Yellowstone's Northern Range - Greater Yellowstone Science ...

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__ , and __ . 1996a. Preburn root biomass! basal area influences on the response of aspen to fire and herbivory. Pages 95-103 in J. Greenlee, ed. The ecological implications offlIe in Greater Yellowstone: proceedings of the second biennial conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. International Association of Wildland Fire, Fairfield, Wash. __ , and __ . 1996b. Notes on postfire aspen seedling establishment. Pages 105-106 in J. Greenlee, ed. The ecological implications of fire in Greater Yellowstone: proceedings of the second biennial conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. International Association of Wildland Fire, Fairfield, Wash. __ , __ , and D. Clark. 1994. Abstract: Aspen seedlings following the 1988 Yellowstone fires. Pages 335-337 in D. Despain, ed. Plants and their environments: proceedings of the first scientific conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Technical Report NPSINRYELLI NRTR. USDI, NPS, Denver. Robisch, E., and RG. Wright. 1995. Ungulate management in U.S. national parks: the results of a survey. Natural resources technical report NPSINRUIINRTR-95115. USDI, NPS, University of Idaho, Moscow. 42pp. Rolston, H.R 1990. Biology and philosophy in Yellowstone. Biology and Philosophy 5:241- 258. Romme, W.H., and D. G. Despain. 1989a. The Yellowstone fires. Scientific American 261(5):37-46. __ , and __ . 1989b. Historical perspective on the Yellowstone flIes of 1988. BioScience 39(10):695-699. __ , and D.H. Knight. 1982. Landscape diversity: the concept applied to Yellowstone Park. BioScience 32(8):664-670. __ , and M.G. Turner. 1991. Implications of global climate change for biogeographic patterns in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem. Conservation Biology 5(3):373-386. __ , __ , RH. Gardner, W.W. Hargrove, G.A. Tuskan, D.G. Despain, and R.A. Renkin. In press. A rare episode of sexual reproduction in aspen (Populus tremulaides) following the 1988 Yellowstone fires. Natural Areas Journal. __ , __ , L.L. Wallace, and J.S. Walker. 1995. Aspen, elk, and fire in northern Yellowstone National Park. Ecology 76(7):2097-2106. Rosgen, D.L. 1993. Stream classification, streambank erosion and fluvial interpretations for the Lamar River and main tributaries. Final REFERENCE LIST 144 contract report to the National Park Service, Wildland Hydrology, Pagosa Springs, Colo. 22pp. Ross, R.L. 1992. The overgrazing of Yellowstone. Montana Stockgrower, January/February 1992, Pages 10-12. __ . 1993. The degradation of Yellowstone. Rangelands 1(3):26-27. Rush, W.M. 1927. Game management plan Yellowstone elk herd. U.S. Forest Service report, Gardiner District, Gallatin National Forest files. 8pp. __ . 1932. Northern Yellowstone elk study. Montana Fish and Game Commission, Helena. 131pp. St. John, RA. 1995. Aspen stand recruitment and ungulate impacts: Gardiner Ranger District, Gardiner, Montana. M.S. Thesis, University of Montana, Missoula. 92pp. Schullery, P. 1984. Mountain time. Nick Lyons Books!Schocken, N.Y. 221pp. __ . 1986. Drawing the lines in Yellowstone: the American bison as symbol and scourge. Orion 5(4):33-43. __ . 1989a. Yellowstone elk and bison: a midwinter report. Park Science 9(3):19. __ . 1989b. The flIes and fire policy. BioScience 39(10):686-694. __ . 1989c. Feral fish and kayak tracks, thoughts on the writing of a new Leopold Report. George Wright Forum 6(4):41-47. __ . 1992. The bears of Yellowstone. High Plains Publishing Company, Worland, Wyo. 318pp. __ . 1995a. Yellowstone's slei pioneers. High Plains Publishing Company, Worland, Wyo. 158pp. __ . 1995b. The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Pages 312-314 in Our living resources. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service, Washington, D.C. __ . 1996. The Yellowstone wolf: a guide and sourcebook. High Plains Publishing Company, Worland, Wyo. 350pp. __ . 1997. Searching for Yellowstone: ecology and wonder in the last wilderness. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 240pp. In press. __ , and L. Whittlesey. 1992. The documentary record of wolves and related wildlife species in the Yellowstone National Park area prior to 1882. Pages 1-3 to 1-173 in J. D. Varley and W. G. Brewster, eds. Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress, volume 4, research and analysis. NPS, Yellowstone National Park, Wyo.
