Eble JN, Sauter G., Epstein JI, Sesterhenn IA - iarc

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Lymphomas A. Marx Definition Malignant lymphoma is a malignant lymphoid neoplasm which may occur in the urinary bladder as a primary or part of a systemic disease. Epidemiology Lymphomas constitute about 5% of nonurothelial tumours of the urinary tract. More than 90% affect the bladder {1730}, constituting less than 1% of bladder neoplasms {86,106,530}. Secondary lymphoma of the bladder is common (12- 20%) in advanced stage systemic lymphoma, shows a slight male predominance and may occur in children {885, 1297}. Primary lymphomas of the bladder {1297,1946,2793} and urethra {127, 398,1040,1414} are rare, affect mainly females (65-85%) and occur at an age of 12 - 85 (median 60) years. In one series only 20% of cases were primary lymphomas {1297}. Etiology The etiology of urinary tract lymphomas is unclear. Chronic cystitis is regularly encountered in MALT lymphoma of the bladder {1297,1402,2034}, but less frequently (20%) in other lymphomas {1946}. EBV and HIV infection have been reported in rare high grade urinary tract lymphoma (UTL) {1257,1692,1947}. Schistosomiasis was associated with a T-cell lymphoma of the bladder {1820}. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease restricted to the ureter allograft may occur after renal transplantation {591,2360}. Clinical features The most frequent symptom of urinary tract lymphomas is gross hematuria, followed by dysuria, urinary frequency, nocturia and abdominal or back pain {1297,1946}. Fever, night sweats, and weight loss or ureteral obstruction with hydronephrosis and renal failure occur almost only in patients with secondary urinary tract lymphomas due to retroperitoneal disease. Antecedent or concurrent MALT lymphomas in the orbit {1297} and stomach {1396}, and papillary urothelial tumours rarely occur {2034}. Urinary tract lymphomas affect the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and urethra. Primary urinary tract lymphomas are confined to the urinary tract, while secondary lymphoma results from disseminated lymphoma/leukaemia. Secondary bladder lymphoma as the first sign of disseminated disease is termed "nonlocalized lymphoma" with a much better prognosis than "secondary [recurrent] lymphoma" in patients with a history of lymphoma {1297}. Macroscopy Bladder lympomas may form solitary (70%) or multiple (20%) masses or diffuse thickening (10%) of the bladder wall. Ulceration is rare (
Metastatic tumours and secondary extension in urinary bladder B. Helpap A.G. Ayala D.J. Grignon E. Oliva J.I. <strong>Epstein</strong> Definition Tumours of the urinary bladder that originate from an extravesical, non-urothelial tract neoplasm. Localization The most frequent locations of metastases to the urinary bladder are the bladder neck and the trigone. Clinical features Metastases or, in most cases, direct extension of colonic carcinomas to the bladder are most frequent at 21%, followed by carcinomas of the prostate (19%), rectum (12%), and uterine cervix (11%). Much less frequent is metastatic spread to the urinary bladder of neoplasias of the stomach, skin, breast, and lung at 2,5-4% {184}. Macroscopy The lesions may mimic a primary urothelial carcinoma or may manifest as multiple nodules. A Histopathology Some metastatic or secondary tumours, such as malignant lymphomas, leukemias, malignant melanomas, or prostatic adenocarcinomas may be diagnosed by routine microscopy. However, tumours with less characteristic histological features, poorly or undifferentiated high grade tumours require immunohistochemical work-up {849,1954,2415, 2708,2777}. Multifocality and prominent vascular involvement in tumours with unusual morphology should raise suspicion of metastatic tumours. B Fig. 2.85 A Metastatic prostate cancer to urinary bladder. B Metastatic colon cancer to urinary bladder. Fig. 2.86 Metastic breast cancer to urinary bladder. 148 Tumours of the urinary system
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World Health Organization Classific
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This volume was produced in collabo
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Contents 1 Tumours of the kidney 9
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CHAPTER 1 Tumours of the Kidney Can
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TNM classification of renal cell ca
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one quarter of kidney cancers in bo
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Familial renal cell carcinoma M.J.
