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Sermon II (The Sermons Of Kiu-Ô, Vol. I)<br />
"If a man loses a fowl or a dog, he knows how to reclaim it. If he loses his<br />
soul, he knows not how to reclaim it. The true path <strong>of</strong> learning has no<br />
other function than to teach us how to reclaim lost souls." This parable<br />
has been declared to us by Môshi. If a dog, or a chicken, or a pet cat does<br />
not come home at the proper time, its master makes a great fuss about<br />
hunting for it, and wonders can it have been killed by a dog or by a<br />
snake, or can some man have stolen it; and ransacking the three houses<br />
opposite, and his two next-door neighbours' houses, as if he were seeking<br />
for a lost child, cries, "Pray, sir, has my tortoiseshell cat been with<br />
you? Has my pet chicken been here?" That is the way in which men run<br />
about under such circumstances. <strong>It</strong>'s a matter <strong>of</strong> the utmost importance.<br />
And yet to lose a dog or a tame chicken is no such terrible loss after all.<br />
But the soul, which is called the lord <strong>of</strong> the body, is the master <strong>of</strong> our<br />
whole selves. If men part with this soul for the sake <strong>of</strong> other things, then<br />
they become deaf to the admonitions <strong>of</strong> their parents, and the instructions<br />
<strong>of</strong> their superiors are to them as the winds <strong>of</strong> heaven. Teaching is to<br />
them like pouring water over a frog's face; they blink their eyes, and that<br />
is all; they say, "Yes, yes!" with their mouths, but their hearts are gone,<br />
and, seeing, they are blind, hearing, they are deaf. Born whole and<br />
sound, by their own doing they enter the fraternity <strong>of</strong> cripples. Such are<br />
all those who lose their souls. Nor do they think <strong>of</strong> inquiring or looking<br />
for their lost soul. "<strong>It</strong> is my parents' fault; it is my master's fault; it is my<br />
husband's fault; it is my elder brother's fault; it is Hachibei who is a<br />
rogue; it is 0 Matsu who is a bad woman." They content themselves with<br />
looking at the faults <strong>of</strong> others, and do not examine their own consciences,<br />
nor search their own hearts. Is not this a cruel state <strong>of</strong> things?<br />
They set up a hue and cry for a lost dog or a pet chicken, but for this allimportant<br />
soul <strong>of</strong> theirs they make no search. What mistaken people! For<br />
this reason the sages, mourning over such a state <strong>of</strong> things, have taught<br />
us what is the right path <strong>of</strong> man; and it is the receiving <strong>of</strong> this teaching<br />
that is called learning. The main object <strong>of</strong> learning is the examination and<br />
searching <strong>of</strong> our own hearts; therefore the text says, "The true path <strong>of</strong><br />
learning has no other function than to teach us how to reclaim lost<br />
souls." This is an exhaustive exposition <strong>of</strong> the functions <strong>of</strong> learning. That<br />
learning has no other object, we have this gracious pledge and guarantee<br />
from the sage. As for the mere study <strong>of</strong> the antiquities and annals <strong>of</strong> China<br />
and <strong>Japan</strong>, and investigation into literature, these cannot be called<br />
learning, which is above all things an affair <strong>of</strong> the soul. All the<br />
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