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YELLO-WSTONE~ S NORTHERN RANGE COMPLEXITY & CHANGE IN A WILDLAND ECOSYSTEM <strong>Yellowstone</strong> National Park National Park Service Mammoth Hot Springs, Wyoming 1997
Page 1: YELLOW"STONE'S NORTHERN RANGE COMPL
Page 6 and 7: Suggested citation: Yellowstone Nat
Page 8 and 9: c=J Northern Winter Range _ Boundar
Page 10 and 11: Aspen, willows, and biodiversity ..
Page 12 and 13: vii
Page 14 and 15: THE NORTHERN RANGE xii range criter
Page 16 and 17: L ~I , }! \,.'1. J 4 f ; " IF , , 1
Page 18 and 19: THE NORTHERN RANGE 2 Figure 1.1. Ph
Page 20 and 21: THE NORTHERN RANGE tion. There was
Page 22 and 23: THE NORTHERN RANGE 6 Figure 1.6. Gr
Page 24 and 25: THE NORTHERN RANGE 8 Figure 1.8. El
Page 26 and 27: THE NORTHERN RANGE 10 unpopular or
Page 28 and 29: THE NORTHERN RANGE 12 earlier Yello
Page 30 and 31: , ! ~ , I~ " 1 \, • .' '-, , \, ,
Page 32 and 33: THE NORTHERN RANGE 16 Northern rang
Page 34 and 35: Figure 2.3. Sum ot rotal annual riv
Page 36 and 37: THE NORTHERN RANGE 20 Figure 2.4 Tr
Page 38 and 39: THE NORTHERN RANGE 22 dendrochronol
Page 40 and 41: THE NORTHERN RANGE 24 Figure 2.7. A
Page 42 and 43: THE NORTHERN RANGE 26 et al. (1991)
Page 44 and 45: THE NORTHERN RANGE 28 earlier time,
Page 46 and 47: .', P (/ i0~ , • 9 ~ § , , ~ , i
Page 48 and 49: THE NORTHERN RANGE 32 systems-range
Page 50 and 51: THE NORTHERN RANGE 34 indicates the
Page 52 and 53: THE NORTHERN RANGE 36 Data were gat
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 38 grazed and un
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THE NORTHERN RANGE showed that graz
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, ~ , • V , '. ~ ;' t ~ " ~ .' .~
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Figure 4.1. Northern range, showing
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Figure 4.2. Willow distribution in
Page 64 and 65:
THE NORTHERN RANGE 48 Figure 4.4. I
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 50 public lands,
Page 68 and 69:
THE NORTIlERN RANGE 52 Figure 4.5.
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 54 able uncertai
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 56 to confirm an
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 58 RESEARCH RECO
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SOIL, EROSION, SEDIMENTS, AND WATER
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SOIL, EROSION, SEDIMENTS, AND WATER
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ated with ungulate winter ranges. T
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES IS YELLOWSTON
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ange grazing issue, Yellowstone man
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 71 ... Other
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 73 1996d), so
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 75 the northe
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 77 It has evo
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4 , ~ 1 v " 'It , \ J~ ~""~ .:,~ ",
Page 98 and 99:
THE NORTHERN RANGE 82 Competition t
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Figure 7.3. Bison winter range. Sin
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THE NORTHERN RANGE Figure 7.7. Envi
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 88 not aware of
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 90 tion size, an
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 92 activity (95
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 94 pursue the su
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 96 factors were
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THE NORTHERN RANGE Figure 7.13. Num
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, .. , , " , ! I ." ~, ~ " ,.\ ,•
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 102 complex set
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 104 practically
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 106 appear suppr
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AppendixA. Conferences, Meetings, a
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lJO Year Estimate Comment Source 19
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lJ2 , Estimated # of Elk Year Date
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lJ4 Winter Total Count 1967-68 397
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116 Year Date of Count Parkwide Par
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118 Counts and estimates of mule de
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120 Northern Yellowstone winter ran
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122 Population estimates and reduct
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124 Actual count Inside Outside Est
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Pronghorn counted during spring sur
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128 Year 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1
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Ground and aerial counts of bighorn
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REFERENCE LIST NOTES ON THIS REFERE
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Pages 199-210 in Carbyn, L.N., S.H.
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Yellowstone National Park. Technica
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mammal mortality in the 1988 Yellow
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National Park. International Journa
Page 158 and 159:
Mehus, C.A. 1995. Influences ofbraw
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__ , and __ . 1996a. Preburn root b
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Pages 127-138 in F.J. Singer, ed. E
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some northern Yellowstone elk. M.S.
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I I I I I
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