Yellowstone's Northern Range - Greater Yellowstone Science ...

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AppendixA. Conferences, Meetings, and Workshops Relating to the Northern Range Meetings, workshops, sessions, and conferences held relating to northern range research since Congressionally funded research initiative began in 1986. First annual meeting of research and monitoring on Yellowstone's northern range, January 28-29, 1988, Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park (abstracts bound and distributed). Second annual meeting of research and monitoring on Yellowstone's northern range, March 22-23, 1989, Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park (abstracts bound and distributed). Yellowstone riparian work group, meeting, spring, 1989 (final report submitted to Yellowstone Superintendent Robert Barbee, July 9, 1990). Third annual meeting, research and monitoring on Yellowstone's northern range, April 5-7, 1990, Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park (abstracts bound and distributed). Riparian investigation meeting, February 19, 1991, Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park (report produced with recommendations). Plants and their environments: the first biennial scientific conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, September 16-17, 1991, Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park (proceedings published, April 1994). The ecological implications of fire in Greater Yellowstone: second biennial scientific conference on the Greater·Yellowstone Ecosystem, September 19-21, 1993, Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park (proceedings published, 1996). Greater Yellowstone predators: ecology and conservation in a changing landscape, third biennial scientific conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, September 24-27, 1995, Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park (abstracts published and distributed at conference, proceedings (Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative, publisher) in press, and book of invited papers in preparation). Ecological Society of America, Wildlife management in the U.S. National Park system: the self-regulation theory revisited, August 13, 1996, Providence, Rhode Island (papers submitted for future ESA pUblication). 108
Appendix B. Ungulate Counts and Estimates Estimates of elk numbers in Yellowstone, 1890-1920. Detailed treatment of each is given in Houston 1982. y,,, Estimate Comment Source 1890 2,000·3,000 "in the neighborhood of Soda Butte last winter." Supt. Boutelle. 1891 25,000 Houston indicates this is a summer estimate for multiple herds throughout the park. Supt. Anderson 1892 25,000 Also believed a summer estimate .. "The very severe winter was hard on them, and I judge that from 2,000-5,000 perished." Supt. Anderson 1893 "In winter ... That there are several thousand elk in the Park and adjoining country is quite certain .. ," Geologist Hague 1894 "A party sent Qut to Yancey's to investigate .. in March saw at least 3,000 if them at one time from a single point of view." Acting Supt. Anderson 1895 "The elk have quite held their own or increased their numbers ... " Acting Supt. Anderson 1896 "During the spring months the elk are found in their several winter ranges in herds of thousands." Acting Supt. Anderson 1897 "1 believe that more than 5,000 winter in the park, and that at least 15,000 leave the park in autumn to winter in the lower country ... Of those that winter in the park, the largest herd ranges north of the Yellowstone River ... " Cavalry Lt. Lindsley in Young 1897 1898 "Elk-Numerous, and are increasing .. Jmmense herds can be seen in nearly any direction in winter ... " Acting Supt. Erwin 1899 35,000·60,000 Apparently a parkwide summer estimate. "Some of the scouts ... estimate that as many as 5,000 died during the past winter." Acting Supt. Brown 1900 "1 have the assurance of the scouts, who have seen the game at all seasons, that, with the exception of the bison .. all varieties, including .. elk..are increasing ... " Acting Supt. Goode 1901 "The elk are very numerous, but unless something is done to prevent the encroachment of settlers on their winter range south of the park and the slaughter of them .. .it is possible they will soon be reduced to the number that can live entirely within the ... park and this number I believe to be about 25,000." Acting Supt. Pitcher 1907 25,000 "Seems to be a safe estimate." Supt. Young 1908 25,000·30,000 "They seem to do fairly well in the ordinary winter but when tile snow falls to an unusual depth-say one winter in four-many perish." Supt. Young 1909 30,000·40,000 Apparently a parkwide summer estimate. Supt. Benson 1910 30,000-40,000 Apparently a parkwide summer estimate. "Many of tllese elk wander out of the park into the adjoining states and a few of them are there killed during the hunting season." Supt. Benson 1911 "Elk in certain portions of the park are very numerous, and are numbered by thousands both in winter and summer." Supt. Brett 1912 30,101 Houston reports that this and the following two censuses apparently included elk wintering along the Gallatin and Madison rivers and their tributaries. Review of methods and procedures cast serious doubt on their accuracy. "During last April an approximate census was taken ... along the northern border of the park. Twenty-seven thousand eight hundred and one animals were counted inside the park and 2,300 were observed outside and therefore belonging to the same herd ..." Supt. Brett
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YELLOW"STONE'S NORTHERN RANGE COMPL
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Suggested citation: Yellowstone Nat
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c=J Northern Winter Range _ Boundar
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Aspen, willows, and biodiversity ..
