Yellowstone's Northern Range - Greater Yellowstone Science ...

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Yellowstone National Park. Technical Report NPSINRYELLINRTRl96-01, NPS, Natural Resource Information Division, Denver. __ , __ , and 1. Reardon. 1994. The Parker Transects revisited: long-term vegetation trends on Yellowstone's northern winter range. Pages 73-96 in D.G. Despain, ed. Plants and their environments: proceedings of the first biennial scientific conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. USDI NPS Technical Report NPSI NRYELLINRTR. USDI, NPS, Denver. __ , __ , and __ . 1996. The Parker Transects revisited-long-term herbaceous vegetation trends on Yellowstone's northern winter range. Pages 13-28 in F.1. Singer, ed. Effects of grazing by wild ungulates in Yellowstone National Park. Technical Report NPSINRYELLINRTRl96-01, NPS, Natural Resource Information Division, Denver. Craighead, 1.1., G. Atwell, and B.W. 0' Gara. 1972. Elk migrations in and near Yellowstone National Park. Wildlife Monograph No. 29, Washington, D.C. 48pp. __ , 1.S. Sumner, and 1.A. Mitchell. 1995. The grizzly bears of Yellowstone. Island Press, Washington D.C. 535pp. Dagget, D. 1995. Beyond the rangeland conflict: toward a west that works. Gibbs Smith Publisher, Layton, Utah. 104pp. Darling, F. F., and N.D. Eichhorn. 1969. Man & nature in the national parks. The Conservation Foundation, Washington D.C. DeByle, N. 1979. Potential effects of stable versus fluctuation elk populations in the aspen ecosystem. Pages 13-19 in M. Boyce and L. Haydenwing, eds. North American elk, ecology, behavior and management. University of Wyoming, Laramie. DelGuidice, G.D., U.S. Seal, and L.D. Mech. 1991a. Indicators of severe undernutrition in urine of free-ranging elk during winter. Wildlife Society Bulletin 19: 106-11 O. __ , and F.1. Singer. 1996. Physiological responses of Yellowstone elk to winter nutritional restriction before and after the 1988 fires: a preliminary examination. Pages 133-135 in J. Greenlee, ed. The ecological implications of fire in Greater Yellowstone: proceedings of the second biennial conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. International Association of Wildland Fire, Fairfield, Wash. __ , __ , and U.S. Seal. 1991b. Physiological assessment of winter nutritional deprivation of elk in Yellowstone National Park. Journal of Wildlife Management 55(4):653-664. REFERENCE LIST 136 __ , __ , and __ . 1996. Physiological assessment of winter nutritional deprivation in elk of Yellowstone National Park. Pages 291- 302 in F.l. Singer, ed. Effects of grazing by wild ungulates in Yellowstone National Park. Technical Report NPSINRYELLINRTRl96-01, NPS, Natural Resource Information Division, Denver. __ , __ , __ , and G. Bowser. 1994. Physiological responses of Yellowstone bison to winter nutritional deprivation. Journal of Wildlife Management 58(1):24-34. Denevan, W.M., ed. 1992. The native population of the Americas in 1492. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison. 398pp. Dennis, B., and M.L. Taper. 1994. Density dependence in time series observations of natural popUlations: estimation and testing. Ecological Monographs 64(2):205-224. Despain, D. 1975. Field key to the flora of Yellowstone National Park. YelIowstone Library and Museum Association, Yellowstone National Park. 257pp. . 1987. The two climates of Yellows lOne National Park. Proceedings of the Montana Academy of Science 47: 11-20. __ . 1989. Interpretation of excJosures in riparian vegetation. Page 188 in R.E. Gresswell, B.A. Barton, and 1.L. Kershner, Practical approaches to riparian resource management, an educational workshop. USBLM, Billings. __ ' 1990. Yellowstone vegetation, consequences of environment and history in a natural setting. Roberts Rinehart, Inc., Boulder, Colo. 239pp. __ . 1996. The coincidence of elk migration and flowering of bluebunch wheatgrass. Pages 139-144 in F.J. Singer, ed. Effects of grazing by wild ungulates in Yellowstone National Park. Technical Report NPSINRYELLINRTRl96-0J, NPS, Natural Resource Information Division, Denver. __ , D. Houston, M. Meagher, and P. Schullery. 1986. Wildlife in transition: man and nature on Yellowstone's northern range. Roberts Rinehart, Boulder, Colo. 142pp. Dobyns, H.F. 1983. Their numbers become thinnned: Native American population dynamics in eastern North America. University of Tennesse Press, Knoxville. 378pp. Duffield, 1. 1989. Nelson property acquisition social and economic impact assessment. Report for Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. 28pp.