THE NORTHERl'l RANGE __ , and __ . 1995. A summary of the documentary record of wolves and other wildlife species in the Yellowstone National Park area prior to 1882. Pages 63-76 in Carbyn, L.N., S.H. Fritts, and D.R. Seip, eds. Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, occasional publication No. 35. __ , and __ . in prep. Greater Yellowstone predators: a history of changing attitudes. paper presented at the third biennial scientific conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystern, 1995. Scott, M.D. 1992. Buck-and-pole fence crossings by 4 ungulate species. Wildlife Society Bulletin 20:204-210. __ . and H. Geisser. 1996. Pronghorn migration and habitat use following the 1988 Yellowstone fires. Pages 123-132 in J. Greenlee, ed. The ecologicaJ implications of fire in Greater Yellowstone: proceedings of the second biennial conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. International Association of Wildland Fire, Fairfield, Wash. Seton, E.T. 1929. Lives of garne animals. Vol. 4, pI. 2. Doubleday, Doran & Company, Garden City, N.Y. Servheen, C., R. Knight, D. Mattson, S. Mealey, D. Strickland, J. Varley, and J. Weaver. 1986. Report to the IGBC on the availability of foods for grizzly bears in the Yellowstone ecosystem. NPS administrative report, Yellowstone National Park files. 21 pp. Shovic, H.P. 1994. Landscapes of northwestern Yellowstone National Park: soils, landforms, and vegetation characteristics with interpretations for erosion potential and productivity. Pages 273-283 in D. Despain, ed. Plants and their environments: proceedings of the first scientific conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Technical Report NPSINRYELLI NRTR. USDI, NPS, Denver. __ . 1996. Soil quality, erosion potential, and site productivity on landscapes in northwestern Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Pages 245-264 in F.J. Singer, ed. Effects of grazing by wild ungulates in Yellowstone National Park. Technical Report NPSINRYELLINRTR/96-01, NPS, Natural Resource Information Division, Denver. __ , J. Mohrman, and R. Ewing. 1988. Major erosive lands in the upper Yellowstone River drainage from Livingston, Montana to Yellowstone Lake outlet, Yellowstone National Park. Yellowstone fisheries office, U.S. Fish 145 and Wildlife Service. 36pp. __,__, and __. 1996. Major erosive lands in the upper Yellowstone River drainage basin. Pages 219-244 in P.J. Singer, ed. Effects of grazing by wild ungulates in Yellowstone NationaJ Park. Technical Report NPS/ NRYELLINRTR/96-01, NPS, Natural Resource Information Division, Denver. Sikes, D.S. 1994. Influences of ungulate carcasses on coleopteran communities in Yellowstone National Park, USA. M.S. thesis, Montana State University. 151pp. Sinclair, A.R.E. 1989. Population regulation in animals. Pages 197-241 in J.M. Cherrett, ed. Ecological concepts: the contribution of ecology to an understanding of the natural world. The 29th symposium of the British Ecological Society. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. Singer, FJ. 1989. Yellowstone's northern range revisited. Park Science 9(5):18-19. __. 1990a. The ungulate prey base for wolves in Yellowstone National Park I: five species on the northern range, elk parkwide. Pages 2-3 to 2-37 in Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress, Volume 2, research and analysis. NPS, Yellowstone National Park, Wyo. __. 1990b. Some predictions concerning a wolf recovery into Yellowstone NationaJ Park: how wolf recovery may affect park visitors, ungulates, and other predators. Pages 4-3 to 4- 34 in Wolves for Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress, Volume 2, research and analysis. NPS, Yellowstone NationaJ Park, Wyo. __. 1991a. Some predictions concerning a wolf recovery into Yellowstone National Park: how wolf recovery may affect park visitors, ungUlates, and other predators. Transactions of the 56th North American Wildlife & Natural Resource Conference 56:567-583. __. 1991b. The ungulate prey base for wolves in Yellowstone National Park. Pages 323-348 in R. Keiter and M. Boyce, eds., The greater Yellowstone ecosystem: redefining America's wilderness hedt.ge. Yale University Press, New Haven. __. 1995. Grassland responses to elk and other ungulate grazing on the northern winter range of Yellowstone National Park. Northwest Science 69:191-203. __. 1996a. Effects of grazing by ungulates on upland bunchgr.ss communities of the northern winter range of Yellowstone National Park.
