Yellowstone's Northern Range - Greater Yellowstone Science ...

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124 Actual count Inside Outside Estimated Artificial Data Date Total park park population~ reduction Comments from sources source c 1941 Mar. 24 784 776 8 900 Though weather and snow not favorable for easy and thorough 23 count, it was considered reasonably successful. Less accurate than 1940. Count by 9 men. Herd size same as in 1940. Count by area: Reese Cr.-Gardiner-446, Gardiner-Mammoth-58, Gardiner-Mt. Everts-272, 8 outside were at Cinnabar Mt. 1942 ? 900 24 1943 ? "Some losses occurred during the winter and 58 carcasses were found during the dead animal count." 25 1944 Fall 1945 Feb. 21-22 1946 Mar. 26 1947 April Fall 773 698 726 47 698 Not covered 800 800 545 625 1948 Jan. 6 409 162-337 72-147 1948 Feb. 10 342 1949 Feb. 1 1950 ? 1951 Feb. 21-22 Fall 410 215 1953 Feb. 12 382 Fall 1953 Dec. 15 485 Some 23 387 367 15 400 400 270 460 See Eleven men; probably missed very few. Count by areas: Reese 27 comments Cr.-Gardiner-624, Mt. Everts-68, Mammoth-34, north of park to Mol Heron Cr.-47. In fall. 1945, Montana F. and G. Dept. tried unsuccessfully to trap just north of park boundary. See Favorable counting conditions. Count by 10 men in park was 28 comments reasonably accurate. Lower count than in 1945 probably due to wider distribution out of park (not covered) rather than reduced numbers. Authority to reduce herd to 400 granted in summer. 1946. Trapping in fall. 1945, caused unusual disturbance. Count by areas: Reese Cr. and boundary-72, Gardiner-Reese Cr.-53S. Mt. Everts-8S. 294 236 trapped in Jan. 1947,58 on Dec. 16, 1947. During Dec. 16 29 trapping 12" of heavy crusted snow at the tree nursery. After January trapping most pronghorn remained out of park as far as Carbella but returned by March 1. ? 258 Poor weather; favorable counting conditions; count a fair 30 appraisal of current numbers. Aerial checks during trapping prior to ground count indicated not many more than 400. Count by areas: Mt. Everts-85, Stephens Cr.-Mammoth-77. Stephens Cr. Cinnabar Mtn.-175, Cinnabar Mtn.-CarbeUa-72. Poor weather handicapped 13 counters and caused pronghorn to seek shelter. This count plus one in Jan. indicates about 400 pronghorn after 1947 reduction. Count by areas: Mt. Everts-D. Mammoth-Stephen's Cr.-146, Stephens Cr.-Devils Slide-196, Devils Slide-Carbella-O. Highly successful count. Weather and other conditions unusually favorable. All known pronghorn range covered. Boundary- Cinnabar Mtn.-387. Stephens Cr.-Reese Cr.-23. Studies show that not over 200 pronghorn should be retained until 33 seriously over-used winter range improves. Livetrapping done in Jan. and Feb. Winter range almost snowfree and animals were widely scattered with many much higher than usual. Recent airplane herding partly responsible. Mild, little snow, pronghorn in small bands and scattered, but 36 counters felt they saw nearly all animals and avoided duplication. Count by area: Mt. Everts-71, Reese Cr. to Chinaman's Garden- 296, Beattie Gulch-8, bench north of Cinnabar Mtn.-7. Approval granted to reduce herd to 100-125 animals. All range to Corwin Springs was covered by 10 men. Count believed to be fairly accurate. Count by area: Stephens Cr. north-125, Stephens Cr.- Mammoth-219. N. end Mt. Everts-141. 26 31 32 34 35
