Yellowstone's Northern Range - Greater Yellowstone Science ...

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lJO Year Estimate Comment Source 1913 32,967 1914 35,209 1915 27,800 37,192 1916 11,515-11,564 1917 10,769-17,422 1918 20,700 1919 18,694 1920 No census "A census of elk in and along the north line of the park was taken between April 9 and May I...The elk were in excellent condition all winter, and but few dead ones were found ... " "A census was made again of the elk, comprising the northern herd in the park, between April 11 and May 2 ... " Quoting Supt. YNP for winter herd in Lamar and <strong>Yellowstone</strong> River Valleys. "At best these estimates are inaccurate and in many cases it is impossible to tell just how many belong to onc herd or if the animals are included in estimates of different herds," Estimated total. "The weather was so mild and there was so little snow in March and April that the elk went up to higher ground earlier than usual, and it was impractical to take an accurate census of them." The former reported as a count including elk in the Madison, Gallatin, and <strong>Yellowstone</strong> River valleys; the latter was an estimate for the total herd. Additional reports of censuses exist in 1916 and contribute to controversy discussed in depth by Houston. The former reported as a census occurring between May 26 and June 9; the latter estimate comes from adding nearly 7,000 elk not seen. "The northern group comprises slightly more than 19,000, the number having been determined by actual count conducted in the spring of 1917 ..." "Game animals were reported during the month [of January] as follows" (Numbers approximate) ... " "In connection with their patrols, the rangers in the most important districts during March made a count of the elk. The total...not including those in GaUatin and Riverside districts nor those now ranging outside of the park, amounted to 18,694." Houston discusses in detail "the epitome of confusion [that] occurred during the winter of 1919-1920", which resulted in many "patently incorrect" reports of a disastrous winter and population crash. Supt. Brett Supt. Brett Simpson and Bailey, U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Biological Survey Supt. Brett Bailey, and U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Biological Surv. unpubl. rept. Supt. Lindsley and Gallatin NF Supv. Nelson rept. Graves and Nelson Supt. Lindsley Acting Supt. Hill Numerous, cited in Houston
111 Elk counts, population estimates, and numbers of animals removed by hunting and/or management reduction programs, 1922-1996, (Data for 1922-1976 is from Houston 1982; data for 1975-1996 from T, Lemke et aI., Montana Dept. Fish, Wildlife and Parks, unpubl. data,) Estimated # of Elk Year Date Actual Count Population" Removed Comments 1922-23 82 1923-24 55 1924-25 425 1925-26 168 1926-27 826 1927-28 1,716 1928-29 15 1929-30 8,257 422 1930-31 7,696 318 Considered to be a very poor census. 1931-32 10,624 327 1932-33 11,521 179 1933-34 10,042 147 1934-35 10,112 3,265 Combined ground and aerial counts; other census data are ground counts unless otherwise indicated. 1935-36 10,281 2,844 1936-37 8,794 831 1937-38 10,976 3,823 1938-39 3,278 1939-40 138 1940-41 287 1941-42 2,216 1942-43 8,235 7,230 1943-44 135 1944-45 403 1945-46 8,513 2,167 1946-47 3,145 1947-48 7,815 1,009 1948-49 9,496 2,286 1949-50 874 1950-51 2,083 1951-52 3,800 1952-53 282 1953-54 809 1954-55 1,361 1955-56 6,963 6,535 Helicopter count. 1956-57 1,289 1957-58 586 1958-59 4,884 1,706 Considered to be a very poor census; done by fixed-wing aircraft. 1959-60 859 1960-61 8,150 1,459 Done by helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft. 1961-62 5,725 4,744 Helicopter count.
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YELLOW"STONE'S NORTHERN RANGE COMPL
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 22 dendrochronol
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 26 et al. (1991)
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 28 earlier time,
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 48 Figure 4.4. I
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 50 public lands,
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THE NORTIlERN RANGE 52 Figure 4.5.
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 54 able uncertai
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 56 to confirm an
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THE NORTHERN RANGE 58 RESEARCH RECO
Page 77 and 78: SOIL, EROSION, SEDIMENTS, AND WATER
Page 79 and 80: SOIL, EROSION, SEDIMENTS, AND WATER
Page 81 and 82: ated with ungulate winter ranges. T
Page 83 and 84: ELK POPULATION ISSUES IS YELLOWSTON
Page 85 and 86: ange grazing issue, Yellowstone man
Page 87 and 88: ELK POPULATION ISSUES 71 ... Other
Page 89 and 90: ELK POPULATION ISSUES 73 1996d), so
Page 91 and 92: ELK POPULATION ISSUES 75 the northe
Page 93 and 94: ELK POPULATION ISSUES 77 It has evo
Page 96 and 97: 4 , ~ 1 v " 'It , \ J~ ~""~ .:,~ ",
Page 98 and 99: THE NORTHERN RANGE 82 Competition t
Page 100 and 101: Figure 7.3. Bison winter range. Sin
Page 102 and 103: THE NORTHERN RANGE Figure 7.7. Envi
Page 104 and 105: THE NORTHERN RANGE 88 not aware of
Page 106 and 107: THE NORTHERN RANGE 90 tion size, an
Page 108 and 109: THE NORTHERN RANGE 92 activity (95
Page 110 and 111: THE NORTHERN RANGE 94 pursue the su
Page 112 and 113: THE NORTHERN RANGE 96 factors were
Page 114 and 115: THE NORTHERN RANGE Figure 7.13. Num
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Page 118 and 119: THE NORTHERN RANGE 102 complex set
Page 120 and 121: THE NORTHERN RANGE 104 practically
Page 122 and 123: THE NORTHERN RANGE 106 appear suppr
Page 124 and 125: AppendixA. Conferences, Meetings, a
Page 128 and 129: lJ2 , Estimated # of Elk Year Date
Page 130 and 131: lJ4 Winter Total Count 1967-68 397
Page 132 and 133: 116 Year Date of Count Parkwide Par
Page 134 and 135: 118 Counts and estimates of mule de
Page 136 and 137: 120 Northern Yellowstone winter ran
Page 138 and 139: 122 Population estimates and reduct
Page 140 and 141: 124 Actual count Inside Outside Est
Page 142 and 143: Pronghorn counted during spring sur
Page 144 and 145: 128 Year 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1
Page 146 and 147: Ground and aerial counts of bighorn
Page 148 and 149: REFERENCE LIST NOTES ON THIS REFERE
Page 150 and 151: Pages 199-210 in Carbyn, L.N., S.H.
Page 152 and 153: Yellowstone National Park. Technica
Page 154 and 155: mammal mortality in the 1988 Yellow
Page 156 and 157: National Park. International Journa
Page 158 and 159: Mehus, C.A. 1995. Influences ofbraw
Page 160 and 161: __ , and __ . 1996a. Preburn root b
Page 162 and 163: Pages 127-138 in F.J. Singer, ed. E
Page 164 and 165: some northern Yellowstone elk. M.S.
Page 166: I I I I I
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