Technology Status Report: In Situ Flushing - CLU-IN

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In Situ Flushing Project Summaries GWRTAC Case Study Database Six different pilot tests will be conducted at Dover AFB, beginning in August 1998; five of the six tests will be in situ flushing demonstrations, with the sixth being an air sparging/SVE demonstration. Each test will be run for approximately seven months, including phases for tracer studies, demonstration, and post-tracer studies for delineation of residual contamination. Each in situ flushing technology tested will consist of flushing the test cell with a remedial fluid to remove PCE. Researchers know only that the permit allowed for the release of up to 100 liters, or 26 gallons, of PCE, thus simulating a 1/2 barrel spill. Recovered PCE/remedial fluids will be extracted from the test cell and treated at the surface or at an off-site facility. After each demonstration, the test cell will be flushed again with clean water to remove any remaining remedial fluids. The first in situ flushing project will be conducted in test cell 3 at Dover AFB, and is scheduled to begin in mid August, 1998. University of Florida researchers will conduct a partioning interwell tracer test (PITT) to identify the volume of PCE released into the test cell. They will then use ethanol for remedial in situ flushing testing cosolvent solubilization as the removal mechanism. Report(s)/Publication(s) (Additional Information Sources): Internet URL http://www.epa.gov/superfund/index.htm Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center Operated by Concurrent Technologies Corporation Appendix - Page 18 of 164 Copyright GWRTAC 1998 Revision 1 Tuesday, November 17, 1998
In Situ Flushing Project Summaries GWRTAC Case Study Database GWRTAC ID: FLSH0010 Project Name: Eckenfelder, Inc. - Surfactant Recycling City: Nashville State/Province: TN Primary GWRTAC Personal Communication Source (Name/Organization): Project Summary: None None Report(s)/Publication(s) (GWRTAC Source): U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), April 1995: Status Report: Surfactant Enhancements, EPA 542-K-94-003, U.S. EPA OSWER (5102W), Technology Innovation Office, Washington, DC, available at www.gwrtac.org The following is excerpted from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), April 1995: Status Report: Surfactant Enhancements, EPA 542-K-94-003, U.S. EPA OSWER (5102W), TIO, Washington, DC, avail. at www.gwrtac.org: Researchers from Eckenfelder, Inc., and Vanderbilt University have successfully tested a pilotscale system for recycle and reuse of spent surfactant solution from organics-contaminated soil washing. The research involved testing of the integrated pilot-scale unit on the removal of biphenyl from a soil test bed (152 pounds) spiked with biphenyl as a representative nonvolatile contaminant and the continued treatment of the soil with the recycled surfactant solution. Not only was 99% of the biphenyl removed from the soil, but there was no decrease in the effectiveness of the recycled surfactant solution in removing the biphenyl compared to the virgin solution. This work was conducted under a U.S. EPA Small Business Innovative Research Phase II (SBIR-II) research grant. Since it had been determined in earlier Phase I research that the surfactant can remove high levels of biphenyl (1000 mg/kg) from soil, the Phase II research simulates the polishing of the removal of biphenyl. Soil with an initial biphenyl concentration of 92 mg/kg was cleaned to approximately 1 mg/kg using 7.7 pore volumes of a 2.5% surfactant solution. A conservative estimate of 20 to 40 pore volumes of water would be required to reach the same degree of biphenyl removal. The process achieved a 90% volume reduction of waste even without optimization of the system. Researchers also have developed a mathematical model to assess relative cleanup times as a function of the location of the recovery and injection wells, surfactant concentration, solution flow rates, and soil particle size. The model also has been used to estimate preliminary full-scale costs for PCB removal. The surfactant selected by Eckenfelder, Inc. for testing is sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). It is biodegradable, relatively nontoxic, and commercially available. The anionic character of SDS permits its recovery and reuse by solvent extraction and also reduces its tendency to sorb to negatively charged soils, such as clays. Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center Operated by Concurrent Technologies Corporation Appendix - Page 19 of 164 Copyright GWRTAC 1998 Revision 1 Tuesday, November 17, 1998
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Technology Status Report Technology
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ABSTRACT This technology status rep
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LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 1 I
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1.0 INTRODUCTION / PURPOSE OF STATU
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a laboratory-scale project. As illu
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3.1 Flushing Solutions 3.0 ANALYSIS
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(approximately eight) full-scale pr
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Page 21 and 22: Table 3 In Situ Flushing - Geology
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Page 33 and 34: Full-Scale/Commercial 26% Figure 2.
Page 35 and 36: Site Remediation 25% Figure 4. In S
Page 37 and 38: NAPL Removal 34% Figure 6. In Situ
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Page 41 and 42: Number of Projects 35 30 25 20 15 1
Page 43 and 44: Number of Case Studies 45 40 35 30
Page 45 and 46: 25 ft and 50 ft and 10 ft and 100 f
Page 47 and 48: Unconfined Aquifer 65% Figure 16. I
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