Multiple leiomyomas of the skin, 18 Multiple renal tumours, 20 MYBL2, 108, 226 MYCL1, 226 MYCN, 226 Myf4, 277 MyoD1, 139, 276, 277 Myointimoma, 293-297 Myxofibrosarcoma, 293, 297 Myxoid chondrosarcoma, 37 Myxoma, 57 N N-acetyltransferase 2, 13 Nelson syndrome, 252 Neonatal jaundice, 223 Nephroblastic tumours, 10 Nephroblastoma, 12, 48-56, 87, 213, 218, 247, 263, 279 Nephroblastomatosis, 53, 54 Nephrogenic adenoma, 78, 99, 133, 156, 172 Nephrogenic metaplasia, 99 Nephrogenic rests, 10, 53 Nested variant of urothelial carcinoma, 99, 138 Neuroblastoma, 10, 39, 52, 84, 160, 213, 214, 247, 279 Neuroendocrine carcinoma, 10, 82, 135, 136, 248 Neuroendocrine tumours, 10, 16, 90, 153, 160, 172, 207 Neurofibroma, 145, 153, 258, 274, 293- 297 Neurofibromatosis, 51 Neurofibromatosis type 1, 145 Neuron specific enolase, 51, 66, 84, 138, 207, 273 NF2, 296 Nodular mesothelial hyperplasia, 270 Non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma, high grade, 90, 117 Non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma, low grade, 90, 104, 116 Non-invasive papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential, 90 Non-invasive urothelial neoplasia, 123 Non-invasive urothelial tumours, 110 Non-keratinizing squamous metaplasia, 114 NonO (p54NRB), 37 Normal urothelium, 112 Normocytic anaemia, 13 NRC-1, 25 NSE, 84, 274 NTRK3, 60 Nuclear grooves, 41, 258 O Obesity, 9, 13, 95, 164 Omphalocele, 52 Oncocyte, 42 Oncocytic tumour, 18, 21 Oncocytic variant, prostate carcinoma, 177 Oncocytoma, 10, 15, 39, 42, 43, 65, 66 Oncocytomatosis, 43 Oncocytosis, 43 Orchioblastoma, 238 ORTI, 62 Osseous metaplasia, 26, 44, 142 Ossifying renal tumour of infancy, 62 Ossifying renal tumour of infants, 10 Osteosarcoma, 63, 90, 102, 103, 142, 144, 153, 178, 209, 211, 247, 293, 297 Overweight, 12 P p14ARF, 121, 123 p15, 103, 107, 108, 121, 228 p16, 21, 107, 121, 130 p27, 17, 109, 122, 186, 187, 197 p63, 117, 118, 123, 174 Paget disease, 172, 281, 282, 285, 290, 291 PAP, See Prostatic acid phosphatase Papillary adenoma, 10, 41 Papillary carcinoma, 28, 281, 284, 287 Papillary necrosis, 151 Papillary renal adenomas, 41 Papillary renal cell carcinoma, 10, 15, 18, 27-29 Papillary serous carcinoma of the ovary, 100 Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential, 104, 115, 116 Paraganglioma, 85, 90, 99, 136-138, 160, 213, 218, 263 Paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes, 13 Paratesticular liposarcoma, 275, 276 Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma, 275, 277 Parity, 13 Penile melanosis, 292 Perilobar nephrogenic rest, 53 Peripheral neuroectodermal tumour, 52 Peripheral neuroepithelioma, 247 Peritumoural fibrous pseudocapsule, 49, 53, 54 Perlman syndrome, 51 Pesticides, 12 Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, 253-255 Peyrone disease, 298 Phaeochromocytoma, 10, 15, 17, 85, 136, 153, 214 Phenacetin, 13, 94, 151 Phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (PI3K), 61 PI3/Akt, 186 PIN, See Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia Placental alkaline phosphatase, 100, 229-238, 243, 245, 247, 249, 255, 256, 260, 261 Placental site trophoblastic tumour, 218, 243 PLAP, See Placental alkaline phosphatase Plasmacytoid carcinoma, 135 Plasmacytoid variant, urothelial carcinoma, 101 Plasmacytoma, 10, 86, 90, 101, 102, 147, 153, 157, 264, 265 Platelet-derived growth factor beta, 17 Pleuropulmonary blastoma, 76 PNET, 58, 59, 83, 84, 245-248, 279 Pneumothorax, 15, 20 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 13 Polycythemia, 44, 48 Polyembryoma, 221, 247, 248, 250 Polyvesicular vitelline, 240, 242 Post-atrophic hyperplasia, prostate, 173, 175 Postoperative spindle cell nodule/tumour, 140, 145 Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease, 147 PRCC, 15, 27, 28, 37 PRCC-TFE3 renal carcinomas, 37 Priapism, 298, 299 Primitive neuroectodermal tumour, 10, 83, 245, 246 Prolactin, 14 Promontory sign, 296 Subject index 357