Duffield, J. and J. Holliman. 1988. The net economic value of elk hunting in Montana. Report to the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. 85 pp. Engstrom, D.R., C. Whitlock, S.C. Fritz, and H.E.Wright. 1991. Recent environmental changes inferred from the sediments of small lakes in Yellowstone's northern range. Journal of Paleolimnology 5:139-174. __ , __ , __ , and __ . 1994. Reinventing erosion in Yellowstone's northern range. Journal of Paleolimnology 10:159-161. __ , __ , __ , and __ . 1996. Recent environmental changes infelTed from the sediments of small lakes in Yellowstone's northern range. Pages 185-218 in F.J. Singer, ed. Effects of grazing by wild ungulates in Yellowstone National Park. Technical Report NPSINRYELLINRTRl96-01, NPS, Natural Resource Information Division, Denver. Ewing, R. 1995. Suspended sediment in the Yellowstone National Park area following the 1988 wildfires. Final research repOli, Yellowstone Center for Resources, NPS, Yellowstone National Park. 88pp. __ . 1996. Postfire suspended sediment from Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 32(3):605-627. __ . 1997. Suspended sediment in the rivers of northern Yellowstone. Yellowstone Science 5(1):2-7. __ , and J. Mohrman. 1989. Suspended sediment and turbidity from northern Yellowstone Park, Wyoming, 1985-1987. Pages 213-222 in W.W. Woessner and D.F. Potts, eds. Proceedings of the symposium on headwaters hydrology, American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, Maryland. Farnes, P. 1996a. Impact of 1988 Yellowstone fires on snowmelt water yields. Pages 39-42 in J. Greenlee, ed. The ecological implications of fire in Greater Yellowstone: proceedings of the second biennial conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. International Association of Wildland Fire, Faitfield, Wash. __ . 1996b. An index of winter severity for elk. Pages 303-310 in EJ. Singer, ed. Effects of grazing by wild ungulates in Yellowstone National Park. Technical Report NPSI NRYELLINRTRl96-0l, NPS, Natural Resource Information Division, Denver. __ . 1997. The snows of Yellowstone. Yellowstone Science 5(2):ln Press. __ , and W. Romme. 1993. Localized snow THE NORTHERN RANGE 137 water equivalent on the Yellowstone northern range. Pages 59-65 in Proceedings 50th Eastern Snow Conference, Quebec City, Quebec. Forman, R.T.T., and M. Godron. 1986. Landscape ecology. New York, John Wiley & Sons. 619pp. Fowler, C.W., and WJ. Barmore. 1979. A population model of the northern Yellowstone elk herd. Pages 427-434 in R.M. Linn, ed. Proceedings of the first conference on scientific research in the national parks, New Orleans, Louisiana, November 9-12,1976. mimeo, National Park Service. Frank, D. 1990. Interactive ecology of plants, large mammalian herbivores, and drought in Yellowstone National Park. Ph.D. Thesis, Syracuse University. 126pp. __ , R.S. Inouye, N. Huntly, G.W. Minshall, and J.E. Anderson. 1994. The biogeochemistry of a north-temperate grassland with native ungulates: nitrogen dynamics in Yellowstone National Park. Biogeochemistry 26:163-188. __ , and S.J. McNaughton. 1991. Stability increases with diversity in plant communities: empirical evidence from the 1988 Yellowstone drought. Oikos 62:360-362. __ , and __ . 1992. The ecology of plants, large mammalian herbivores, and drought in Yellowstone National Park. Ecology 73(6):2043-2058. __ , and __ . 1993. Evidence for the promotion of aboveground grassland production . by native large herbivores in Yellowstone National Park. Oecologia 96:157-161. __ , and __ . 1996a. The ecology of plants, large mammalian herbivores, and drought in Yellowstone National Park. Pages 39-56 in FJ. Singer, ed. Effects of grazing by wild ungulates in Yellowstone National Park. Technical Report NPSINRYELLINRTRl96-01, NPS, Natural Resource Information Division, Denver. __ , and __ . 1996b. Evidence for the promotion of aboveground grassland production by native large herbivores in Yellowstone National Park. Pages 57-62 in F.J. Singer, ed. Effects of grazing by wild ungulates in Yellowstone National Park. Technical Report NPSINRYELLINRTRl96-01, NPS, Natural Resource Information Division, Denver. French, S.P., and M.G. French. 1990. Predatory behavior of grizzly bears feeding on elk calves in Yellowstone National Park, 1986-1988. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 8:335-341. French, M.G., and S. French. 1996. Large
Page 1:
YELLOW"STONE'S NORTHERN RANGE COMPL
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Suggested citation: Yellowstone Nat
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c=J Northern Winter Range _ Boundar
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Aspen, willows, and biodiversity ..
