Yellowstone's Northern Range - Greater Yellowstone Science ...

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National Park. International Journal of Biometeorology 29(1):47-55. Keiter, RB., and P.H. Froelicher. 1993. Bison, brucellosis, and law in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Land and Water Law Review 28(1):1-75. Kennedy, RG. 1994. Hidden cities, the discovery and loss of ancient American civilization. The Free Press, New York. 372pp. Kirkpatrick, J.E, J.C. McCarthy, D.E Gutermuth, S.E. Shideler, and B.L. Lasley. 1996. An assessment of the reproductive biology of Yellowstone bison (Bison bison)subpopulations using noncapture methods. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74:8-14. Kittams, W.H. 1950. Sagebrush on the lower Yellowstone range as an indicator of wildlife stocking. Yellowstone National Park files mimeographed report. 14pp. Knight, D.H. 1994. Yellowstone plants and their environments. Pages 305-311 in D. Despain, ed. Plants and their environments: proceedings of the first scientific conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Technical Report NPSI NRYELLINRTR USDI, NPS, Denver. __ . 1996. The ecological implications of fire in Greater Yellowstone: a summary. Pages 233- 235 in J. Greenlee, ed. The ecological implications of fire in Greater Yellowstone: proceedings of the second biennial conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. International Association of Wildland Fire, Fairfield, Wash. Knight, R, G. Brown, J. Craighead, M. Meagher, L. Roop, and e. Servheen. 1983. Final report, ad hoc committee to investigate the need and feasibility of the supplemental feeding of Yellowstone grizzly bears. National Park ServicelWildlife-Wildlands InstitutelWyoming Game and Fish DepartmentiU.S. Fish and Wildlife Servicellnteragency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, Mont. 7pp. plus append. Koth, B., D.W Lime, and J Vlaming. 1990. Effects of restoring wolves on Yellowstone area big game and grizzly bears: opinions of fifteen North American experts. Pages 4-52 to 4-81 in Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress, Volume 2, research and analysis. NPS, Yellowstone National Park, Wyo. Krebs, CJ. 1995. Two paradigms of population regulation. Wildlife Research 22: 1-10. Lahren, L. 1976. The Meyers-Hindman site: an exploratory study of human occupation patterns in the upper Yellowstone Valley from 7000 B.e. to A.D. 1200. Anthropologos Researches REFERENCE LIST 140 International. 195pp. Lane, J. 1990. Characterization and comparison of soils inside and outside of grazing exclosures on Yellowstone National Park's northern winter range. M.S. Thesis, Montana State University, Bozeman. 124pp. Lane, J.R, and·e. Montagne. 1996. Comparison of soils inside and outside of grazing exclosures on Yellowstone National Park's northern winter range. Page 329 in D. Despain, ed. Plants and their environments: proceedings of the first scientific conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Technical Report NPSINRYELLI NRTR USDI, NPS, Denver. __ , and __ . 1996. Characterization of soils from grazing exc10sures and adjacent areas in northern Yellowstone National Park. Pages 63- 72 in EI. Singer, ed. Effects of grazing by wild ungulates in Yellowstone National Park. Technical RepDlt NPSINRYELLINRTRl96-01, NPS, Natural Resource Information Division, Denver. Laundre, I.W. 1990. The status, distribution, and management of mountain goats in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Final Report NPS Order #PX 1200-8-0828. 58pp. . 1992. Are wolves native to Yellowstone National Park? Pages 1-267 to 1- 274 in J.D. Varley and WG. Brewster, eds. Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress, Volume 4, research and analysis. USDI, NPS, Yellowstone National Park, Wyo. Lee, T. E., J.W Bickham, and M.D. Scott. 1994. Mitochondrial DNA and Allozome analysis of North American pronghorn populations. Journal of Wildlife Management 58(2):307-318. Lemke, T.O., and FJ. Singer. 1989. NDlthern Yellowstone elk: the big herd. Bugle (Fall): 113-121. Leopold, A.S., S.A. Cain, C.M. Cottam, LN. Gabrielson, and T.L. Kimball. 1963. Wildlife management in the national parks. Transactions North American Wildlife Conference 24:28-45. Lime, D.W, B. Koth, and I.e. Flaming. 1993. Effects of restoring wolves on Yellowstone area big game and grizzly bears: opinions of scientists. Pages 306-327 in RS. Cook, ed. Ecological issues on reintroducing wolves into Yellowstone National Park. Scientific monograph NPSINRYELLINRSM-93/22. NPS, Denver. Lovaas, A.L. 1970. People and the Gallatin elk herd. Montana Fish and Game Department. 44pp.