Promoter methylation, 21 Prostate specific antigen, 154, 159, 161, 163-169, 172, 174, 177-179, 188- 190, 192, 194, 198, 199, 201-208, 212-214, 278 Prostate specific membrane antigen, 167, 172 Prostatic acid phosphatase, 81, 167, 172, 177, 178, 201, 204, 205, 208, 214 Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, 160, 174, 180, 186-188, 193-198 Protein degredation, 17 PSA, See Prostate specific antigen Psammoma bodies, 37, 41, 44, 45, 100, 252 Pseudoglandular spaces, 98 Pseudohermaphroditism, 51 Pseudohyperparathyroidism, 13 Pseudohyperplastic prostate cancer, 175 Pseudosarcomatous stromal reaction, 97 PTEN, 25, 32, 107, 185, 187 Pulmonary cysts, 20, 21 PUNLMP, 110, 113, 115-117, 122 Purkinje cells, 16 Pushing margin, 23 pVHL, 15, 16, 17 Pyogenic granuloma, 141 R Ras, 61, 122 RASSF1A, 25 RB1, 107 Rbx1, 17 RCC17, 37 Reactive atypia, 112 Reinke crystals, 251, 252 Renal adenomatosis, 41 Renal angiosarcoma, 64 Renal carcinoid tumour, 81 Renal carcinoma, 30, 52 Renal cell cancer, 12-31, 38, 39, 65, 299 Renal cell carcinoma, 14-34, 39, 41, 43, 65, 68, 75, 212, 279, 299 Renal Cell Carcinoma Marker antigen, 37 Renal cell carcinoma, unclassified, 10, 43 Renal failure, 67, 85, 147 Renal medullary carcinoma, 10, 35 Renal oncocytoma, 20, 42 Renal osteosarcoma, 63 Renin, 13, 48, 67, 72, 73 Renomedullary interstitial cell tumour, 10, 74 Retained placenta, 223 Rete adenomas, 256 Rete testis carcinoma, 266 Retina, 15, 16 Retinal anlage tumour, 272 Retinoblastoma, 107, 109, 122 Retrograde metastasis, 23 Rhabdoid cells, 79 Rhabdoid tumour, 10, 52, 58, 59, 160, 213 Rhabdoid tumour of the kidney (RTK), 58 Rhabdomyosarcoma, 102, 139, 145, 153, 160, 178, 209-211, 236, 248, 270, 274-277, 293, 296, 297 RNASEL, 184, 186 RTK, 58, 59 S S. haematobium, 124, 125, 130 S100 protein, 27, 47, 57, 66, 84, 137, 145, 146, 206, 247, 252, 254, 256- 259, 271, 273, 295 Sarcomatoid carcinoma, 64, 102, 108, 140, 142, 144, 153, 155, 157, 160, 178, 179, 236, 287, 288 Sarcomatoid change, 23, 43 Sarcomatoid variant, urothelial carcinoma, 102 Schiller-Duval bodies, 240 Schistosoma haematobium, 94, 124, 125, 130 Schistosoma japonicum, 124 Schistosoma mansoni, 124 Schistosomiasis, 124-127, 130, 142, 147, 205 Schwannoma, 56, 75, 153, 274, 293, 294, 295, 297 Sclerosing adenosis, 173 Sclerosing Sertoli cell tumour, 218, 253, 255 Sebaceous carcinoma, 281, 288 Seminoma, 160, 221-240, 244-249, 255, 256, 260 Seminoma with syncytiotrophoblastic cells, 218, 233 Serotonin, 138, 207 Serous carcinoma, 218 Serous tumour of borderline malignancy, 218 Sertoli cell tumour, 218, 232, 238, 253- 256, 258, 266 Sertoli cell tumour, lipid rich variant, 218 Serum alkaline phosphatase, 13 Sickle cell trait, 35 Signet-ring variant, 195 Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, 51 SIOP, 48, 49, 52 Skene glands, 90, 155 SMAD4, 225 Small cell carcinoma, 90, 135, 136, 153, 160, 207, 208, 281, 288 Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, 207 Small cell neuroendocrine variant, PIN, 196 Smooth muscle actin, 66, 69, 102, 144, 206, 257, 258, 259, 295, 296 Soft tissue alveolar soft part sarcoma, 37 Solitary fibrous tumour, 10, 75, 144, 160, 209, 211, 215, 258 Sotos syndrome, 51 Soya bean agglutinins, 40 Spermatocytic seminoma, 218, 221, 223-225, 229, 234-237 Spermatocytic seminoma with sarcoma, 218, 236, 237 Spermatogenesis, 230 Spermatogenic arrest, 231 Spermatogonia, 223, 230, 231 Spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma, 275, 277 Squamous cell carcinoma, 90, 124-127, 153-156, 160, 205, 281-290 Squamous cell papilloma, 90, 127 SRD5A2, 164 SSX family gene, 80 Steroid 5-alpha reductase type II, 164 Stromal proliferations of uncertain malignant potential of the prostate, 209 Stromal sarcoma, 160, 209 Stromal tumour of uncertain malignant potential, 160, 209 STUMP, 209, 210 Sturge-Weber syndrome, 71, 146 Sustentacular cells, 85, 136, 137 Synaptophysin, 81, 82, 84, 85, 137, 138, 196, 207, 247, 273 Syncytiotrophoblastic cells, 103, 238, 243, 244, 249 358 Subject index
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World Health Organization Classific
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This volume was produced in collabo
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Contents 1 Tumours of the kidney 9
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CHAPTER 1 Tumours of the Kidney Can
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TNM classification of renal cell ca
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one quarter of kidney cancers in bo
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Familial renal cell carcinoma M.J.
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Table 1.02 Genotype - phenotype cor
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A B Fig. 1.11 A Multiple cutaneous
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A B Fig. 1.14 Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndr
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Clear cell renal cell carcinoma D.J