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vii
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THE NORTHERN RANGE xii range criter
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 2 Figure 1.1. Ph
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THE NORTHERN RANGE tion. There was
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 6 Figure 1.6. Gr
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 8 Figure 1.8. El
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 10 unpopular or
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 12 earlier Yello
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 16 Northern rang
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Figure 2.3. Sum ot rotal annual riv
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 20 Figure 2.4 Tr
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 22 dendrochronol
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 24 Figure 2.7. A
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 26 et al. (1991)
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 28 earlier time,
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.', P (/ i0~ , • 9 ~ § , , ~ , i
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 32 systems-range
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 34 indicates the
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 36 Data were gat
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 38 grazed and un
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THE NORTHERN RANGE showed that graz
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Figure 4.1. Northern range, showing
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Figure 4.2. Willow distribution in
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 48 Figure 4.4. I
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 50 public lands,
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THE NORTIlERN RANGE 52 Figure 4.5.
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 54 able uncertai
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 56 to confirm an
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 58 RESEARCH RECO
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SOIL, EROSION, SEDIMENTS, AND WATER
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SOIL, EROSION, SEDIMENTS, AND WATER
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ated with ungulate winter ranges. T
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES IS YELLOWSTON
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ange grazing issue, Yellowstone man
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 71 ... Other
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 73 1996d), so
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 75 the northe
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 77 It has evo
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 82 Competition t
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Figure 7.3. Bison winter range. Sin
Page 102 and 103: THE NORTHERN RANGE Figure 7.7. Envi
Page 104 and 105: THE NORTHERN RANGE 88 not aware of
Page 106 and 107: THE NORTHERN RANGE 90 tion size, an
Page 108 and 109: THE NORTHERN RANGE 92 activity (95
Page 110 and 111: THE NORTHERN RANGE 94 pursue the su
Page 112 and 113: THE NORTHERN RANGE 96 factors were
Page 114 and 115: THE NORTHERN RANGE Figure 7.13. Num
Page 116 and 117: , .. , , " , ! I ." ~, ~ " ,.\ ,•
Page 118 and 119: THE NORTHERN RANGE 102 complex set
Page 120 and 121: THE NORTHERN RANGE 104 practically
Page 122 and 123: THE NORTHERN RANGE 106 appear suppr
Page 124 and 125: AppendixA. Conferences, Meetings, a
Page 126 and 127: lJO Year Estimate Comment Source 19
Page 128 and 129: lJ2 , Estimated # of Elk Year Date
Page 130 and 131: lJ4 Winter Total Count 1967-68 397
Page 132 and 133: 116 Year Date of Count Parkwide Par
Page 134 and 135: 118 Counts and estimates of mule de
Page 136 and 137: 120 Northern Yellowstone winter ran
Page 138 and 139: 122 Population estimates and reduct
Page 140 and 141: 124 Actual count Inside Outside Est
Page 142 and 143: Pronghorn counted during spring sur
Page 144 and 145: 128 Year 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1
Page 146 and 147: Ground and aerial counts of bighorn
Page 148 and 149: REFERENCE LIST NOTES ON THIS REFERE
Page 150 and 151: Pages 199-210 in Carbyn, L.N., S.H.
Page 154 and 155: mammal mortality in the 1988 Yellow
Page 156 and 157: National Park. International Journa
Page 158 and 159: Mehus, C.A. 1995. Influences ofbraw
Page 160 and 161: __ , and __ . 1996a. Preburn root b
Page 162 and 163: Pages 127-138 in F.J. Singer, ed. E
Page 164 and 165: some northern Yellowstone elk. M.S.
Page 166: I I I I I
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