Yellowstone's Northern Range - Greater Yellowstone Science ...

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Pages 127-138 in F.J. Singer, ed. Effects of grazing by wild ungulates in Yellowstone National Park. Technical Report NPS/ NRYELLINRTR/96-01, NPS, Natural Resource Information Division, Denver. . 1996b. Differences between willow communities browsed by elk and communities protected for 32 years in Yellowstone National Park. Pages 279-290 in F.J. Singer, ed. Effects of grazing by wild ungulates in Yellowstone National Park. Technical Report NPS/ NRYELLINRTR/96-01, NPS, Natural Resource Information Division, Denver. __ , and R.G. Cates. 1995. Response to comment: ungulate herbivory on willows on Yellowstone's northern winter range. Journal of Range Management 48:563-565. __ , T. Elliott, M. Coughenour, J. Welker, D. Valentine, S. Williams, L. Zeigenfuss, K. A1stad. 1996a. Large mammalian herbivores, plant interactions and ecosystem processes in five national parks. First annual report on cooperative agreement: 1445-0009-94-1074, subagreement 2, to National Biological Service. 31pp. __ , and E.O. Garton. 1992. Estimating the size of the northern Yellowstone elk herd from fixedwing aircraft and helicopter surveys-a progress report. Pages 4-117 to 4-130 in J.D. Varley and W.G. Brewster, eds. Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress, Volume 4, research and analysis. USDI, NPS, Yellowstone National Park, Wyo. __ , and M. Harter. 1996. Comparative effects of elk herbivory and 1988 fires on northern Yellowstone National Park grasslands. Ecological Applications 6(1):185-199. __ , and __ . 1996. Comparative effects of elk herbivory and the fires of 1988 on grasslands in northern Yellowstone National Park. Pages 97-114 in F.J. Singer, ed. Effects of grazing by wild ungulates in Yellowstone National Park. Technical Report NPSINRYELLINRTR/96-01, NPS, Natural Resource Information Division, Denver. __ , A. Harting, K.K. Symonds, and M.B. Coughenour. 1997. Density dependence, compensation, and environmental effects on elk calf mortality in Yellowstone National Park. Journal of Wildlife Management 61(1):In press. __ , and J.A. Mack. 1993. Potential ungulate prey for gray wolves. Pages 75-117 in RS. Cook, ed., Ecological issues on reintroducing wolves into Yellowstone National Park. Scientific monograph NPSINRYELLINRSM-93/22. REFERENCE LIST 146 NPS, Denver. __ , L.c. Mack, and R.C. Cates. 1994. Ungulate herbivory of willows on Yellowstone's northern winter range. Journal of Range Management 47:435-443. __ , __ ,and __ . 1996b. Ungulate herbivory of willows on Yellowstone's northern range. Pages 265-278 in F.J. Singer, ed. Effects of grazing by wild ungulates in Yellowstone National Park. Technical Report NPSI NRYELLINRTR/96-01, NPS, Natural Resource Information Division, Denver. __ , and J.E. Norland. 1994. Niche relationships within a guild of ungulate species in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, following release from artificial controls. Canadian Journal of Zoology 72:1383-1394. __ , and __ . 1996. Niche relationships within a guild of ungulate species in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, following release from artificial controls. Pages 345- 360 in F.J. Singer, ed. Effects of grazing by wild ungulate~ in Yellowstone National Park. Technical Report NPSINRYELLINRTR/96-01, NPS, Natural Resource Information Division, Denver. __ , and RA. Renkin. 1995. Effects of browsing by native ungulates on the shrubs in big sagebrush communities in Yellowstone National Park. Great Basin Naturalist 55(3): 201-212. __ , and __ . 1996. Effects of browsing by native ungulates on the shrubs in big sagebrush communities in Yellowstone National Park. Pages 85-96 in p.r. Singer, ed. Effects of grazing by wild ungulates in Yellowstone National Parle Technical Report NPSI NRYELLINRTR/96-01, NPS, Natural Resource Information Division, Denver. __ , W. Schreier, J. Oppenheim, E.O. Garton. 1989. Drought, fires, and large mammals. BioScience 39(10):716-722. __ , and P. Schullery. 1989. Yellowstone wildlife: populations in process. Western Wildlands 15(2):18-22. __ , K.K. Symonds, and B. Berger. 1993. Predation of Yellowstone elk calves. Park Science 13(3): 18. Skinner, M.P. 1927. The predatory and fur-bearing animals of the Yellowstone National Park. Roosevelt Wildlife Bulletin 4: 163-28l. __ . 1928. The elk situation. Journal of Mammalogy 9:309-317. __ . 1929. White-tailed deer formerly in the Yellowstone Park. Journal of Mammalogy
