifer by 27 x 27 foot sheet-pile wall. Alluvial sediments graduated from fine sands, silts, and clays at surface to coarse sands and fine gravels at base. The lower three feet of alluvium was saturated by waste wood-treating oil of density 1.04 g/cm3 and viscosity 54 Cp. Delivery and recovery of flushing solution was accomplished through 4-inch horizontal drain lines spaced 15 feet apart in parallel and located at the alluvium-bedrock contact. One pore volume (PV - volume of liquid required to saturate the cell) was estimated at 5,000 gallons. (Mann, 1993). The pilot test sequence consisted of three steps: waterflooding, soil flushing, and reconditioning. In Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center Operated by Concurrent Technologies Corporation Appendix - Page 55 of 164 Copyright GWRTAC 1998 Revision 1 Tuesday, November 17, 1998
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Technology Status Report Technology
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ABSTRACT This technology status rep
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LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 1 I
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1.0 INTRODUCTION / PURPOSE OF STATU
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a laboratory-scale project. As illu
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3.1 Flushing Solutions 3.0 ANALYSIS
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(approximately eight) full-scale pr
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Table 1. In Situ Flushing - Summary
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Table 3 In Situ Flushing - Geology
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Table 4 In Situ Flushing - Recovere
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Full-Scale/Commercial 26% Figure 2.
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Site Remediation 25% Figure 4. In S
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NAPL Removal 34% Figure 6. In Situ
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Figure 8. In Situ Flushing - Distri
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Number of Projects 35 30 25 20 15 1
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Number of Case Studies 45 40 35 30
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25 ft and 50 ft and 10 ft and 100 f
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Unconfined Aquifer 65% Figure 16. I
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In Situ Flushing Project Summaries
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