Mack, J.A., and F. Singer. 1992a. Population models for elk, mule deer, and moose on Yellowstone's northern winter range. Pages 4-3 to 4-31 in J.D. Varley and W.G. Brewster, eds. Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress, Volume 4, research and analysis. USDI, NPS, Yellowstone National Park, Wyo. __, and __. 1992b. Predicted effects of wolf predation on northern range elk, mule deer, and moose using POP-II models. Pages 4-43 to 4-70 in J.D. Varley and W.G. Brewster, eds. Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress, Volume 4, research and analysis. USDI, NPS, Yellowstone National Park, Wyo. __, and __. 1993a. Population models for elk, mule deer and moose on Yellowstone's northern range. Pages 270-305 in R.S. Cook, ed., Ecological issues on reintroducing wolves into Yellowstone National Park. Scientific monograph NPSINRYELLINRSM-93/22. NPS, Denver. __, and 1993b. Using Pop-II models to predict effects of wolf predation and hunter harvests on elk, mule deer, and moose on the northern range. Pages 49-74 in R.S. Cook, ed., Ecological issues on reintroducing wolves into Yellowstone National Park. Scientific monograph NPSINRYELLINRSM-93122. NPS, Denver. __,__, and M.E. Messaros. 1990. The ungulate prey base for wolves in Yellowstone National Park; II. Pages 2-39 to 2-218 in Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress, Volume 2, research and analysis. NPS, Yellowstone National Park, Wyo. Malouf, C. 1958. Preliminary report, Yellowstone National Park archeological survey, summer 1958. Yellowstone National Park Research Library. Mattson, D.J., B.M. Blanchard, and R.R. Knight. 1991. Food habits of Yellowstone grizzly bears, 1977-1987. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69:1619-1629. Macnab, J. 1983. Wildlife management as scientific experimentation. Wildlife Society Bulletin 11:397-401. __. 1991. Does game cropping serve conservation? A reexamination of the African data. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69:2283-2290. McNaughton, SJ. 1996. Interview: grazing and Yellowstone. Yellowstone Science 4(1):12-17. __. 1996. Wildlife policies in the U.S. national THE NORTHERN RANGE 141 parks. Journal of Wildlife Management 60(3):685-687. (book review) __ , M. Oesterhelk, D.A. Frank, and KJ. Williams. 1989. Ecosystem-level patterns of primary productivity and herbivory in terrestrial habitats. Nature 341:142-144. ,\ Meagher, M.M. 1973. The bison ofYellowst'6ne National Park. U. S. Government Printing Office, National Park Service Scientific Monograph Series No.1, Washington D.C. 161pp. __ . 1974. Yellowstone's bison-a unique wild heritage. National Parks and Conservation Magazine 48(5):9-14. __ . 1976. Winter weather as a population regulating influence on free-ranging bison in Yellowstone National Park. Pages 29-38 in R. Linn, ed. Research in the parks, transactions of the National Park Centennial Symposium. USDI NPS Symposium Series Number 1, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. __ . 1981. An outbreak of pinkeye in bighorn sheep, Yellowstone National Park: a preliminary report. Proceedings of the Biennial Symposium of the Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Conference 3:198-201. __ . 1985. Yellowstone's free-ranging bison. Naturalist 36:20-25. __ . 1989a. Range expansion by bison of Yellowstone National Park. Journal of Mammalogy 70(3):670-675. __ . 1989b. Evaluation of boundary control for bison of Yellowstone National Park. Wildlife Society Bulletin 17:15-19. __ . 1996. Range expansion by bison of Yellowstone National Park. Pages 307-312 in FJ. Singer, ed. Effects of grazing by wild ungulates in Yellowstone National Park. Technical Report NPSINRYELLINRTR/96-0l, NPS, Natural Resource Information Division, Denver. __ . 1997. Yellowstone Science interview, in press. Yellowstone Science 5(2):In press. __ , and D. Houston. In Press. Yellowstone and the biology of time. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. __ , W. J. Quinn, and L. Stackhouse. 1992. Chlamydial-caused infectious keratoconjunctivitis in bighorn sheep of Yellowstone National Park. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 28(2):171- 176. Mech, L.D. 1991. Returning the wolf to Yellowstone. Pages 309-322 in R.B. Keiter and M.S. Boyce, eds. The greater Yellowstone ecosystem; redefining America's wilderness heritage. Yale University Press, New Haven.