510:101-115. Smith, D.W., S. Consolo Murphy, M.K. Phillips, and R. Crabtree. 1997. Beaver survey, Yellowstone National Park, 1996. YCR-NR-97- I, Yellowstone National Park, Wyo. 8pp. Smith, T.S. 1991. The bighorn sheep of Bear Mountain: ecological investigations and management recommendations. Ph.D Dissertation. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, Utah. 425pp. Soule, M. 1996. Interview: natives versus exotics, coming to terms with non-native species invasions and rates of change. Yellowstone Science 4(4):8-12. Springfield, H.W. 1976. Characteristics and management of southwestern pinyon-juniper ranges: the status of our knowledge. USDA Forest Service Research Paper RM-160. Rocky Mountain Forestry and Range Exp. Station, Fort Collins. 121pp. Taylor, D.C 1964. Preliminary archeological investigations in Yellowstone National Park. Contract 14-10-23-320, National Park Service and Montana State University, Missoula. 209pp. Thorne, E.E., M. Meagher, and B. Hillman. 1989. Brucellosis in free-ranging bison: three perspectives. Pages 275-287 in RR. Keiter and M. Boyce, eds. The greater Yellowstone ecosystem: redefining America's wildemess heritage. Yale University Press, New Haven. Tracy, B.P. 1996. Fire effects in the grasslands of Yellowstone National Park. Ph.D. Dissertation, Syracuse University. 174pp. __ . 1997. Fire effects in Yellowstone's grasslands. Yelllowstone Science. In press. __ , and S.J. McNaughton. 1995. Elemental analysis of mineral lick soils from the Serengeti National Park, the Konza Prairie and Yellowstone National Park. Ecography 18:91- 94. __ , and __ . 1996. Comparative ecosystem properties in summer and winter ungulate ranges following the 1988 fires in Yellowstone National Park. Pages 181-191 in J. Greenlee, ed. The ecological implications of fire in Greater Yellowstone: proceedings of the second biennial conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. International Association of Wildland Fire, Fairfield, Wash. Turner, M.G., G.J. Arthaud, RT. Engstrom, S.J. Hejl, J. Liu, S. Loeb, and K. McKelvey. 1995. Usefulness of spatially explicit population models in land management. Ecological Applications 5:12-16. __ , RH. Gardner, and RV. O'Neill. 1995. Ecological dynamics at broad scales. Science & THE NORTHERN RANGE 147 Biodiversity Policy Bioscience Supplement, S29-S35. __ . and R.Y. O'Neill. Exploring aggregation in space and time. Pages 194-208 in CG. Jones and J.H. Lawton, eds. Linking species and ecosystems. Chapman and Hall, N.Y. __ , __ , W.H. Romme, and L.L. Wallace. 1993. A landscape simulation model of winter foraging by large ungulates. Ecological Modelling 69:163-184. __ , __ , and R.H. Gardner. 1994. Landscape disturbance models and the long-term dynamics of natural areas. Natural Areas JoumaI14(1):3-11. __ , Y. Wu, L.L. Wallace, W.H. Romme, and A. Brenkert. 1994. Simulating winter interactions among ungUlates, vegetation, and fire in northern Yellowstone Park Ecological Applications 4(3):472-496. Tyers, D.B. 1981. The condition of the northern winter range in Yellowstone National Park-a discussion of the controversy. M.S. Thesis, Montana State University, Bozeman. 168pp. Vales, D.J., and J.M. Peek. 1990. Estimates of the potential interactions between hunter harvest and wolf predation on the Sand Creek, Idaho and Gallatin, Montana, elk populations. Pages 3-93 to 3-167 in Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress, Volume 2, research and analysis. NPS, Yellowstone National Park, Wyo. __ , and __ . 1996. Responses of elk to the 1988 Yellowstone fires and drought. Pages 159- 167 in J. Greenlee, ed. The ecological implications of fire in Greater Yellowstone: proceedings of the second biennial conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. International Association of Wildland Fire, Fairfield, Wash. Van Dyke, W.A., A. Sands, J. Yoakum, A. Polentz, and J. Blaisdell. 1983. Wildlife habitat in managed rangelands in the Great Basin of southeastern Oregon: Bighorn Sheep. USDA For. Servo Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-159, Pac. Northwest For. and Range Exp. Sta., Port.nd, Oreg. 37pp. Varley, N.C. 1994. Summer-fall habitat use and fall diets of mountain goats and bighorn sheep in the Absaroka Range, Montana. Biennial Symposium of the Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council 9:131-138. __ . 1996. Ecology of mountain goats in the Absaroka Range, south-central Montana. M.S. Thesis, Montana State University, Bozeman. 9lpp. Vore, J.M. 1990. Movements and distribution of
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YELLOW"STONE'S NORTHERN RANGE COMPL
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Suggested citation: Yellowstone Nat
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c=J Northern Winter Range _ Boundar
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Aspen, willows, and biodiversity ..