125 Actual count Inside Outside Estimated Artificial Date Total park park population' reduction Comments from sources 1954 Dec. 334 207 Livetrapping was in early 1954. 1955 Fall 400 207 Trapping tried in early 1955, but unsuccessful. 1956 March 356431 356-431 Helicopter census. Good conditions. Total seen was 356 with possibly 75 more on North end Mt. Everts where separation of bands was questionable. 1956 Dec. 395 385 10 Ideal counting conditions. 1957 330 120 Livetrapping was in February. 1958 Feb. 20 158 158 Not Seven men, poor counting conditions. "I seriously question the covered completeness of the recent count, as antelope very probably were dispersed over more area than that. .. covered ..." 1959 ? 400 1961 Mar. 299 299 Not Helicoptered census specifically for pronghorn. 17 covered 1962 Apr. 4 278 300 Helicopter census specifically for pronghorn; 35 min. flying time; coverage to about 1 mile north of park boundary. 1963 Springb 350 1964 Spring b 350 25 Livetrapping Dec. 16, 1964. 1965 Jan. 5 182-210 300 7 Partial helicopter census in conjunction with livetrapping of Springb pronghorn. Livetrapping Jan. 6, 1965, 1966 Spring b 200 94 Reduction by shooting between summer 1965 and April 1966. 1967 March 188 188 0 200 6 Reduction by shooting in October 1967. Helicopter census; good Spring h to excellent condition; partial coverage outside park; probably included 95 % of pronghorn on winter range inside the park. 1968 Dec. 149 200 Special pronghorn census from Piper Supercub. Spring b 1968 Mar. 85 43 42 Helicopter census specifically for pronghorn. Area outside of park covered to Carbella but not as intensively as inside park. Severe winter had caused many to leave the park; hard to get complete count. 1969 Mar 133 133 150 Special antelope count by Piper Supercub. Partial coverage Spring h outside park, but not as intensive as inside. 1970 Jan. 158 170 Comments as above. Spring b Data source C 37 37 38 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 a Date for which estimate applies unknown unless otherwise indicated. h Spring before fawns are born. DATA SOURCES: (1) Skinner, 1922; (2) Bailey, 1930; (3) Superintendent's Annual Report, 1912; (4) Halloran and Glass, 1959; (5) Superintendent's Annual Report, 1918; (6) Superintendent's Annual Report, 1920; (7) Woodring, 1922 for count, Superintendent's Annual Report for 1921-22 for estimate; (8) Loyster, 1922; (9) Superintendent's Annual Report, 1923; (10) Woodring, 1924; (11) Superintendent's annual report, 1925; (12) Superintendent's Annual Report, 1926; (13) Superintendent's Annual Report, 1927; (14) Baggley, n.d.; (15) Baggley, 1931; (16) Anonymous, 1933; (17) Anonymous, 1936; (18) Skinner, 1936b; (19) Barrows, 1937b; (20) Barrows, 19~8b; (21) Barrows, 1939b; (22) Barrows, 1940; (23) Skinner, 1941a; (24) Superintendent's Annual Report, 1942; (25) Superintendent's Annual Report, 1943; (26) Anonymous, 1944; (27) Anonymous 1945a,b; (28) Anonymous, 1946; (29) Rogers, 1948 for the count, Kittams, 1947 for the estimate, LaNoue, 1948a for the reduction; (30) Grimm, 1948; (31) LaNoue, 1948b; (32) Joffe, 1949 for count, Anonymous, 1949a for estimate; (33) Anonymous, 1950; (34) Johnston, 1951 for count, Evans, 1951 for estimate; (35) Chapman, 1953; (36) Kittams, 1953b for count, Kittams, 1953b for estimate, Superintendent's annual report, 1953; (37) Anonymous, 1955; (38) Kittams, 1956; (39) Kittams, 1957a; (40) Kittams, 1958b; (41) Chapman, 1960; (42) Howe, 1961b; (43) Howe, 1962a for count, Howe, 1962b for estimate, Management Assistant for <strong>Yellowstone</strong> National Park, 1962 for coverage; (44) Howe, 1963b; (45) Howe, 1964; (46) Barmore, 1965b for count; Howe, 1965c for estimate, (47) Barmore, 1966; (48) Bannore 1967b for count, Barmore, 1967c for estimate; (49) this study for count, Barmore, 1968a for estimate; (50) Barmore, 1968b; (51) this study; (52) this study for count, Bucknall, 1970 for estimate.
