Technology Status Report: In Situ Flushing - CLU-IN
Technology Status Report: In Situ Flushing - CLU-IN
Technology Status Report: In Situ Flushing - CLU-IN
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<strong>In</strong> <strong>Situ</strong> <strong>Flushing</strong> Project Summaries<br />
GWRTAC Case Study Database<br />
technical viability of the process.<br />
<strong>In</strong> the ultrafiltration experiments, 67% of the surfactant mass was recovered with the PM500<br />
membrane, with 90 and 83% of the PCBs and oils being retained, respectively. The XM50<br />
membrane did not capture the surfactant quite as efficiently (46%), however retained<br />
approximately the same fraction of PCB and oil (94% and 89%, respectively).<br />
<strong>Report</strong>(s)/Publication(s) (Additional <strong>In</strong>formation Sources):<br />
Abdul, A.S., Gibson, T.L., and Rai, D.N. 1990. "Selection of Surfactants for Removal of Petroleum<br />
Products from Shallow Sandy Aquifers," Ground Water, Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 920-926.<br />
Abdul, S.A., and Gibson, T.L. 1991. "Laboratory Studies of Surfactant-Enhanced Washing of<br />
Polychlorinated Biphenyl from Sandy Materials," Environmental Science & <strong>Technology</strong>,<br />
Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 665-671.<br />
Abdul, A.S., Gibson, T.L., Ang, C.C., Smith, J.C., and Sobczynski, R.E. 1992. "<strong>In</strong>-<strong>Situ</strong> Surfactant<br />
Washing of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Oils from a Contaminated Aquifer," Ground Water, Vol.<br />
30, No. 2, pp. 219-231.<br />
Abdul, A.S., and Ang, C.C. 1994. "<strong>In</strong>-<strong>Situ</strong> Surfactant Washing of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and<br />
Oils from a Contaminated Field Site: Phase II Pilot Study," Ground Water, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 727-<br />
734.<br />
Ang, C.C., and Abdul, A.S. 1991a. "Aqueous Surfactant Washing of Residual Oil Contamination<br />
from Sandy Soil," Ground Water Monitoring Review, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 121-127.<br />
Ang, C.C., and Adbul, A.S. 1991b. "A Laboratory Study of the Biodegradation of an Alcohol<br />
Ethyoxylate Surfactant by Native Soil Microbes," Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 138, pp. 191-209.<br />
Ang, C.C., and Adbul, A.S. 1994. "Evaluation of an Ultrafiltration Method for Surfactant Recovery<br />
and Reuse During <strong>In</strong> <strong>Situ</strong> Washing of Contaminated Sites: Laboratory and Field Studies," Ground<br />
Water Monitoring and Remediation.<br />
Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center (GWRTAC), 1996: <strong>Technology</strong><br />
Evaluation <strong>Report</strong> TE-96-002, Surfactants/Cosolvents, Dr. Chad T. Jafvert, Purdue University,<br />
GWRTAC, 320 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, PA, available at www.gwrtac.org<br />
Rice University, 1997: <strong>Technology</strong> Practices Manual for Surfactants and Cosolvents, Rice<br />
University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005-1892, February 1997<br />
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995: "<strong>In</strong> <strong>Situ</strong> Remediation <strong>Technology</strong> <strong>Status</strong> <strong>Report</strong>:<br />
Surfactant-Enhancements”, EPA 542-K-94-003, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response<br />
(5102W), Washington, DC<br />
Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center<br />
Operated by Concurrent Technologies Corporation<br />
Appendix - Page 24 of 164<br />
Copyright GWRTAC 1998<br />
Revision 1<br />
Tuesday, November 17, 1998