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Table 1.02 Genotype - phenotype cor
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A B Fig. 1.11 A Multiple cutaneous
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A B Fig. 1.14 Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndr
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Clear cell renal cell carcinoma D.J
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Fig. 1.20 Clear cell renal cell car
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Papillary renal cell carcinoma B. D
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A B Fig. 1.29 Papillary renal cell
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Fig. 1.33 Chromophobe RCC with sarc
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Carcinoma of the collecting ducts o
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Renal medullary carcinoma C.J. Davi
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Renal carcinomas associated with Xp
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Renal cell carcinoma associated wit
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Papillary adenoma of the kidney J.N
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of this tumour. Microscopic extensi
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A B Fig. 1.59 Metanephric adenoma.
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esults in intratumoral aneurysms. O
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peritumoural fibrous pseudocapsule.
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increases in prevalence to approxim
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Nephrogenic rests and nephroblastom
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Cystic partially differentiated nep
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A B Fig. 1.80 Clear cell sarcoma of
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A B Fig. 1.85 Rhabdoid tumour of th
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transcription factor is fused to th
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Leiomyosarcoma S.M. Bonsib Definiti
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Angiomyolipoma G. Martignoni M.B. A
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melanocytic and smooth muscle marke
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Multinucleated and enlarged ganglio
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Haemangioma P. Tamboli Definition H
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Fig. 1.107 Juxtaglomerular cell tum
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Intrarenal schwannoma I. Alvarado-C
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Mixed epithelial and stromal tumour
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Synovial sarcoma of the kidney J.Y.
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Renal carcinoid tumour L.R. Bégin
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Primitive neuroectodermal tumour (E
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Paraganglioma / Phaeochromocytoma P
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Leukaemia A. Orazi Interstitial inf
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WHO histological classification of
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TNM classification of carcinomas of
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The risk of bladder cancer goes dow
Page 93 and 94: Tumour spread and staging Urinary b
Page 95 and 96: feature in such patients undergoing
Page 97 and 98: A Fig. 2.12 Infiltrative urothelial
Page 99 and 100: A Fig. 2.15 A Infiltrating urotheli
Page 101 and 102: A B Fig. 2.19 A Infiltrative urothe
Page 103 and 104: Fig. 2.23 Infiltrative urothelial c
Page 105 and 106: ing systems have been proposed on t
Page 107 and 108: Non-invasive urothelial tumours G.
Page 109 and 110: chronically inflamed urothelium and
Page 111 and 112: Inverted papilloma G. Sauter Defini
Page 113 and 114: muscle invasive disease, but there
Page 115 and 116: Fig. 2.42 Non-invasive urothelial n
Page 117 and 118: A Fig. 2.45 Non-invasive urothelial
Page 119 and 120: for DBCCR1 silencing {984,2476}. Th
Page 121 and 122: Squamous cell carcinoma D.J. Grigno
Page 123 and 124: Fig. 2.51 Squamous cell carcinoma.
Page 125 and 126: Adenocarcinoma A.G. Ayala P. Tambol
Page 127 and 128: A B Fig. 2.61 A Adenocarcinoma in s
Page 129 and 130: A B Fig. 2.65 Intramural urachal ca
Page 131 and 132: Müllerian origin is postulated for
Page 133 and 134: A Fig. 2.69 Small cell carcinoma. A
Page 135 and 136: Carcinoid L. Cheng Definition Carci
Page 137 and 138: Leiomyosarcoma J. Cheville Definiti
Page 139 and 140: Osteosarcoma L. Guillou Definition
Page 141 and 142: Leiomyoma J. Cheville Definition A
Page 143: Haemangioma L. Cheng Definition Hae
Page 147 and 148: Tumours of the renal pelvis and ure
Page 149 and 150: nodular, ulcerative or infiltrative
Page 151 and 152: Tumours of the urethra F. Hofstädt
Page 153 and 154: usually show enteric, colloid or si
Page 155 and 156: CHAPTER 3X Tumours of of the the Pr
Page 157 and 158: TNM classification of carcinomas of
Page 159 and 160: contrast, mortality among migrants
Page 161 and 162: Fig. 3.06 Transrectal ultrasound of
Page 163 and 164: PSA-related diagnostic strategies.
