Eble JN, Sauter G., Epstein JI, Sesterhenn IA - iarc

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Clear cell sarcoma P. Argani Definition Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is a rare paediatric renal sarcoma with a propensity to metastasize to bone. ICD-O code 9044/3 Clinical features CCSK comprises approximately 3% of malignant paediatric renal tumours {114}. CCSK is not associated with Wilms tumourrelated syndromes or nephrogenic rests. The male to female ratio is 2:1. The mean age at diagnosis is 36 months. The frequency of osseous metastases led to the proposed name "bone metastasizing renal tumour of childhood" {1630}. Macroscopy CCSKs are typically large (mean diameter 11 cm) and centred in the renal medulla, and always unicentric. CCSK are unencapsulated but circumscribed, tan, soft, and mucoid, and almost always focally cystic. Histopathology The classic pattern of CCSK features nests or cords of cells separated by regularly spaced, arborizing fibrovascular septa {114,196,1311,1628,1629,1630, 1783}. The cord cells may be epithelioid or spindled, and are loosely separated by extracellular myxoid material that mimics clear cytoplasm. Nuclei are round to oval shaped, have fine chromatin, and lack prominent nucleoli. The septa may be thin, regularly branching "chicken-wire" capillaries, or thickened sheaths of fibroblastic cells surrounding a central capillary. While CCSKs are grossly circumscribed, they characteristically have subtly infiltrative borders, entrapping isolated native nephrons. CCSK has varied histopathologic pat- A B Fig. 1.78 Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney. A Classic pattern. B Acinar pattern mimicking nephroblastoma. A B Fig. 1.79 Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney. A Trabecular pattern. B Palisading pattern mimicking schwannoma. 56 Tumours of the kidney
A B Fig. 1.80 Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney. A Sclerosing pattern mimicking osteoid. B Myxoid pools and cellular septa. terns. Pools of acellular hyaluronic acid lead to the myxoid pattern {781}, while hyaline collagen simulating osteoid characterizes the sclerosing pattern. A cellular pattern mimics other paediatric small round blue cell tumours, whereas epithelioid (trabecular or pseudoacinar) patterns may mimic Wilms tumour. Prominent palisaded, spindled and storiform patterns mimic other sarcomas. Approximately 3% of CCSKs are anaplastic. Post-therapy recurrences may adopt deceptively-bland appearances simulating fibromatosis or myxoma {114,781}. Immunoprofile / Ultrastructure While vimentin and BCL2 are typically reactive, CCSK is uniformly negative with CD34, S100 protein, desmin, MIC2 (CD99), cytokeratin, and epithelial membrane antigen {114}. The cord cells of CCSK have a high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, with thin cytoplasmic extensions surrounding abundant extracellular matrix. The cytoplasm has scattered intermediate filaments {980}. Prognosis and predictive factors The survival of patients with CCSK has increased from only 20% up to 70% due in large part to the addition of adriamycin (doxorubicin) to chemotherapeutic protocols {114,935}. Nonetheless, metastases may occur as late as 10 years after initial diagnosis. While involvement of perirenal lymph nodes is common at diagnosis (29% of cases), bone metastases are the most common mode of recurrence {1628,1629}. CCSK is also distinguished from Wilms tumour by its proclivity to metastasize to unusual sites such as (in addition to bone) brain, soft tissue, and the orbit. Fig. 1.81 Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney. Cellular pattern mimicking Wilms tumour. Clear cell sarcoma 57
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World Health Organization Classific
Page 3 and 4: This volume was produced in collabo
Page 5 and 6: Contents 1 Tumours of the kidney 9
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 1 Tumours of the Kidney Can
Page 9 and 10: TNM classification of renal cell ca
Page 11 and 12: one quarter of kidney cancers in bo
Page 13 and 14: Familial renal cell carcinoma M.J.