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vii
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THE NORTHERN RANGE xii range criter
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 2 Figure 1.1. Ph
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THE NORTHERN RANGE tion. There was
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 6 Figure 1.6. Gr
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 8 Figure 1.8. El
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 10 unpopular or
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 12 earlier Yello
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 16 Northern rang
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Figure 2.3. Sum ot rotal annual riv
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 20 Figure 2.4 Tr
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 22 dendrochronol
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 24 Figure 2.7. A
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 26 et al. (1991)
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 28 earlier time,
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.', P (/ i0~ , • 9 ~ § , , ~ , i
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 32 systems-range
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 34 indicates the
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 36 Data were gat
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 38 grazed and un
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THE NORTHERN RANGE showed that graz
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Figure 4.1. Northern range, showing
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Figure 4.2. Willow distribution in
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 48 Figure 4.4. I
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 50 public lands,
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THE NORTIlERN RANGE 52 Figure 4.5.
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 54 able uncertai
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 56 to confirm an
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 58 RESEARCH RECO
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SOIL, EROSION, SEDIMENTS, AND WATER
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SOIL, EROSION, SEDIMENTS, AND WATER
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ated with ungulate winter ranges. T
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES IS YELLOWSTON
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ange grazing issue, Yellowstone man
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 71 ... Other
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 73 1996d), so
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 75 the northe
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 77 It has evo
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 82 Competition t
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Figure 7.3. Bison winter range. Sin
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THE NORTHERN RANGE Figure 7.7. Envi
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 88 not aware of
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 90 tion size, an
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 92 activity (95
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 94 pursue the su
Page 112 and 113: THE NORTHERN RANGE 96 factors were
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Page 116 and 117: , .. , , " , ! I ." ~, ~ " ,.\ ,•
Page 118 and 119: THE NORTHERN RANGE 102 complex set
Page 120 and 121: THE NORTHERN RANGE 104 practically
Page 122 and 123: THE NORTHERN RANGE 106 appear suppr
Page 124 and 125: AppendixA. Conferences, Meetings, a
Page 126 and 127: lJO Year Estimate Comment Source 19
Page 128 and 129: lJ2 , Estimated # of Elk Year Date
Page 130 and 131: lJ4 Winter Total Count 1967-68 397
Page 132 and 133: 116 Year Date of Count Parkwide Par
Page 134 and 135: 118 Counts and estimates of mule de
Page 136 and 137: 120 Northern Yellowstone winter ran
Page 138 and 139: 122 Population estimates and reduct
Page 140 and 141: 124 Actual count Inside Outside Est
Page 142 and 143: Pronghorn counted during spring sur
Page 144 and 145: 128 Year 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1
Page 146 and 147: Ground and aerial counts of bighorn
Page 148 and 149: REFERENCE LIST NOTES ON THIS REFERE
Page 150 and 151: Pages 199-210 in Carbyn, L.N., S.H.
Page 152 and 153: Yellowstone National Park. Technica
Page 154 and 155: mammal mortality in the 1988 Yellow
Page 156 and 157: National Park. International Journa
Page 158 and 159: Mehus, C.A. 1995. Influences ofbraw
Page 160 and 161: __ , and __ . 1996a. Preburn root b
Page 164 and 165: some northern Yellowstone elk. M.S.
Page 166: I I I I I
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