Eble JN, Sauter G., Epstein JI, Sesterhenn IA - iarc

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Haematolymphoid tumours K.A. Iczkowski A. Lopez-Beltran W.A. Sakr The prostate is a rare site of extranodal lymphoma with a total of 165 cases arising in or secondarily involving the prostate reported. Of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, 20% are reported to have prostate involvement at autopsy {2731}.The most frequent symptoms are those related to lower urinary obstruction. In a recent large series of 62 cases, 22, 30 and 10 cases were classified as primary, secondary and indeterminate respectively. Sixty cases were non- Hodgkin lymphoma (predominately diffuse large cell followed by small lymphocytic lymphoma). Rarely Hodgkin lymphoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma were reported {291,1216}. A Fig. 3.92 A Lymphocytic lymphoma. Small lympocyte - like cells infiltrate the prostatic stroma. B Diffuse large cell lymphoma labeled with CD20. B Secondary tumours involving the prostate M.C. Parkinson Definition Metastatic tumours arise outside of the prostate and spread to the gland by vascular channels. Contiguous spread from other pelvic tumours into the prostate does not constitute a metastasis. Haematolymphoid tumours of the prostate are discussed separately. Epidemiology True metastases from solid tumours were reported in 0.1% and 2.9% of all male postmortems {185,1699} and 1% and 6.3% of men in whom tumours caused death {1699,2930} and in 0.2% of all surgical prostatic specimens {185}. Lung was the most common primary site of metastases to the prostate {185}. In all series direct spread of bladder carcinoma is the commonest secondary prostatic tumour {185,2905}. Fig. 3.93 Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the prostate. Histopathology and prognosis Metastases from lung, skin (melanoma), gastrointestinal tract, kidney, testis and endocrine glands have been reported {185,2905,2930}. Clinical context, morphological features and immunocytochemical localization of PSA and PSAP clarify the differential diagnosis. Prognosis reflects the late stage of disease in which prostatic metastases are seen. 212 Tumours of the prostate
Miscellaneous tumours P.H. Tan L. Cheng M. Furusato C.C. Pan ICD-O codes Cystadenoma 8440/0 Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma) 8960/3 Malignant rhabdoid tumour 8963/3 Clear cell adenocarcinoma 8310/3 Melanoma of the prostate 8720/3 Paraganglioma 8680/1 Neuroblastoma 9500/3 Cystadenoma Also known as multilocular cyst or giant multilocular prostatic cystadenoma, it is a rare entity characterized by benign multilocular prostatic cysts that can enlarge massively. Affected men are aged 20-80 years, presenting with obstructive urinary symptoms, with or without a palpable abdominal mass {1324}. Postulated causes include obstruction, involutional atrophy {1594}, or retrovesical ectopic prostatic tissue with cystic change {2872}. It occurs between the bladder and the rectum {62,1501,1611,2872}, either separate from the prostate or attached to it by a pedicle. Similar lesions can be found within the prostate gland. Cystadenomas weigh up to 6,500 grams, ranging from 7.5 cm to 20 cm in size. They are well-circumscribed, resembling nodular hyperplasia with multiple cysts macroscopically. Atrophic prostatic epithelium lines the cysts, reacting with antibodies to PSA and PSAP, with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia reported in one case {62}. When cystadenomas occur within the prostate, distinction from cystic nodular hyperplasia may be difficult. Intraprostatic cystadenoma should be diagnosed only when half the prostate appears normal, while the remaining gland is enlarged by a solitary encapsulated cystic nodule {1323,1704}. Prostatic cystadenomas are not biologically aggressive {1611}, but can recur if incompletely excised. Extensive surgery may be necessary because of their large size and impingement on surrounding structures. Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma) Wilms tumour rarely occurs in the prostate {386}. Malignant rhabdoid tumour Malignant rhabdoid tumour may be found in the prostate {673}. Germ cell tumours Primary germ cell tumours of the prostate have been rarely described {1046,1725, 2586}. It is critical to exclude a metastasis from a testicular primary. Clear cell adenocarcinoma Clear cell adenocarcinoma resembling those seen in the Müllerian system may affect the prostate. It can develop from the prostatic urethra {636}, Müllerian derivatives such as Müllerian duct cyst {874}, or exceptionally, from the peripheral parenchyma {2004}. Histologically, it is composed of tubulocystic or papillary structures lined by cuboidal or hobnail cells with clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm. The tumour cells immunohistochemically do not express prostate specific antigen and prostate acid phosphatase, but may express CA-125. The patient may have elevated serum level of CA-125. Melanoma of the prostate Primary malignant melanomas of the prostate are extremely rare {2493}. Malignant melanoma of the prostate should be distinguished from melanosis and cellular blue nevus of the prostate {2208}. Paraganglioma Several case reports of paragangliomas originating in the prostate have been reported, including one in a child {599, 2747}. Although extra-adrenal paragan- A B Fig. 3.94 Cystadenoma. A CT scan showing a large multinucleated cystic mass within the pelvis, consistent with prostatic cystadenoma. B Gross section discloses large multicystic tumour. Haematolymphoid tumours /Secondary tumours involving the prostate / Miscellaneous tumours 213
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World Health Organization Classific
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This volume was produced in collabo
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Contents 1 Tumours of the kidney 9
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CHAPTER 1 Tumours of the Kidney Can
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TNM classification of renal cell ca
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one quarter of kidney cancers in bo
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Familial renal cell carcinoma M.J.
