Yellowstone's Northern Range - Greater Yellowstone Science ...

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THE NORTHERN RANGE 58 RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS: COTTONWOODS It should not be assumed that all woody species are responding to the same ecological and human influences on the northern range, or are responding to each specific influence in the same way. If, as Wagner et aI. (1995a) maintain, cottonwood thrived and reproduced on the northern range in the early 1900s, they were flourishing after aspen experienced their only significant period (1870s-1890s) of successful growth to tree height. Why would these species thrive at different times? As with aspen and willow, further studies of historical conditions relating to hydrology and precipitation are an essential foundation to understanding cottonwood ecology. Other proposals currently under discussion, such as attempts to age the many cottonwood "driftwood" logs that survive in the upper Lamar River drainage, and building exclosures around patches of cottonwood seedlings to compare growth patterns of browsed and unbrowsed groves, should also be considered.
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YELLOW"STONE'S NORTHERN RANGE COMPL
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Suggested citation: Yellowstone Nat
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c=J Northern Winter Range _ Boundar
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Aspen, willows, and biodiversity ..
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vii
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THE NORTHERN RANGE xii range criter
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L ~I , }! \,.'1. J 4 f ; " IF , , 1
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 2 Figure 1.1. Ph
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THE NORTHERN RANGE tion. There was
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 6 Figure 1.6. Gr
Page 24 and 25: THE NORTHERN RANGE 8 Figure 1.8. El
Page 26 and 27: THE NORTHERN RANGE 10 unpopular or
Page 28 and 29: THE NORTHERN RANGE 12 earlier Yello
Page 30 and 31: , ! ~ , I~ " 1 \, • .' '-, , \, ,
Page 32 and 33: THE NORTHERN RANGE 16 Northern rang
Page 34 and 35: Figure 2.3. Sum ot rotal annual riv
Page 36 and 37: THE NORTHERN RANGE 20 Figure 2.4 Tr
Page 38 and 39: THE NORTHERN RANGE 22 dendrochronol
Page 40 and 41: THE NORTHERN RANGE 24 Figure 2.7. A
Page 42 and 43: THE NORTHERN RANGE 26 et al. (1991)
Page 44 and 45: THE NORTHERN RANGE 28 earlier time,
Page 46 and 47: .', P (/ i0~ , • 9 ~ § , , ~ , i
Page 48 and 49: THE NORTHERN RANGE 32 systems-range
Page 50 and 51: THE NORTHERN RANGE 34 indicates the
Page 52 and 53: THE NORTHERN RANGE 36 Data were gat
Page 54 and 55: THE NORTHERN RANGE 38 grazed and un
Page 56 and 57: THE NORTHERN RANGE showed that graz
Page 58 and 59: , ~ , • V , '. ~ ;' t ~ " ~ .' .~
Page 60 and 61: Figure 4.1. Northern range, showing
Page 62 and 63: Figure 4.2. Willow distribution in
Page 64 and 65: THE NORTHERN RANGE 48 Figure 4.4. I
Page 66 and 67: THE NORTHERN RANGE 50 public lands,
Page 68 and 69: THE NORTIlERN RANGE 52 Figure 4.5.
Page 70 and 71: THE NORTHERN RANGE 54 able uncertai
Page 72 and 73: THE NORTHERN RANGE 56 to confirm an
Page 76 and 77: , , ~4", ~ , rj] \fl ~ , '. .> ~ ~\
Page 78 and 79: THE NORTHERN RANGE 62 Figure 5.1 Mo
Page 80 and 81: THE NORTHERN RANGE 64 channels in t
Page 82 and 83: ~, ~ ~ '. ~ I ~ , " -'~," " ""l" P
Page 84 and 85: Figure 6.1. Yellowstone's northern
Page 86 and 87: THE NORTHERN RANGE 70 were purchase
Page 88 and 89: THE NORTHERN RANGE 72 Figure 6.3. N
Page 90 and 91: THE NORTHERN RANGE 74 Montana State
Page 92 and 93: THE NORTHERN RANGE 76 conditions on
Page 94: THE NORTHERN RANGE 78 to point out
Page 97 and 98: ELK AND OTHER WILDLIFE SPECIES ELK
Page 99 and 100: ELK AND OTHER SPECIES 83 Figure 7.1
Page 101 and 102: ELK AND OTHER SPECIES 85 Figure 7.4
Page 103 and 104: ELK AND OTHER SPECIES 87 Northern W
Page 105 and 106: ELK AND OTHER SPECIES 89 - c:::J No
Page 107 and 108: ELK AND OTHER SPECIES 91 (number of
Page 109 and 110: ELK AND OTHER SPECIES 93 lowlands a
Page 111 and 112: ELK AND OTHER SPECIES 95 whose numb
Page 113 and 114: ELK AND OTHER SPECIES 97 In an aeri
Page 115 and 116: ELK AND OTHER SPECIES 99 the end, h
Page 117 and 118: CONCLUSIONS Wildlife management pol
Page 119 and 120: CONCLUSIONS 103 efforts of previous
Page 121 and 122: CONCLUSIONS 105 observations. 1. Th
Page 123 and 124: 107 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The text was wr
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Appendix B. Ungulate Counts and Est
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111 Elk counts, population estimate
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113 Bison winter numbers, 1901-1997
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115 Counts and estimates of moose i
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117 Counts of moose observed by aer
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119 Year Northern Yellowstone winte
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121 Counts of mule deer on Yellowst
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123 Actual Count Date 1922 Late Nov
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125 Actual count Inside Outside Est
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127 Counts and estimates of bighorn
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129 Actual cQllnla Estimate Data Ye
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131 Year Aerial Count Ground Count
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Anderson, J.E., M.B. Coughenour, D.
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Chase, A. 1986. Playing God in Yell
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Duffield, J. and J. Holliman. 1988.
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__ . 1976. Research on ungulates in
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Mack, J.A., and F. Singer. 1992a. P
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Yellowstone. U.S. Government Printi
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THE NORTHERl'l RANGE __ , and __ .
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510:101-115. Smith, D.W., S. Consol
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The publication of this study was m
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