Technology Status Report: In Situ Flushing - CLU-IN

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In Situ Flushing Project Summaries GWRTAC Case Study Database GWRTAC ID: FLSH0082 Project Name: University of Florida - Two-Dimensional Flow Experiments and City: Gainesville State/Province: FL Primary GWRTAC Personal Communication Source (Name/Organization): Project Summary: None None Report(s)/Publication(s) (GWRTAC Source): U.S. EPA Technology Innovation Office Technology Information Summary Report, Oct. 16-31, 1998, page 8. The following text was excerpted from U.S. EPA Technology Innovation Office Technology Information Summary Report, Oct. 16-31, 1998, page 8: A laboratory study was designed to investigate how density and viscosity contrasts affected cosolvent displacements in unconfined porous media characterized by the presence of a capillary fringe. Two-dimensional flow experiments were conducted to determine potential implications of flow instabilities in homogeneous sand packs, and numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the differential impact of fluid property contrasts in confined and unconfined systems. Test results indicated that the presence of a capillary fringe was an important factor in displacement efficiency. Buoyancy forces can act to carry a lighter-than-water cosolvent into the capillary fringe during displacement of the resident groundwater. During subsequent water flooding, buoyancy forces can trap the cosolvent in the capillary fringe, contributing to the inefficient removal of cosolvent from the aquifer. Report(s)/Publication(s) (Additional Information Sources): Jawitz, J.W., M.D. Annable, P.S.C. Rao, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, "Two-Dimensional Flow Experiments and Simulations", in Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 31:3-4, p. 211-230, 1998 U.S. EPA Technology Innovation Office Technology Information Summary Report, Oct. 16-31, 1998, page 8. Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center Operated by Concurrent Technologies Corporation Appendix - Page 162 of 164 Copyright GWRTAC 1998 Revision 1 Tuesday, November 17, 1998
In Situ Flushing Project Summaries GWRTAC Case Study Database GWRTAC ID: FLSH0083 Project Name: University of Arizona - HC Solubilzation and Mobilization by Bi City: Tucson State/Province: AZ Primary GWRTAC Personal Communication Source (Name/Organization): Project Summary: None None Report(s)/Publication(s) (GWRTAC Source): U.S. EPA Technology Innovation Office Technology Information Summary Report, Oct. 16-31, 1998, page 8. The following text was excerpted from U.S. EPA Technology Innovation Office Technology Information Summary Report, Oct. 16-31, 1998, page 8: The effect of cation type, ionic strength, and pH on the ability of an anionic biosurfactant to solubilize and remove residual nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) from sand was examined. Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ were used in the experiments, and hexadecane was selected as a representative NAPL less dense than water. Hexadecane solubility in rhamnolipid solution was significantly increased by the addition of Na+ and Mg2+. Addition of up to 0.2 mM Ca2+ also increased hexadecane solubility, although for concentrations greater than 0.2 mM there was little effect on solubility due to competing effects of calcium-induced rhamnolipid precipitation and enhanced hexadecane solubilization. Molar solubilization ratios (MSR) values for hexadecane in rhamnolipid solutions were 7.5 times higher in the presence of 500 mM Na+, and were 25 times greater in the presence of 1 mM Mg2+. The presence of cations also reduced the interfacial tension between rhamnolipid solutions and hexadecane. Decreasing pH caused a reduction in interfacial tension, and lowering interfacial tension value was found to be optimal for removal of hexadecane residual from sand columns, with 58% of residual NAPL removed within three pore volumes. Residual NAPL was removed from the packed columns through mobilization primarily, though solubilization was significantly increased in the presence of Na+. Report(s)/Publication(s) (Additional Information Sources): Bai, Guiyun, M.L. Brusseau, R.M. Miller, Soil, Water and Environmental Science Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, "Influence of Cation Type, Ionic Strength, and pH on Solubilization and Mobilization of Residual Hydrocarbon by a Biosurfactant", in Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 30:3-4, p. 265-279, 1998 U.S. EPA Technology Innovation Office Technology Information Summary Report, Oct. 16-31, 1998, page 8. Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center Operated by Concurrent Technologies Corporation Appendix - Page 163 of 164 Copyright GWRTAC 1998 Revision 1 Tuesday, November 17, 1998
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Technology Status Report Technology
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ABSTRACT This technology status rep
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LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 1 I
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1.0 INTRODUCTION / PURPOSE OF STATU
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a laboratory-scale project. As illu
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3.1 Flushing Solutions 3.0 ANALYSIS
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(approximately eight) full-scale pr
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Table 1. In Situ Flushing - Summary
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Table 3 In Situ Flushing - Geology
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Table 4 In Situ Flushing - Recovere
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Full-Scale/Commercial 26% Figure 2.
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Site Remediation 25% Figure 4. In S
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NAPL Removal 34% Figure 6. In Situ
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Figure 8. In Situ Flushing - Distri
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Number of Projects 35 30 25 20 15 1
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Number of Case Studies 45 40 35 30
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25 ft and 50 ft and 10 ft and 100 f
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Unconfined Aquifer 65% Figure 16. I
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In Situ Flushing Project Summaries
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Technology Status Report: In Situ Flushing - CLU-IN

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