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YELLOW"STONE'S NORTHERN RANGE COMPL
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Suggested citation: Yellowstone Nat
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c=J Northern Winter Range _ Boundar
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Aspen, willows, and biodiversity ..
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vii
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THE NORTHERN RANGE xii range criter
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 2 Figure 1.1. Ph
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THE NORTHERN RANGE tion. There was
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 6 Figure 1.6. Gr
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 8 Figure 1.8. El
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 10 unpopular or
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 12 earlier Yello
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 16 Northern rang
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Figure 2.3. Sum ot rotal annual riv
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 20 Figure 2.4 Tr
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 22 dendrochronol
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 24 Figure 2.7. A
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 26 et al. (1991)
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 28 earlier time,
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 32 systems-range
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 34 indicates the
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 36 Data were gat
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 38 grazed and un
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THE NORTHERN RANGE showed that graz
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Figure 4.1. Northern range, showing
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Figure 4.2. Willow distribution in
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 48 Figure 4.4. I
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 50 public lands,
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THE NORTIlERN RANGE 52 Figure 4.5.
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 54 able uncertai
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 56 to confirm an
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 58 RESEARCH RECO
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SOIL, EROSION, SEDIMENTS, AND WATER
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SOIL, EROSION, SEDIMENTS, AND WATER
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ated with ungulate winter ranges. T
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES IS YELLOWSTON
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ange grazing issue, Yellowstone man
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 71 ... Other
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 73 1996d), so
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 75 the northe
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 77 It has evo
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 82 Competition t
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Figure 7.3. Bison winter range. Sin
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THE NORTHERN RANGE Figure 7.7. Envi
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 88 not aware of
Page 106 and 107: THE NORTHERN RANGE 90 tion size, an
Page 108 and 109: THE NORTHERN RANGE 92 activity (95
Page 110 and 111: THE NORTHERN RANGE 94 pursue the su
Page 112 and 113: THE NORTHERN RANGE 96 factors were
Page 114 and 115: THE NORTHERN RANGE Figure 7.13. Num
Page 116 and 117: , .. , , " , ! I ." ~, ~ " ,.\ ,•
Page 118 and 119: THE NORTHERN RANGE 102 complex set
Page 120 and 121: THE NORTHERN RANGE 104 practically
Page 122 and 123: THE NORTHERN RANGE 106 appear suppr
Page 124 and 125: AppendixA. Conferences, Meetings, a
Page 126 and 127: lJO Year Estimate Comment Source 19
Page 128 and 129: lJ2 , Estimated # of Elk Year Date
Page 130 and 131: lJ4 Winter Total Count 1967-68 397
Page 132 and 133: 116 Year Date of Count Parkwide Par
Page 134 and 135: 118 Counts and estimates of mule de
Page 136 and 137: 120 Northern Yellowstone winter ran
Page 138 and 139: 122 Population estimates and reduct
Page 140 and 141: 124 Actual count Inside Outside Est
Page 142 and 143: Pronghorn counted during spring sur
Page 144 and 145: 128 Year 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1
Page 146 and 147: Ground and aerial counts of bighorn
Page 148 and 149: REFERENCE LIST NOTES ON THIS REFERE
Page 150 and 151: Pages 199-210 in Carbyn, L.N., S.H.
Page 152 and 153: Yellowstone National Park. Technica
Page 154 and 155: mammal mortality in the 1988 Yellow
Page 158 and 159: Mehus, C.A. 1995. Influences ofbraw
Page 160 and 161: __ , and __ . 1996a. Preburn root b
Page 162 and 163: Pages 127-138 in F.J. Singer, ed. E
Page 164 and 165: some northern Yellowstone elk. M.S.
Page 166: I I I I I
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