the development of russian military policy and finland

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ANNEX 1 Russia’s Military Expenditure In September 2012 the Russian government submitted to parliament the draft budget for the years 2013 to 2015. The Russian State Duma approved it for the next three years at first reading at the end of October. 228 The budget proposal subsequently passed the parliamentary process and was signed into law by the President on 5 December 2012. 229 Overall, the federal budget demonstrates the government’s commitment to responsible macroeconomic policy. The Russian government is prepared to deal with the probable drop in oil revenues, which constitute almost half of the federal government income. Russia’s finance ministry unveiled in July 2012 the direction of 2013−2015 federal state budgets, presenting a rise in defence spending by 25.8 percent for 2013 alone. 230 The total state budget for 2013 is 12 745 billion rubles (€ 316 billion; 40.3 RUR = € 1).The do c ument formed the basis for the 2013 budget presented by Prime Minister Dmitri Medvedev later in 2012. Interesting to note is that the budget plan stipulated an oil price of $92 for a barrel in 2013. The budget breakdown provides insight on the priorities of the Putin administration. More than one third of the federal government spending is assigned to defence, security and police. According to the analysis of Gaidar Institute, a leading Russian think-tank, the military spending is the only part of the budget growing in real terms in 2013−2015 with the total three-year increase of 37%. In contrast, the health care spending will be cut by 50% from the current mediocre level. The details on the defence budget are not disclosed: 50% of spending is secret. Presumably, most of the money will be spent on the rearmament of the Russian military force. 231 “Targeted ‘national defence’ spending as a percentage of GDP will amount to 3.2 percent in 2013, 3.4 percent in 2014 and 3.7 percent in 2015”, Defence Committee chairman Vladimir Komoedov was quoted as saying in the committee’s conclusion on the draft budget for 2013-2015. The spending proposals provide financing to “re-equip units with new weapon systems, military 228 Committee for Russian Economic Freedom, 2012. 229 President of Russia, 2012b. 230 Министерство финансов Российской Федерации (Ministry of Finance, Russian Federation), 2012; Nilsen, 2012. 231 Committee for Russian Economic Freedom, 2012.
66 · The Development of Russian Military Policy and Finland and special equipment and provide housing and social safeguards for service members” among other issues, Komoedov said. 232 The share of GDP relating to the total military expenditure is shown in the table. Year Total military expenditure (billion roubles) Total military expenditure (billion euros) Growth (%) Total military expenditure (as % GDP) 2012 2 798.249 46.2 + 12.3 % 4.57 % 2013 3 052.723 58.2 + 14.8 % 4.59 % 2014 3 389.244 65.8 + 11.7 % 4.58 % 2015 3 973.042 71.0 + 12.3 % 4.79 % MILITARY EXPENDITURE IN THE FEDERAL BUDGET FOR 2012–2015 233 (The total military expenditure includes spending for ‘national defence, other military expenditure, military pensions, MOD and paramilitary forces’) The share concerning other security and military services (so called “power ministries”, siloviki, Russian: силовики́) is estimated to exceed 1%. Although salaries for members of the Russian armed forces are rising fast, it is not visible in the budget. 234 The current rearmament programme (total amount of 20 000 billion roubles, approximately 500 billion euros) extends to 2020. It will be aimed more at purchasing of new armaments instead of modernizing old. In addition, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin announced already in October 2011, that the government is going to use 3000 billion roubles (around 72 billion euros) for upgrading defence industry, a necessary step for fulfilling the ongoing purchasing plans. 235 The Defence Ministry coordinates also the weapons procurement of all other “power ministries”. 236 Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin announced a detailed breakdown of the planned annual rearmament expenditure at the end of 2012 as follows: “The state defence order will reach about 1.9 trillion roubles in 2013, about 2.2 trillion in 2014 and 2.8 trillion in 2015”, and is expected to stay at that level until the end of the decade. 237 232 Fedorenko, 2012. 233 Cooper, 2012. 234 Arkhipov, 2011. 235 Rosbalt, 6 October 2011 [http://www.rosbalt.ru/business/2011/10/06/898103.html]. 236 Fedorenko 2012. 237 RIA Novosti, 27 December 2012, Russia to Triple State Defense Order by 2015, [http://en.rian.ru/military_news/20121227/178443375.html].
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN MILITARY
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Stefan Forss, Lauri Kiianlinna, Per
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CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i 1 INTR
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The powerful revi
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The current ground forces east and
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v Comparisons in which Finland’s
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Previously published in this series
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No 25, 2004 Joonas Sipilä, Erko Mi
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Strategian laitos Maanpuolustuskork
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