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Table 1.02 Genotype - phenotype cor
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A B Fig. 1.11 A Multiple cutaneous
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A B Fig. 1.14 Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndr
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Clear cell renal cell carcinoma D.J
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Fig. 1.20 Clear cell renal cell car
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Papillary renal cell carcinoma B. D
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A B Fig. 1.29 Papillary renal cell
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Fig. 1.33 Chromophobe RCC with sarc
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Carcinoma of the collecting ducts o
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Renal medullary carcinoma C.J. Davi
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Renal carcinomas associated with Xp
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Renal cell carcinoma associated wit
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Papillary adenoma of the kidney J.N
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of this tumour. Microscopic extensi
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A B Fig. 1.59 Metanephric adenoma.
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esults in intratumoral aneurysms. O
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peritumoural fibrous pseudocapsule.
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increases in prevalence to approxim
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Nephrogenic rests and nephroblastom
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Cystic partially differentiated nep
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A B Fig. 1.80 Clear cell sarcoma of
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A B Fig. 1.85 Rhabdoid tumour of th
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transcription factor is fused to th
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Leiomyosarcoma S.M. Bonsib Definiti
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Angiomyolipoma G. Martignoni M.B. A
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melanocytic and smooth muscle marke
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Multinucleated and enlarged ganglio
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Haemangioma P. Tamboli Definition H
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Fig. 1.107 Juxtaglomerular cell tum
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Intrarenal schwannoma I. Alvarado-C
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Mixed epithelial and stromal tumour
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Synovial sarcoma of the kidney J.Y.
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Renal carcinoid tumour L.R. Bégin
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Primitive neuroectodermal tumour (E
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Paraganglioma / Phaeochromocytoma P
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Leukaemia A. Orazi Interstitial inf
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WHO histological classification of
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TNM classification of carcinomas of
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The risk of bladder cancer goes dow
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Tumour spread and staging Urinary b
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feature in such patients undergoing
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A Fig. 2.12 Infiltrative urothelial
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A Fig. 2.15 A Infiltrating urotheli
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A B Fig. 2.19 A Infiltrative urothe
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Fig. 2.23 Infiltrative urothelial c
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ing systems have been proposed on t
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Non-invasive urothelial tumours G.
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chronically inflamed urothelium and
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Inverted papilloma G. Sauter Defini
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muscle invasive disease, but there
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Fig. 2.42 Non-invasive urothelial n
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A Fig. 2.45 Non-invasive urothelial
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for DBCCR1 silencing {984,2476}. Th
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Squamous cell carcinoma D.J. Grigno
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Fig. 2.51 Squamous cell carcinoma.
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Adenocarcinoma A.G. Ayala P. Tambol
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A B Fig. 2.61 A Adenocarcinoma in s
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A B Fig. 2.65 Intramural urachal ca
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Müllerian origin is postulated for
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A Fig. 2.69 Small cell carcinoma. A
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Carcinoid L. Cheng Definition Carci
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Leiomyosarcoma J. Cheville Definiti
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Osteosarcoma L. Guillou Definition
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Leiomyoma J. Cheville Definition A
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Haemangioma L. Cheng Definition Hae
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Metastatic tumours and secondary ex
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Tumours of the renal pelvis and ure
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nodular, ulcerative or infiltrative
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Tumours of the urethra F. Hofstädt
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usually show enteric, colloid or si
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CHAPTER 3X Tumours of of the the Pr
Page 157 and 158: TNM classification of carcinomas of
Page 159 and 160: contrast, mortality among migrants
Page 161 and 162: Fig. 3.06 Transrectal ultrasound of
Page 163 and 164: PSA-related diagnostic strategies.
Page 165 and 166: A B C Fig. 3.10 A,B Section of pros
Page 167 and 168: pale-clear, similar to benign gland
Page 169 and 170: A B Fig. 3.20 A, B Adenocarcinoma w
Page 171 and 172: prostate adenocarcinomas exhibit AR
Page 173 and 174: A Fig. 3.27 A, B Foamy gland adenoc
Page 175 and 176: A B Fig. 3.32 A Sarcomatoid carcino
Page 177 and 178: A B Fig. 3.37 A Gleason score 1+1=2
Page 179 and 180: A B Fig. 3.43 A Prostate cancer Gle
Page 181 and 182: Fig. 3.48 Heat map-nature. From S.M
Page 183 and 184: Fig. 3.51 Prostate cancer. Major su
Page 185 and 186: many stage T1b cancers. Stage T2 Mo
Page 187 and 188: Fig. 3.58 Patterns of seminal vesic
Page 189 and 190: Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
Page 191 and 192: A B Fig. 3.63 A Micropapillary high
Page 193 and 194: A B Fig. 3.68 A Ductal carcinoma in
Page 195 and 196: Ductal adenocarcinoma X.J. Yang L.
