Technology Status Report: In Situ Flushing - CLU-IN

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Table 1. In Situ Flushing - Summary of Case Studies in the GWRTAC Database (Details for Each Project Included in Appendix) Total Number of Case Studies = 84 Primary Primary Primary Primary GWRTAC Project State/ PRP/Site Funding Regulatory Technical Scale of Status of ID Name City Prvnce Owner Source/Sponsor Agency Team Member Project Contaminants Target Media Flushing Solution Project FLSH0012 General Motors NAO Research & Warren MI General Motors General Motors Not Specified General Motors Pilot/Field Demonstration PCBs, oils Soil 0.75 wt% Surfactant (nonionic Completed Development Center, Warren, MI ethoxylated alcohol) FLSH0084 Georessources - Aquifer Washing by Micellar Solutions FLSH0013 GHEA Associates, New Jersey Operating Facilty of Major U.S. Corporation Sainte-Foy QC NA (Lab Study) Not Specified NA (Lab Study) Georessources Laboratory/Bench Scale Mercier DNAPL (Mixture of heavy aliphatics, aromatics and chlorinated hydrocarbons) NJ Unnamed Unnamed Not Specified New Jersey Institute of Technology FLSH0014 Goose Farm, Plumsted Twp, NJ Plumsted Twp. NJ Morton International, Morton International, Inc. Inc. FLSH0050 Gulf Power - Lynn Haven, FL Lynn Haven FL Gulf Power Company FLSH0058 Hialeah County, FL FL Owner of industrial site U.S. EPA Region 02 EPRI Florida DEM Southern Company Services, Inc. FLSH0056 Hill Air Force Base (Cell 4, OU 1 Layton - UT U.S. Air Force SERDP U.S. EPA U.S. Air Force Cyclodextrin Solubilization) University of Arizona FLSH0055 Hill Air Force Base (OU 2 - Foam Layton UT U.S. Air Force AATDF U.S. EPA U.S. Air Force Flood) Duke Engineering & Services FLSH0057 Hill Air Force Base (OU2 1/5 Full Layton UT U.S. Air Force U.S. Air Force U.S. EPA U.S. Air Force Scale Surfactant Flood) Duke Engineering & Services FLSH0015 Hill Air Force Base, UT (Cell 3, OU1 - Cosolvent Mobilization) FLSH0016 Hill Air Force Base, UT (Cell 5, OU1 - Surfactant Mobilization) Soil, NAPL Alcohol-Surfactant-Solvent (n-butanol- SAS-toluene-D-limonene Completed Pilot/Field Demonstration BTEX, VOCs, SVOCs Soil Nonionic Surfactant In Design Geomatrix Consultants Full-Scale/Commercial VOCs (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, Soil, Groundwater Treated Site Groundwater dichloromethane, TCE), SVOCs, PAHs In Progress Full-Scale/Commercial Arsenic Soil, Groundwater Originally Citric acid; now a Proprietary In Progress Compound is Used Owner of industrial site Not Specified CH2M Hill Pilot/Field Demonstration Hydraulic oil Soil, Groundwater, LNAPL Layton UT U.S. Air Force SERDP U.S. EPA U.S. Air Force Clemson University Layton UT U.S. AIr Force SERDP U.S. EPA U.S. Air Force University of Oklahoma FLSH0017 Hill Air Force Base, UT (Cell 6, Layton UT U.S. Air Force SERDP U.S. EPA U.S. Air Force OU1 - Surfactant Solubilization) University of Oklahoma FLSH0018 Hill Air Force Base, UT (Cell 8, OU1 - Surfactant/Cosolvent Solubilization) FLSH0019 Hill Air Force Base, UT (OU2 - Micellar Flood) FLSH0022 Hill Air Force Base, UT (Test 1, OU 1 - Cosolvent Solubilization - Ethanol Flood) FLSH0023 Hooker Chemical/Ruco Polymer, Hicksville NY Occidental NY Petroleum Corporation Layton UT U.S. Air Force SERDP U.S. EPA U.S. Air Force University of Florida Layton UT U.S. Air Force AFCEE U.S. EPA U.S. Air Force Duke Engineering & Services Layton UT U.S. Air Force U.S. EPA ORD U.S. EPA U.S. Air Force University of Florida Occidental Petroleum Corporation U.S. EPA Conestoga Rovers and Associates Surfactant/Alkali (0.5 wt% Na2 CO3 Completed plus 1.1 wt% NaHCO3, plus 0.5 wt% Na2O(Si02 )3.22, plus 0.01 wt% Chloramine T plus 1000 mg/L xanthan gum) Pilot/Field Demonstration Waste jet fuel and light lubricants mixed Soil, Groundwater, Sugar [hydroxypropyl-B-cyclodextrin with chlorinated and nonchlorinated solvents LNAPL (HPCD)] Pilot/Field Demonstration Chorinated solvents (TCE, TCA, PCE, and CTET) with petroleum hydrocarbons, DNAPL (DNAPL is approximately 70% TCE) Soil, Groundwater, DNAPL Full-Scale/Commercial TCE and DNAPL (DNAPL is 70% TCE) Soil, Groundwater, DNAPL In Progress Foam/Surfactant Completed Surfactant Scheduled Pilot/Field Demonstration LNAPL (JP-4 jet fuel, chlorinated and Soil, Groundwater, Cosolvent (tert-butanol/hexanol) Completed nonchlorinated solvents, PCBs) LNAPL (Waste fuels and lubricants mixed with chlorinated solvents and PCBs) Pilot/Field Demonstration LNAPL (mixture of JP-4 jet fuel, chlorinated and nonchlorinated VOCs, LNAPL naphthalene, pesticides, PCBs, dioxins) (Waste jet fuel and light lubricants mixed with chlorinated and nonchlorinated solvents) Soil, Groundwater, Surfactant/Electrolyte (Aerosol OT/Tween w/ added CaCl2) (Most Tween surfactants have USDA food grade additive status) Completed Pilot/Field Demonstration LNAPL (Mixture of VOCs, naphthalene, Soil, Groundwater, Surfactant (Dowfax 8390) Completed pesticides, PCBs, Dioxins, JP4) LNAPL (Waste jet fuel and light lubricants mixed with chlorinated and nonchlorinated solvents) Pilot/Field Demonstration LNAPL (JP-4 jet fuel, chlorinated and nonchlorinated solvents, PCBs) Soil, Groundwater, LNAPL Surfactant/Cosolvent (3.5 wt% Brij 91 [Polyoxyethylent (10) Oleyl Ether]) and 2.5 wt% n-pentanol) Pilot/Field Demonstration Chlorinated solvents (TCE, TCA, PCE, Soil, Groundwater, Surfactant/Cosolvent/Salinity and CTET), petroleum hydrocarbons, DNAPL (Electrolyte) (7.5 wt% sodium dihexyl DNAPL (DNAPL is 70% TCE) sulfosuccinate, 3.75 wt% isopropyl alcohol, and 7,000 mg/L NaCl) Pilot/Field Demonstration LNAPL (BTEX , JP4, pesticides, VOCs, Soil, Groundwater, Cosolvents (70% ethanol, 12% n- SVOCs) (Waste jet fuel and light lubricants mixed with chlorinated and nonchlorinated solvents) LNAPL pentanol) Completed Completed Completed Full-Scale/Commercial VOCs (PCE, TCE, 1,2-DCE, vinyl chloride), phenol, and TICs (tentatively identified compounds) Soil Treated Site Groundwater Pre-Design FLSH0024 Howard University, Washington, Washington DC NA (Lab Studies) Gr Lakes/Mid-Atl Haz NA (Lab Studies) Howard University Laboratory/Bench Scale PCBs Soil Surfactants In Progress DC - Treatment of PCBs with Surfactants Sub Res Cntr Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center Operated by CTC (800) 373-1973 Page 10 GWRTAC 1998 As of 11/17/98
