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Figure 1. Propidium iodide-fluorescence microscopy of the SJL mouse living hippocampal brain slices without (upper left image) or with (lower left image, with Fc control) the addition of PLP-specific encephalitogenic T cells. As a positive control, the hippocampus is shown in response to application of the neurotoxic agent NMDA (upper right image). Cell death induced by encephalitogenic lymphocytes was reduced by soluble DR5:Fc (lower right image). Scale bars 100 µm. Figure 2. Reduced encephalitogenicity of TRAIL-deficient myelin-reactive lymphocytes. MOG-specific lymphocytes from either TRAIL-deficient (ko) or wildtype (wt) donors were transferred into wildtype recipients. Disease was significantly milder in mice receiving TRAIL-deficient cells (black squares; n = 7), compared to recipients of wildtype cells (white squares; n = 11; comparison of mean clinical scores: F 10-49 (1,40) = 4.9, P < 0.05). Moreover, disease incidence was significantly lower in mice receiving TRAIL-deficient lymphocytes (EAE manifestation, i.e. a score of at least 1, was found in 1 out of 7 mice), as compared to recipients of wildtype lymphocytes (EAE in 9 out of 11). extensive transverse myelitis (LETM), corresponding to a sensitivity of 62.8% and a specificity of 98.3%. By contrast, Aqp-4 antibodies were virtually absent in 262 other participants, which included patients with multiple sclerosis, patients with other inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological diseases, patients with systemic autoimmune diseases, and healthy controls. The newly developed assay represents a highly specific, observer-independent, and easily reproducible detection method facilitating clinically relevant discrimination between NMO, MS, and other inflammatory diseases. The challenge is now to unravel the role of these antibodies and to discover the other targets in the disease. Selected Publications Aktas, O, Smorodchenko, A, Brocke, S, Infante-Duarte, C, Prozorovski, T, Meier, S, Osmanova, V, Kwidzinski, E, Pohl, E, Beyer, M, Bechmann, I, Nitsch, R, Zipp, F. (2005) Neuronal damage in autoimmune neuroinflammation mediated by the death ligand TRAIL. Neuron. 46, 421-432. Infante-Duarte, C., A. Weber, J. Krätzschmar, T. Prozorovski, S. Pikol, J. Bellmann-Strobl, O. Aktas, J. Dörr, J. Wuerfel, C.-S. Stuerzebecher, F. Zipp. (2005) Frequency of blood CX3CR1-positive natural killer cells correlates with disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients. The FASEB Journal. 19: 1902-1904. Zipp, F, Aktas, O. (2006) The brain as a target of inflammation: common pathways link inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Neurosci. 29, 518-527. 184 Function and Dysfunction of the Nervous System
Structure of the Group Group Leader Prof. Dr. Frauke Zipp Scientists PD Dr. Orhan Aktas OA Dr. Friedemann Paul Dr. Jens Würfel Dr. Carmen Infante-Duarte Dr. Sonia Waiczies Dr. Timour Prozorovski Dr. Volker Siffrin Alexander Brandt Graduate Students Ulf Schulze-Topphoff Josephine Herz Tina Leuenberger Technical Assistants Bibiane Seeger Robert Günther Secretariat Andrew Mason Figure 3. In meningitis, leukocyte viability and persistence in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are increased in TRAIL-deficient mice. CSF leukocyte counts at specified time points following meningitis induction. Compared to wild type C57Bl/6 mice (black circles), TRAIL-deficient mice (TRAIL -/- , white circles) show delayed influx of leukocytes into the CSF and delayed resolution of inflammation. Typical lesion along the spinal cord in a patient with neuromyelitis optica (arrows demonstrate the edges of the lesion in the magnetic resonance image). Paul, F, Jarius, S, Aktas, O, Bluthner, M, Bauer, O, Appelhans, H, Franciotta, D, Bergamaschi, R, Littleton, E, Palace, J, Seelig, HP, Hohlfeld, R, Vincent, A, Zipp, F. (2007) Antibody to Aquaporin-4 in the Diagnosis of Neuromyelitis Optica. Plos Med. 4, 669-674. Hoffmann, O, Priller, J, Prozorovski, T, Schulze-Topphoff, U, Baeva, N, Lunemann, JD, Aktas, O, Mahrhofer, C, Stricker, S, Zipp, F # , Weber, JR # . (2007) TRAIL limits excessive host immune responses in bacterial meningitis. J Clin Invest. 117, 2004-2013. ( # these authors contributed equally) Zipp, F, Waiczies, S, Aktas, O, Neuhaus, O, Hemmer, B, Schraven, B, Nitsch, R, Hartung, HP. (2007). Impact of HMG- CoA reductase inhibition on brain pathology. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 28, 342-349. Function and Dysfunction of the Nervous System 185
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Research Report 2008 MDC Berlin-Buc
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Research Report 2008 (covers the pe
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Cell Polarity and Epithelial Morpho
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Molecular Cell Biology and Gene The
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Foreword Vorwort As this book was b
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which survey the quality of protein
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Two major grants from the Helmholtz
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Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseas
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ing on this topic have made importa
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explain why a certain gene or seque
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Figure 2. Uptake of lipoprotein (A)
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Molecular Mechanisms in Embryonic F
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Cardiovascular Hormones Michael Bad
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Angiogenesis and Cardiovascular Pat
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Hypertension, Vascular Disease, Gen
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Structure of the Group Group Leader
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eceptors did not change. Thus, syst
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Mechanisms of Hypertensioninduced T
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Differentiation and Regeneration of
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Heart Diseases Coordinator: Ludwig
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Figure 1. 3D-model of the actomyosi
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Cell Polarity and Epithelial Morpho
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Molecular and Cell Biology of the (
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number of circulating antibodies to
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Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics,
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Physiology and Pathology of Ion Tra
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Technical Assistants Alexander Fast
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Cancer Research Krebsforschung Coor
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how they infiltrate surrounding tis
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(Photo: David Ausserhofer/Copyright
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degradation (ERAD) pathway. In the
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Structural and Functional Genomics
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A B C Only functional Met keratinoc
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I) Conditional ablation of the Bmp
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Genetics of Tumor Progression and M
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Surgical Oncology Peter M. Schlag O
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Structure bition of differentiation
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Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells
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Control of DNA Replication Manfred
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a. b. Figure 1. The Sleeping Beauty
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Structural and Functional Genomics
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A B Figure 2. Palmitoylation of the
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RNA Chemistry Eckart Matthes Hydrox
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Structure and Membrane Interaction
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Tumor Immunology Coordinator: Marti
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Formation of segregated ectopic fol
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Regulatory Mechanisms of Lymphocyte
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Biology and Targeted Therapy of Lym
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Campus Map Campusplan Robert-Rössl
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