Page 197 and 198: Papillary pattern can be seen in bo
Page 199 and 200: A B Fig. 3.74 A Inflammation withou
Page 201 and 202: Squamous neoplasms T.H. Van der Kwa
Page 203 and 204: Neuroendocrine tumours P.A. di Sant
Page 205 and 206: Mesenchymal tumours J. Cheville F.
Page 207: Fig. 3.89 Sarcoma of the prostate.
Page 211 and 212: A Fig. 3.96 A Adenocarcinoma of the
Page 213 and 214: WHO histological classification of
Page 215 and 216: Introduction F.K. Mostofi I.A. Sest
Page 217 and 218: wartime birth cohorts illustrate th
Page 219 and 220: Similar tumours as those of group 1
Page 221 and 222: crucial for the development of this
Page 223 and 224: A B Fig. 4.09 Spermatocytic seminom
Page 225 and 226: A B Fig. 4.14 Intratubular germ cel
Page 227 and 228: A B Fig. 4.19 Seminoma. A Typical s
Page 229 and 230: Fig. 4.24 Seminoma. Vascular invasi
Page 231 and 232: Fig. 4.28 Spermatocytic seminoma wi
Page 233 and 234: A B Fig. 4.33 Embryonal carcinoma.
Page 235 and 236: A B Fig. 4.38 Yolk sac tumour. A En
Page 237 and 238: have cytoplasmic lacunae that conta
Page 239 and 240: A Fig. 4.46 Teratoma. A Longitudina
Page 241 and 242: A B Fig. 4.51 A Cut surface of derm
Page 243 and 244: Fig. 4.54 Mixed germ cell tumour. L
Page 245 and 246: Sex cord / gonadal stromal tumours
Page 247 and 248: A B C Fig. 4.67 Malignant Leydig ce
Page 249 and 250: A Fig. 4.73 A Sertoli cell tumour.
Page 251 and 252: ICD-O codes Granulosa cell tumour 8
Page 253 and 254: ICD-O code 8592/1 Clinical features
Page 255 and 256: A B Fig. 4.83 Germ cell-sex cord/go
Page 257 and 258: A Fig. 4.85 A, B Brenner tumour of
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typical grade III follicular morpho
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testicular parenchyma and tumour te
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A B the surgical scar and adjacent
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Immunoprofile Ordóñez and associa
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often have a grey-white cut surface
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Fig. 4.111 Angiomyofibroblastoma-li
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A B Fig. 4.119 Embryonal rhabdomyos
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Table 4.05 Secondary tumours of the
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WHO histological classification of
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A Fig. 5.04 A, B Squamous cell carc
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deformed by an exophytic mass. In s
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A B C Fig. 5.12 A Warty (condylomat
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A Fig. 5.20 Bowenoid papulosis. A,
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three had been circumcized by 9 yea
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Mesenchymal tumours J.F. Fetsch M.
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Fig. 5.31 Neurofibroma of the penis
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oectodermal tumour/Ewing sarcoma [p
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Secondary tumours of the penis C.J.
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Dr John N. EBLE* Dept. of Pathology
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Dr Ricardo PANIAGUA Department of C
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Source of charts and photographs 1.
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References 1. Anon. (1955). Case re
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115. Ariel I, Sughayer M, Fellig Y,
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246. Birt AR, Hogg GR, Dube WJ (197
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374. Cardone G, Malventi M, Roffi M
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502. Corti B, Carella R, Gabusi E,
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633. Donhuijsen K, Schmidt U, Richt
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768. Fischer J, Palmedo G, von Knob
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900. Goedert JJ, Cote TR, Virgo P,
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1028. Hartmann A, Dietmaier W, Hofs
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1162. Iezzoni JC, Fechner RE, Wong
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1293. Keetch DW, Catalona WJ (1995)
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1424. Ladanyi M, Lui MY, Antonescu
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1548. Lopez-Beltran A, Croghan GA,
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1681. McLaughlin JK, Silverman DT,
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1816. Moudouni SM, En-Nia I, Rioux-
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1945. Ohori M, Wheeler TM, Kattan M
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2070. Phillips G, Kumari-Subaiya S,
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2199. Riou G, Barrois M, Prost S, T
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2327. Schmidt L, Junker K, Weirich
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2450. Smith G, Elton RA, Beynon LL,
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2572. Tamboli P, Mohsin SK, Hailema
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2693. van Echten J, Timmer A, van d
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2816. Wick MR, Berg LC, Hertz MI (1
Page 347 and 348:
2937. Zhuang Z, Park WS, Pack S, Sc
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CCNB, 226 CCND1, 105, 108 CCND2, 22
Page 351 and 352:
J Juvenile type granulosa cell tumo
Page 353 and 354:
Promoter methylation, 21 Prostate s
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