Page 165 and 166: A B C Fig. 3.10 A,B Section of pros
Page 167 and 168: pale-clear, similar to benign gland
Page 169 and 170: A B Fig. 3.20 A, B Adenocarcinoma w
Page 171 and 172: prostate adenocarcinomas exhibit AR
Page 173 and 174: A Fig. 3.27 A, B Foamy gland adenoc
Page 175 and 176: A B Fig. 3.32 A Sarcomatoid carcino
Page 177 and 178: A B Fig. 3.37 A Gleason score 1+1=2
Page 179 and 180: A B Fig. 3.43 A Prostate cancer Gle
Page 181 and 182: Fig. 3.48 Heat map-nature. From S.M
Page 183 and 184: Fig. 3.51 Prostate cancer. Major su
Page 185 and 186: many stage T1b cancers. Stage T2 Mo
Page 187 and 188: Fig. 3.58 Patterns of seminal vesic
Page 189 and 190: Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
Page 191 and 192: A B Fig. 3.63 A Micropapillary high
Page 193 and 194: A B Fig. 3.68 A Ductal carcinoma in
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Ductal adenocarcinoma X.J. Yang L.
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Papillary pattern can be seen in bo
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A B Fig. 3.74 A Inflammation withou
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Squamous neoplasms T.H. Van der Kwa
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Neuroendocrine tumours P.A. di Sant
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Mesenchymal tumours J. Cheville F.
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Fig. 3.89 Sarcoma of the prostate.
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Miscellaneous tumours P.H. Tan L. C
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A Fig. 3.96 A Adenocarcinoma of the
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Introduction F.K. Mostofi I.A. Sest
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wartime birth cohorts illustrate th
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Similar tumours as those of group 1
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crucial for the development of this
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A B Fig. 4.09 Spermatocytic seminom
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A B Fig. 4.14 Intratubular germ cel
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A B Fig. 4.19 Seminoma. A Typical s
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Fig. 4.24 Seminoma. Vascular invasi
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Fig. 4.28 Spermatocytic seminoma wi
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A B Fig. 4.33 Embryonal carcinoma.
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A B Fig. 4.38 Yolk sac tumour. A En
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have cytoplasmic lacunae that conta
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A Fig. 4.46 Teratoma. A Longitudina
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A B Fig. 4.51 A Cut surface of derm
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Fig. 4.54 Mixed germ cell tumour. L
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Sex cord / gonadal stromal tumours
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A B C Fig. 4.67 Malignant Leydig ce
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A Fig. 4.73 A Sertoli cell tumour.
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ICD-O codes Granulosa cell tumour 8
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ICD-O code 8592/1 Clinical features
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A B Fig. 4.83 Germ cell-sex cord/go
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A Fig. 4.85 A, B Brenner tumour of
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typical grade III follicular morpho
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testicular parenchyma and tumour te
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A B the surgical scar and adjacent
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Immunoprofile Ordóñez and associa
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often have a grey-white cut surface
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Fig. 4.111 Angiomyofibroblastoma-li
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A B Fig. 4.119 Embryonal rhabdomyos
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Table 4.05 Secondary tumours of the
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A Fig. 5.04 A, B Squamous cell carc
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deformed by an exophytic mass. In s
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A B C Fig. 5.12 A Warty (condylomat
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A Fig. 5.20 Bowenoid papulosis. A,
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three had been circumcized by 9 yea
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Mesenchymal tumours J.F. Fetsch M.
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Fig. 5.31 Neurofibroma of the penis
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oectodermal tumour/Ewing sarcoma [p
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Secondary tumours of the penis C.J.
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Dr John N. EBLE* Dept. of Pathology
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Dr Ricardo PANIAGUA Department of C
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Source of charts and photographs 1.
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References 1. Anon. (1955). Case re
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115. Ariel I, Sughayer M, Fellig Y,
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246. Birt AR, Hogg GR, Dube WJ (197
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374. Cardone G, Malventi M, Roffi M
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502. Corti B, Carella R, Gabusi E,
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633. Donhuijsen K, Schmidt U, Richt
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768. Fischer J, Palmedo G, von Knob
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900. Goedert JJ, Cote TR, Virgo P,
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1028. Hartmann A, Dietmaier W, Hofs
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1424. Ladanyi M, Lui MY, Antonescu
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2070. Phillips G, Kumari-Subaiya S,
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2572. Tamboli P, Mohsin SK, Hailema
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2693. van Echten J, Timmer A, van d
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2816. Wick MR, Berg LC, Hertz MI (1
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2937. Zhuang Z, Park WS, Pack S, Sc
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CCNB, 226 CCND1, 105, 108 CCND2, 22
Page 351 and 352:
J Juvenile type granulosa cell tumo
Page 353 and 354:
Promoter methylation, 21 Prostate s
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Eble JN, Sauter G., Epstein JI, Sesterhenn IA - iarc

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