Page 15 and 16: Table 1.02 Genotype - phenotype cor
Page 17 and 18: A B Fig. 1.11 A Multiple cutaneous
Page 19 and 20: A B Fig. 1.14 Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndr
Page 21 and 22: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma D.J
Page 23 and 24: Fig. 1.20 Clear cell renal cell car
Page 25 and 26: Papillary renal cell carcinoma B. D
Page 27 and 28: A B Fig. 1.29 Papillary renal cell
Page 29 and 30: Fig. 1.33 Chromophobe RCC with sarc
Page 31 and 32: Carcinoma of the collecting ducts o
Page 33 and 34: Renal medullary carcinoma C.J. Davi
Page 35 and 36: Renal carcinomas associated with Xp
Page 37 and 38: Renal cell carcinoma associated wit
Page 39 and 40: Papillary adenoma of the kidney J.N
Page 41 and 42: of this tumour. Microscopic extensi
Page 43 and 44: A B Fig. 1.59 Metanephric adenoma.
Page 45 and 46: esults in intratumoral aneurysms. O
Page 47 and 48: peritumoural fibrous pseudocapsule.
Page 49 and 50: increases in prevalence to approxim
Page 51 and 52: Nephrogenic rests and nephroblastom
Page 53: Cystic partially differentiated nep
Page 57 and 58: A B Fig. 1.85 Rhabdoid tumour of th
Page 59 and 60: transcription factor is fused to th
Page 61 and 62: Leiomyosarcoma S.M. Bonsib Definiti
Page 63 and 64: Angiomyolipoma G. Martignoni M.B. A
Page 65 and 66: melanocytic and smooth muscle marke
Page 67 and 68: Multinucleated and enlarged ganglio
Page 69 and 70: Haemangioma P. Tamboli Definition H
Page 71 and 72: Fig. 1.107 Juxtaglomerular cell tum
Page 73 and 74: Intrarenal schwannoma I. Alvarado-C
Page 75 and 76: Mixed epithelial and stromal tumour
Page 77 and 78: Synovial sarcoma of the kidney J.Y.
Page 79 and 80: Renal carcinoid tumour L.R. Bégin
Page 81 and 82: Primitive neuroectodermal tumour (E
Page 83 and 84: Paraganglioma / Phaeochromocytoma P
Page 85 and 86: Leukaemia A. Orazi Interstitial inf
Page 87 and 88: WHO histological classification of
Page 89 and 90: TNM classification of carcinomas of
Page 91 and 92: The risk of bladder cancer goes dow
Page 93 and 94: Tumour spread and staging Urinary b
Page 95 and 96: feature in such patients undergoing
Page 97 and 98: A Fig. 2.12 Infiltrative urothelial
Page 99 and 100: A Fig. 2.15 A Infiltrating urotheli
Page 101 and 102: A B Fig. 2.19 A Infiltrative urothe
Page 103 and 104: Fig. 2.23 Infiltrative urothelial c
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ing systems have been proposed on t
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Non-invasive urothelial tumours G.
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chronically inflamed urothelium and
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Inverted papilloma G. Sauter Defini
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muscle invasive disease, but there
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Fig. 2.42 Non-invasive urothelial n
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A Fig. 2.45 Non-invasive urothelial
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for DBCCR1 silencing {984,2476}. Th
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Squamous cell carcinoma D.J. Grigno
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Fig. 2.51 Squamous cell carcinoma.
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Adenocarcinoma A.G. Ayala P. Tambol
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A B Fig. 2.61 A Adenocarcinoma in s
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A B Fig. 2.65 Intramural urachal ca
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Müllerian origin is postulated for
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A Fig. 2.69 Small cell carcinoma. A
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Carcinoid L. Cheng Definition Carci
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Leiomyosarcoma J. Cheville Definiti
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Osteosarcoma L. Guillou Definition
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Leiomyoma J. Cheville Definition A
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Haemangioma L. Cheng Definition Hae
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Metastatic tumours and secondary ex
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Tumours of the renal pelvis and ure
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nodular, ulcerative or infiltrative
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Tumours of the urethra F. Hofstädt
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usually show enteric, colloid or si
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CHAPTER 3X Tumours of of the the Pr
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TNM classification of carcinomas of
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contrast, mortality among migrants
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Fig. 3.06 Transrectal ultrasound of
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PSA-related diagnostic strategies.