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Fig. 1.20 Clear cell renal cell car
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Papillary renal cell carcinoma B. D
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A B Fig. 1.29 Papillary renal cell
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Fig. 1.33 Chromophobe RCC with sarc
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Carcinoma of the collecting ducts o
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Renal medullary carcinoma C.J. Davi
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Renal carcinomas associated with Xp
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Renal cell carcinoma associated wit
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Papillary adenoma of the kidney J.N
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of this tumour. Microscopic extensi
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A B Fig. 1.59 Metanephric adenoma.
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esults in intratumoral aneurysms. O
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peritumoural fibrous pseudocapsule.
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increases in prevalence to approxim
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Nephrogenic rests and nephroblastom
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Cystic partially differentiated nep
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A B Fig. 1.80 Clear cell sarcoma of
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A B Fig. 1.85 Rhabdoid tumour of th
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transcription factor is fused to th
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Leiomyosarcoma S.M. Bonsib Definiti
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Angiomyolipoma G. Martignoni M.B. A
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melanocytic and smooth muscle marke
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Multinucleated and enlarged ganglio
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Haemangioma P. Tamboli Definition H
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Fig. 1.107 Juxtaglomerular cell tum
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Intrarenal schwannoma I. Alvarado-C
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Mixed epithelial and stromal tumour
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Synovial sarcoma of the kidney J.Y.
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Renal carcinoid tumour L.R. Bégin
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Primitive neuroectodermal tumour (E
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Paraganglioma / Phaeochromocytoma P
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Leukaemia A. Orazi Interstitial inf
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WHO histological classification of
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TNM classification of carcinomas of
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The risk of bladder cancer goes dow
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Tumour spread and staging Urinary b
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feature in such patients undergoing
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A Fig. 2.12 Infiltrative urothelial
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A Fig. 2.15 A Infiltrating urotheli
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A B Fig. 2.19 A Infiltrative urothe
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Fig. 2.23 Infiltrative urothelial c
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ing systems have been proposed on t
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Non-invasive urothelial tumours G.
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chronically inflamed urothelium and
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Inverted papilloma G. Sauter Defini
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muscle invasive disease, but there
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Fig. 2.42 Non-invasive urothelial n
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A Fig. 2.45 Non-invasive urothelial
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for DBCCR1 silencing {984,2476}. Th
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Squamous cell carcinoma D.J. Grigno
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Fig. 2.51 Squamous cell carcinoma.