Table 1. In Situ Flushing - Summary of Case Studies in the GWRTAC Database (Details for Each Project Included in Appendix) Total Number of Case Studies = 84 Primary Primary Primary Primary GWRTAC Project State/ PRP/Site Funding Regulatory Technical Scale of Status of ID Name City Prvnce Owner Source/Sponsor Agency Team Member Project Contaminants Target Media Flushing Solution Project FLSH0025 JADCO-Hughes, Belmont, NC Belmont NC King and Spalding King and Spalding U.S EPA Constoga Rovers Pilot/Field Demonstration VOCs Soil Clean Water Scheduled (Law Firm) (Law Firm) FLSH0001 Koppers Co. Inc., Seaboard Plant, Kearny, NJ FLSH0026 Laramie, WY, Private wood treating site Kearny NJ Beazer East, Inc. Beazer East, Inc. New Jersey Dept. of Environ. Protection Key Environmental Pilot/Field Demonstration DNAPL (Creosote/Coal tar) Groundwater, DNAPL Site Groundwater After Oil/Water Separation Laramie WY Not Specified Union Pacific Railroad Not Specified CH2M Hill Pilot/Field Demonstration PAH, carrier oils, (DNAPL, LNAPL), Soil, Groundwater Alkaline Agents, Polymer, Surfactants Completed DNAPL 1.04 g/cm2 density and 54 Cp viscosity Mixture FLSH0027 Lee Chemical, Liberty, MO Liberty MO City of Liberty, MO City of Liberty, MO Missouri Department of Natural Resources City of Liberty, MO Full-Scale/Commercial PCE, TCE, chlorinated solvents Soil Untreated Site Groundwater In Progress FLSH0028 Lipari Landfill, Pitman, NJ Pitman NJ U.S. EPA U.S. EPA U.S. EPA CDM Federal Programs Corporation FLSH0071 Louisiana State University - Colloidal Gas Aphron from Naturally-Derived Surfactant FLSH0029 Michigan State University - Surfactant Research and Soils Modification with Surfactants In Progress Full-Scale/Commercial VOCs (benzene, ethylbenzene, TCE), Soil, Groundwater Treated Site Groundwater SVOCs, PAHs, chorinated ethers (bis-2choroethyl ether) (Superfund URL) In Progress Methylene chloride, chloroform, benzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, 4-methyl- 2-pentanone, toluene, chlorobenzene, total xylenes, phenol, bis(2-chloroeth Baton Rouge LA NA (Lab Study) Not Specified NA (Lab Study) Louisiana State UniversityLaboratory/Bench Scale Hexachlorobenzene Soil Surfactant (Natural, prepared from dry fruits of Sapindus mukorossi plants in India East Lansing MI NA (Lab Studies) ERL-Athens NA (Lab Studies) Michigan State University Laboratory/Bench Scale DDT, PCBs, PAHs Soil Cationic Surfactants In Progress FLSH0030 Montana Pole & Treating, Butte, Butte MT Montana DEQ Montana DEQ Montana DEQ Camp, Dresser, and MT McKee, Inc. FLSH0070 National Tsing Hua University - Effects of Surfactants of Sorption/Micellar Solubilization FLSH0060 National Water Res Inst, Env Canada - Humic Acid Flushing Hsinchu TAIWAN NA (Lab Study) Not Specified NA (Lab Study) National Tsing Hua University Full-Scale/Commercial Pentachlorophenol (PCP), PAHs, LNAPL (diesel fuel 5% PCP) Laboratory/Bench Scale Benzene, chlorobenzene, and styrene (BCS), cadmium Burlington ON NA (Lab Studies) Environment Canada NA (Lab Studies) Environment Canada Laboratory/Bench Scale Petroleum source of BTEX, TPH, and PAHs Soil, Groundwater, LNAPL FLSH0031 Ninth Avenue Dump, Gary, IN Gary IN Monsanto Monsanto U.S. EPA Fluor Daniel GTI Full-Scale/Commercial VOCs (BTEX, TCE), COD Soil, Groundwater, LNAPL FLSH0040 OK Tool Area at Savage Well Site NH U.S. EPA U.S. EPA U.S. EPA INEEL Duke Engineering & Services (former INTERA) Pilot/Field Demonstration PCE Groundwater, NAPL Nutrients (Organic Fertilizers) in Treated Site Groundwater Completed In Progress Soil, Water Anionic Surfactant (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate - SDS), Nonionic Surfactant Completed (Trtion X-100), Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) Soil, Groundwater Humic Acid Completed Treated Site Groundwater Completed