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A B C Fig. 3.10 A,B Section of pros
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pale-clear, similar to benign gland
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A B Fig. 3.20 A, B Adenocarcinoma w
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prostate adenocarcinomas exhibit AR
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A Fig. 3.27 A, B Foamy gland adenoc
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A B Fig. 3.32 A Sarcomatoid carcino
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A B Fig. 3.37 A Gleason score 1+1=2
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A B Fig. 3.43 A Prostate cancer Gle
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Fig. 3.48 Heat map-nature. From S.M
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Fig. 3.51 Prostate cancer. Major su
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many stage T1b cancers. Stage T2 Mo
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Fig. 3.58 Patterns of seminal vesic
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Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
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A B Fig. 3.63 A Micropapillary high
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A B Fig. 3.68 A Ductal carcinoma in
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Ductal adenocarcinoma X.J. Yang L.
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Papillary pattern can be seen in bo
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A B Fig. 3.74 A Inflammation withou
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Squamous neoplasms T.H. Van der Kwa
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Neuroendocrine tumours P.A. di Sant
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Mesenchymal tumours J. Cheville F.
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Fig. 3.89 Sarcoma of the prostate.
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Miscellaneous tumours P.H. Tan L. C
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A Fig. 3.96 A Adenocarcinoma of the
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WHO histological classification of
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Introduction F.K. Mostofi I.A. Sest
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wartime birth cohorts illustrate th
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Similar tumours as those of group 1
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crucial for the development of this
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A B Fig. 4.09 Spermatocytic seminom
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A B Fig. 4.14 Intratubular germ cel
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A B Fig. 4.19 Seminoma. A Typical s
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Fig. 4.24 Seminoma. Vascular invasi
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Fig. 4.28 Spermatocytic seminoma wi
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A B Fig. 4.33 Embryonal carcinoma.
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A B Fig. 4.38 Yolk sac tumour. A En
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have cytoplasmic lacunae that conta
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A Fig. 4.46 Teratoma. A Longitudina
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A B Fig. 4.51 A Cut surface of derm
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Fig. 4.54 Mixed germ cell tumour. L
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Sex cord / gonadal stromal tumours
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A B C Fig. 4.67 Malignant Leydig ce
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A Fig. 4.73 A Sertoli cell tumour.
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ICD-O codes Granulosa cell tumour 8
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ICD-O code 8592/1 Clinical features
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A B Fig. 4.83 Germ cell-sex cord/go
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A Fig. 4.85 A, B Brenner tumour of
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typical grade III follicular morpho
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testicular parenchyma and tumour te
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A B the surgical scar and adjacent
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Immunoprofile Ordóñez and associa
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often have a grey-white cut surface
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Fig. 4.111 Angiomyofibroblastoma-li
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A B Fig. 4.119 Embryonal rhabdomyos
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Table 4.05 Secondary tumours of the
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WHO histological classification of
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A Fig. 5.04 A, B Squamous cell carc
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deformed by an exophytic mass. In s
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A B C Fig. 5.12 A Warty (condylomat
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A Fig. 5.20 Bowenoid papulosis. A,
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three had been circumcized by 9 yea
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Mesenchymal tumours J.F. Fetsch M.
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Fig. 5.31 Neurofibroma of the penis
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oectodermal tumour/Ewing sarcoma [p
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Secondary tumours of the penis C.J.
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Dr John N. EBLE* Dept. of Pathology
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Dr Ricardo PANIAGUA Department of C
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Source of charts and photographs 1.
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References 1. Anon. (1955). Case re
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115. Ariel I, Sughayer M, Fellig Y,
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246. Birt AR, Hogg GR, Dube WJ (197
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374. Cardone G, Malventi M, Roffi M
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502. Corti B, Carella R, Gabusi E,
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633. Donhuijsen K, Schmidt U, Richt
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768. Fischer J, Palmedo G, von Knob
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900. Goedert JJ, Cote TR, Virgo P,
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1028. Hartmann A, Dietmaier W, Hofs
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2572. Tamboli P, Mohsin SK, Hailema
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2693. van Echten J, Timmer A, van d
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2816. Wick MR, Berg LC, Hertz MI (1
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2937. Zhuang Z, Park WS, Pack S, Sc
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CCNB, 226 CCND1, 105, 108 CCND2, 22
Page 351 and 352:
J Juvenile type granulosa cell tumo
Page 353 and 354:
Promoter methylation, 21 Prostate s
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Eble JN, Sauter G., Epstein JI, Sesterhenn IA - iarc

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