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YELLOW"STONE'S NORTHERN RANGE COMPL
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Suggested citation: Yellowstone Nat
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c=J Northern Winter Range _ Boundar
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Aspen, willows, and biodiversity ..
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vii
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THE NORTHERN RANGE xii range criter
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 2 Figure 1.1. Ph
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THE NORTHERN RANGE tion. There was
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 6 Figure 1.6. Gr
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 8 Figure 1.8. El
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 10 unpopular or
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 12 earlier Yello
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 16 Northern rang
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Figure 2.3. Sum ot rotal annual riv
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 20 Figure 2.4 Tr
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 22 dendrochronol
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 24 Figure 2.7. A
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 26 et al. (1991)
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 28 earlier time,
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 32 systems-range
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 34 indicates the
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 36 Data were gat
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 38 grazed and un
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THE NORTHERN RANGE showed that graz
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Figure 4.1. Northern range, showing
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Figure 4.2. Willow distribution in
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 48 Figure 4.4. I
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 50 public lands,
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THE NORTIlERN RANGE 52 Figure 4.5.
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 54 able uncertai
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 56 to confirm an
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 58 RESEARCH RECO
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SOIL, EROSION, SEDIMENTS, AND WATER
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SOIL, EROSION, SEDIMENTS, AND WATER
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ated with ungulate winter ranges. T
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES IS YELLOWSTON
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ange grazing issue, Yellowstone man
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ELK POPULATION ISSUES 71 ... Other
Page 89 and 90: ELK POPULATION ISSUES 73 1996d), so
Page 91 and 92: ELK POPULATION ISSUES 75 the northe
Page 93 and 94: ELK POPULATION ISSUES 77 It has evo
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Page 98 and 99: THE NORTHERN RANGE 82 Competition t
Page 100 and 101: Figure 7.3. Bison winter range. Sin
Page 102 and 103: THE NORTHERN RANGE Figure 7.7. Envi
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Page 106 and 107: THE NORTHERN RANGE 90 tion size, an
Page 108 and 109: THE NORTHERN RANGE 92 activity (95
Page 110 and 111: THE NORTHERN RANGE 94 pursue the su
Page 112 and 113: THE NORTHERN RANGE 96 factors were
Page 114 and 115: THE NORTHERN RANGE Figure 7.13. Num
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Page 118 and 119: THE NORTHERN RANGE 102 complex set
Page 120 and 121: THE NORTHERN RANGE 104 practically
Page 122 and 123: THE NORTHERN RANGE 106 appear suppr
Page 124 and 125: AppendixA. Conferences, Meetings, a
Page 126 and 127: lJO Year Estimate Comment Source 19
Page 128 and 129: lJ2 , Estimated # of Elk Year Date
Page 130 and 131: lJ4 Winter Total Count 1967-68 397
Page 132 and 133: 116 Year Date of Count Parkwide Par
Page 134 and 135: 118 Counts and estimates of mule de
Page 136 and 137: 120 Northern Yellowstone winter ran
Page 138 and 139: 122 Population estimates and reduct
Page 142 and 143: Pronghorn counted during spring sur
Page 144 and 145: 128 Year 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1
Page 146 and 147: Ground and aerial counts of bighorn
Page 148 and 149: REFERENCE LIST NOTES ON THIS REFERE
Page 150 and 151: Pages 199-210 in Carbyn, L.N., S.H.
Page 152 and 153: Yellowstone National Park. Technica
Page 154 and 155: mammal mortality in the 1988 Yellow
Page 156 and 157: National Park. International Journa
Page 158 and 159: Mehus, C.A. 1995. Influences ofbraw
Page 160 and 161: __ , and __ . 1996a. Preburn root b
Page 162 and 163: Pages 127-138 in F.J. Singer, ed. E
Page 164 and 165: some northern Yellowstone elk. M.S.
Page 166: I I I I I
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