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YELLOW"STONE'S NORTHERN RANGE COMPL
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Suggested citation: Yellowstone Nat
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c=J Northern Winter Range _ Boundar
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Aspen, willows, and biodiversity ..
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vii
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THE NORTHERN RANGE xii range criter
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 2 Figure 1.1. Ph
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THE NORTHERN RANGE tion. There was
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 6 Figure 1.6. Gr
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 8 Figure 1.8. El
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 10 unpopular or
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 12 earlier Yello
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 16 Northern rang
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Figure 2.3. Sum ot rotal annual riv
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 20 Figure 2.4 Tr
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 22 dendrochronol
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 24 Figure 2.7. A
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 26 et al. (1991)
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 28 earlier time,
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.', P (/ i0~ , • 9 ~ § , , ~ , i
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 32 systems-range
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 34 indicates the
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 36 Data were gat
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 38 grazed and un
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THE NORTHERN RANGE showed that graz
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Figure 4.1. Northern range, showing
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Figure 4.2. Willow distribution in
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 48 Figure 4.4. I
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 50 public lands,
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THE NORTIlERN RANGE 52 Figure 4.5.
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 54 able uncertai
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 56 to confirm an
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 58 RESEARCH RECO
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SOIL, EROSION, SEDIMENTS, AND WATER
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SOIL, EROSION, SEDIMENTS, AND WATER
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ated with ungulate winter ranges. T
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES IS YELLOWSTON
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ange grazing issue, Yellowstone man
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 71 ... Other
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 73 1996d), so
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 75 the northe
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 77 It has evo
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 82 Competition t
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Figure 7.3. Bison winter range. Sin
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THE NORTHERN RANGE Figure 7.7. Envi
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 88 not aware of
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 90 tion size, an
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 92 activity (95
Page 110 and 111: THE NORTHERN RANGE 94 pursue the su
Page 112 and 113: THE NORTHERN RANGE 96 factors were
Page 114 and 115: THE NORTHERN RANGE Figure 7.13. Num
Page 116 and 117: , .. , , " , ! I ." ~, ~ " ,.\ ,•
Page 118 and 119: THE NORTHERN RANGE 102 complex set
Page 120 and 121: THE NORTHERN RANGE 104 practically
Page 122 and 123: THE NORTHERN RANGE 106 appear suppr
Page 124 and 125: AppendixA. Conferences, Meetings, a
Page 126 and 127: lJO Year Estimate Comment Source 19
Page 128 and 129: lJ2 , Estimated # of Elk Year Date
Page 130 and 131: lJ4 Winter Total Count 1967-68 397
Page 132 and 133: 116 Year Date of Count Parkwide Par
Page 134 and 135: 118 Counts and estimates of mule de
Page 136 and 137: 120 Northern Yellowstone winter ran
Page 138 and 139: 122 Population estimates and reduct
Page 140 and 141: 124 Actual count Inside Outside Est
Page 142 and 143: Pronghorn counted during spring sur
Page 144 and 145: 128 Year 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1
Page 146 and 147: Ground and aerial counts of bighorn
Page 148 and 149: REFERENCE LIST NOTES ON THIS REFERE
Page 150 and 151: Pages 199-210 in Carbyn, L.N., S.H.
Page 152 and 153: Yellowstone National Park. Technica
Page 154 and 155: mammal mortality in the 1988 Yellow
Page 156 and 157: National Park. International Journa
Page 158 and 159: Mehus, C.A. 1995. Influences ofbraw
Page 162 and 163: Pages 127-138 in F.J. Singer, ed. E
Page 164 and 165: some northern Yellowstone elk. M.S.
Page 166: I I I I I
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