Surfactant Scheduled FLSH0032 Ormet Corp., Hannibal, OH Hannibal OH Ormet Corporation Ormet Corporation U.S. EPA Dames & Moore Full-Scale/Commercial Tetrachloroethylene, cyanide, fluoride, Soil, Groundwater Treated Site Groundwater As, Sb, Be, Mn In Progress FLSH0033 Patuxent Naval Air Test Center Patuxent MD NA (Lab Studies) U.S Navy NA (Lab Studies) Battelle Columbus Labs Laboratory/Bench Scale JP-5 jet fuel Soil Surfactants and Emulsifiers Completed FLSH0034 Peak Oil Co./Bay Drum Co., Tampa, FL Tampa FL Unical Corporation Unical Corporation U.S. EPA DeMaximus, Inc. Full-Scale/Commercial BTEX, PAHs, PCE, As, Cr, Pb Soil, Groundwater Treated Site Groundwater (nutrient addition under consideration) FLSH0065 Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor HI Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Duke Engineering & Services Pilot/Field Demonstration Petroleum hydrocarbons (Navy Special Soil, Groundwater, Surfactant (developed specifcally for Fuel Oil (NFSO), a highly viscous (2,000 to 3,000 cp) fuel oil. NAPL project) FLSH0067 Petroleum Company (Bulk Plant) QC Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified GSI Environnement Full-Scale/Commercial BTEX, MOG Soil Surfactants Completed FLSH0068 Petroleum Company (Residential Site Contamination) QC Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified GSI Environnement Full-Scale/Commercial BTEX, MOG Soil, NAPL Surfactant Completed FLSH0035 Picatinny Arsenal, NJ Picatinny Arsenal FLSH0078 PPG Plant, Lake Charles, LA Lake Charles LA Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified SUNY - University at Buffalo Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center Operated by CTC (800) 373-1973 NJ U.S. Army U.S. EPA ORD U.S. EPA University of Virginia Pilot/Field Demonstration TCE Soil, Groundwater Surfactant (Triton X-100) Completed Page 11 Pilot/Field Demonstration DNAPL (Primarily Dichloroethane - EDC) Soil, Groundwater, NAPL Surfactant (Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate) In Design Scheduled Completed GWRTAC 1998 As of 11/17/98
Page 1 and 2: Technology Status Report Technology
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT This technology status rep
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 1 I
Page 7 and 8: 1.0 INTRODUCTION / PURPOSE OF STATU
Page 9 and 10: a laboratory-scale project. As illu
Page 11 and 12: 3.1 Flushing Solutions 3.0 ANALYSIS
Page 13 and 14: (approximately eight) full-scale pr
Page 15: Table 1. In Situ Flushing - Summary
Page 19 and 20: Table 1. In Situ Flushing - Summary
Page 21 and 22: Table 3 In Situ Flushing - Geology
Page 27 and 28: Table 4 In Situ Flushing - Recovere
Page 33 and 34: Full-Scale/Commercial 26% Figure 2.
Page 35 and 36: Site Remediation 25% Figure 4. In S
Page 37 and 38: NAPL Removal 34% Figure 6. In Situ
Page 39 and 40: Figure 8. In Situ Flushing - Distri
Page 41 and 42: Number of Projects 35 30 25 20 15 1
Page 43 and 44: Number of Case Studies 45 40 35 30
Page 45 and 46: 25 ft and 50 ft and 10 ft and 100 f
Page 47 and 48: Unconfined Aquifer 65% Figure 16. I
Page 49 and 50: In Situ Flushing Project Summaries
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In Situ Flushing Project Summaries
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Technology Status Report: In Situ Flushing - CLU-IN

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