Technology Status Report: In Situ Flushing - CLU-IN
Technology Status Report: In Situ Flushing - CLU-IN
Technology Status Report: In Situ Flushing - CLU-IN
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<strong>In</strong> <strong>Situ</strong> <strong>Flushing</strong> Project Summaries<br />
GWRTAC Case Study Database<br />
GWRTAC ID: FLSH0016<br />
Project Name: Hill Air Force Base, UT (Cell 5, OU1 - Surfactant Mobilization)<br />
City: Layton State/Province: UT<br />
Primary GWRTAC Personal<br />
Communication Source<br />
(Name/Organization):<br />
Project Summary:<br />
Jon Ginn<br />
U.S. Air Force<br />
<strong>Report</strong>(s)/Publication(s) (GWRTAC Source):<br />
Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center (GWRTAC), 1996:<br />
Surfactants/Cosolvents, <strong>Technology</strong> Evaluation <strong>Report</strong> TE-96-002, Surfactants/Cosolvents, Dr.<br />
Chad T. Jafvert, Purdue University, for GWRTAC, Pittsburgh, PA, available at www.gwrtac.org<br />
Rice University, 1997: <strong>Technology</strong> Practices Manual for Surfactants and Cosolvents, Rice<br />
University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005-1892, February 1997<br />
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), April 1995: <strong>Status</strong> <strong>Report</strong>: Surfactant<br />
Enhancements, EPA 542-K-94-003, U.S. EPA OSWER (5102W), TIO, Washington, DC<br />
The following is excerpted from Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center<br />
(GWRTAC), 1996: Surfactants / Cosolvents,<strong>Technology</strong> Evaluation <strong>Report</strong> TE-96-002, Chad T.<br />
Jafvert, Purdue University, for GWRTAC, Pittsburgh, PA, December 1996, available at<br />
www.gwrtac.org and Rice University, 1997: <strong>Technology</strong> Practices Manual for Surfactants and<br />
Cosolvents, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005-1892, February 1997:<br />
Hill AFB Operational Unit 1 (OU1) consists of two fire training areas, two chemical disposal pits,<br />
and two landfills. The primary contaminant is LNAPL (light lubricating oils, jet fuel). At OU1, the<br />
design of each test is process dependent, however, each test cell (of nine test constructed test<br />
cells) that will undergo some type of flushing is basically the same. Each cell is constructed of<br />
sheet piling driven into a clay layer approximately 30 feet below the surface, each occupying a<br />
rectangular surface area of 3 m x 5 m. The sheet piling has inter-locking grout-sealed joints to<br />
hydraulically isolate the cell from its surroundings. This type of containment is sometimes referred<br />
to as a Waterloo Barrier system. The poorly sorted sand and gravel aquifer is approximately 15 to<br />
20 ft below the surface to the clay aquitard. Four injection and three extraction wells are located on<br />
the opposite 3 m sides of each cell. Well screens are variable from the clay layer to above the<br />
water table. <strong>In</strong> the interior are 12 evenly spaced sampling wells, each with nested ports at 5<br />
vertical depths. The saturated zone pore volume (PV) within each cell is variable from 1,000 to<br />
2,500 gallons per cell. The hydraulic conductivity of the saturated potion of the upper sand and<br />
gravel unit at OU1 is 10-1 to 10-2 cm/sec based on aquifer test data, and 10-2 to 10-5 cm/sec<br />
based on slug test data. For all of the flushing experiments (those with surfactants, cosolvents,<br />
and cyclodexdrin), the flushing rate will be approximately one pore volume per day. Prior to and<br />
after treatment of each cell, a partitioning tracer test has or will be performed. The mix of tracers<br />
will be designed according to the expected volume of NAPL within the cell before and after<br />
treatment. Among the tracers, hexanol and dimethylpentanol may be included.<br />
Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center<br />
Operated by Concurrent Technologies Corporation<br />
Appendix - Page 32 of 164<br />
Copyright GWRTAC 1998<br />
Revision 1<br />
Tuesday, November 17, 1998