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vii
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THE NORTHERN RANGE xii range criter
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 2 Figure 1.1. Ph
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THE NORTHERN RANGE tion. There was
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 6 Figure 1.6. Gr
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 8 Figure 1.8. El
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 10 unpopular or
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 12 earlier Yello
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 16 Northern rang
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Figure 2.3. Sum ot rotal annual riv
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 20 Figure 2.4 Tr
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 22 dendrochronol
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 24 Figure 2.7. A
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 26 et al. (1991)
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 28 earlier time,
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.', P (/ i0~ , • 9 ~ § , , ~ , i
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 32 systems-range
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 34 indicates the
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 36 Data were gat
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 38 grazed and un
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THE NORTHERN RANGE showed that graz
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, ~ , • V , '. ~ ;' t ~ " ~ .' .~
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Figure 4.1. Northern range, showing
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Figure 4.2. Willow distribution in
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 48 Figure 4.4. I
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 50 public lands,
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THE NORTIlERN RANGE 52 Figure 4.5.
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 54 able uncertai
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 56 to confirm an
Page 74: THE NORTHERN RANGE 58 RESEARCH RECO
Page 77 and 78: SOIL, EROSION, SEDIMENTS, AND WATER
Page 79 and 80: SOIL, EROSION, SEDIMENTS, AND WATER
Page 81 and 82: ated with ungulate winter ranges. T
Page 83 and 84: ELK POPULATION ISSUES IS YELLOWSTON
Page 85 and 86: ange grazing issue, Yellowstone man
Page 87 and 88: ELK POPULATION ISSUES 71 ... Other
Page 89 and 90: ELK POPULATION ISSUES 73 1996d), so
Page 91 and 92: ELK POPULATION ISSUES 75 the northe
Page 93 and 94: ELK POPULATION ISSUES 77 It has evo
Page 96 and 97: 4 , ~ 1 v " 'It , \ J~ ~""~ .:,~ ",
Page 98 and 99: THE NORTHERN RANGE 82 Competition t
Page 100 and 101: Figure 7.3. Bison winter range. Sin
Page 102 and 103: THE NORTHERN RANGE Figure 7.7. Envi
Page 104 and 105: THE NORTHERN RANGE 88 not aware of
Page 106 and 107: THE NORTHERN RANGE 90 tion size, an
Page 108 and 109: THE NORTHERN RANGE 92 activity (95
Page 110 and 111: THE NORTHERN RANGE 94 pursue the su
Page 112 and 113: THE NORTHERN RANGE 96 factors were
Page 114 and 115: THE NORTHERN RANGE Figure 7.13. Num
Page 116 and 117: , .. , , " , ! I ." ~, ~ " ,.\ ,•
Page 118 and 119: THE NORTHERN RANGE 102 complex set
Page 120 and 121: THE NORTHERN RANGE 104 practically
Page 122 and 123: THE NORTHERN RANGE 106 appear suppr
Page 126 and 127: lJO Year Estimate Comment Source 19
Page 128 and 129: lJ2 , Estimated # of Elk Year Date
Page 130 and 131: lJ4 Winter Total Count 1967-68 397
Page 132 and 133: 116 Year Date of Count Parkwide Par
Page 134 and 135: 118 Counts and estimates of mule de
Page 136 and 137: 120 Northern Yellowstone winter ran
Page 138 and 139: 122 Population estimates and reduct
Page 140 and 141: 124 Actual count Inside Outside Est
Page 142 and 143: Pronghorn counted during spring sur
Page 144 and 145: 128 Year 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1
Page 146 and 147: Ground and aerial counts of bighorn
Page 148 and 149: REFERENCE LIST NOTES ON THIS REFERE
Page 150 and 151: Pages 199-210 in Carbyn, L.N., S.H.
Page 152 and 153: Yellowstone National Park. Technica
Page 154 and 155: mammal mortality in the 1988 Yellow
Page 156 and 157: National Park. International Journa
Page 158 and 159: Mehus, C.A. 1995. Influences ofbraw
Page 160 and 161: __ , and __ . 1996a. Preburn root b
Page 162 and 163: Pages 127-138 in F.J. Singer, ed. E
Page 164 and 165: some northern Yellowstone elk. M.S.
Page 166: I I I I I
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