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Adenocarcinoma A.G. Ayala P. Tambol
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A B Fig. 2.61 A Adenocarcinoma in s
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A B Fig. 2.65 Intramural urachal ca
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Müllerian origin is postulated for
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A Fig. 2.69 Small cell carcinoma. A
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Carcinoid L. Cheng Definition Carci
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Leiomyosarcoma J. Cheville Definiti
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Osteosarcoma L. Guillou Definition
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Leiomyoma J. Cheville Definition A
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Haemangioma L. Cheng Definition Hae
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Metastatic tumours and secondary ex
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Tumours of the renal pelvis and ure
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nodular, ulcerative or infiltrative
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Tumours of the urethra F. Hofstädt
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usually show enteric, colloid or si
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CHAPTER 3X Tumours of of the the Pr
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TNM classification of carcinomas of
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contrast, mortality among migrants
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Fig. 3.06 Transrectal ultrasound of
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PSA-related diagnostic strategies.
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A B C Fig. 3.10 A,B Section of pros
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pale-clear, similar to benign gland
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A B Fig. 3.20 A, B Adenocarcinoma w
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prostate adenocarcinomas exhibit AR
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A Fig. 3.27 A, B Foamy gland adenoc
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A B Fig. 3.32 A Sarcomatoid carcino
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A B Fig. 3.37 A Gleason score 1+1=2
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A B Fig. 3.43 A Prostate cancer Gle
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Fig. 3.48 Heat map-nature. From S.M
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Fig. 3.51 Prostate cancer. Major su
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many stage T1b cancers. Stage T2 Mo
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Fig. 3.58 Patterns of seminal vesic
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Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
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A B Fig. 3.63 A Micropapillary high
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A B Fig. 3.68 A Ductal carcinoma in
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Ductal adenocarcinoma X.J. Yang L.
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Papillary pattern can be seen in bo
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A B Fig. 3.74 A Inflammation withou
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Squamous neoplasms T.H. Van der Kwa
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Neuroendocrine tumours P.A. di Sant
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Mesenchymal tumours J. Cheville F.
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Fig. 3.89 Sarcoma of the prostate.
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Miscellaneous tumours P.H. Tan L. C
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A Fig. 3.96 A Adenocarcinoma of the
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WHO histological classification of
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Introduction F.K. Mostofi I.A. Sest
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wartime birth cohorts illustrate th
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Similar tumours as those of group 1
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crucial for the development of this
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A B Fig. 4.09 Spermatocytic seminom
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A B Fig. 4.14 Intratubular germ cel
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A B Fig. 4.19 Seminoma. A Typical s
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Fig. 4.24 Seminoma. Vascular invasi
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Fig. 4.28 Spermatocytic seminoma wi
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A B Fig. 4.33 Embryonal carcinoma.
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A B Fig. 4.38 Yolk sac tumour. A En
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have cytoplasmic lacunae that conta
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A Fig. 4.46 Teratoma. A Longitudina
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A B Fig. 4.51 A Cut surface of derm
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Fig. 4.54 Mixed germ cell tumour. L
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Sex cord / gonadal stromal tumours
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A B C Fig. 4.67 Malignant Leydig ce
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A Fig. 4.73 A Sertoli cell tumour.
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ICD-O codes Granulosa cell tumour 8
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ICD-O code 8592/1 Clinical features
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A B Fig. 4.83 Germ cell-sex cord/go
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A Fig. 4.85 A, B Brenner tumour of
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typical grade III follicular morpho
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testicular parenchyma and tumour te
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A B the surgical scar and adjacent
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Immunoprofile Ordóñez and associa
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often have a grey-white cut surface
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Fig. 4.111 Angiomyofibroblastoma-li
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A B Fig. 4.119 Embryonal rhabdomyos
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Table 4.05 Secondary tumours of the
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WHO histological classification of
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A Fig. 5.04 A, B Squamous cell carc
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deformed by an exophytic mass. In s
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A B C Fig. 5.12 A Warty (condylomat
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A Fig. 5.20 Bowenoid papulosis. A,
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three had been circumcized by 9 yea
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Mesenchymal tumours J.F. Fetsch M.
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Fig. 5.31 Neurofibroma of the penis
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oectodermal tumour/Ewing sarcoma [p
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Secondary tumours of the penis C.J.
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Dr John N. EBLE* Dept. of Pathology
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Dr Ricardo PANIAGUA Department of C
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Source of charts and photographs 1.
- Page 301 and 302: References 1. Anon. (1955). Case re
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- Page 305 and 306: 246. Birt AR, Hogg GR, Dube WJ (197
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- Page 309 and 310: 502. Corti B, Carella R, Gabusi E,
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- Page 345 and 346: 2816. Wick MR, Berg LC, Hertz MI (1
- Page 347 and 348: 2937. Zhuang Z, Park WS, Pack S, Sc
- Page 349 and 350: CCNB, 226 CCND1, 105, 108 CCND2, 22
- Page 351: J Juvenile type granulosa cell tumo