Innovation in Global Power - Parsons Brinckerhoff

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Distributing Power to Users http://www.pbworld.com/news_events/publications/network/ • Capacitor banks. Switched, kVAr controlled, pole mounted capacitor banks with the single pole vacuum switches have been proposed for this project. The latest technology development is related to the vacuum switch and the control unit. The zero voltage closing facility is introduced to reduce transient effects due to capacitor bank closing operation (Figure 1 and Figure 2). Figure 1: Voltage profile without zero voltage closing facility. The Challenges We Faced We faced challenges during different project activities such as data collection, autorecloser location pinpointing, capacitor bank calculation and design. • Data collection. The feeder topology data were required for the autorecloser pinpointing and capacitor bank placement study. The site survey was not the most effective method of gathering data because more than 270 11 kV OHL feeders are distributed over 11,275 km 2 (4,350 square miles). As a solution, we used the AADC geographical information Figure 2: Voltage profile with zero voltage closing facility. Figure 3: The sample MVAr demand profile. system (GIS) as a source for conductor data, cable data, distribution transformer and other feeder topology data collection. • Autorecloser location pinpointing. The challenge was to propose autorecloser locations taking into consideration the similar average number of customers per autorecloser and the different regional demographies. The constraints were to propose autorecloser locations on existing free H poles close to the existing access roads. We used the combination of the GIS data collection and the site survey to verify proposed locations. • Capacitor bank study. The AADC 11 kV OHL network is facing huge MVAr demand fluctuation, not only between the summer and the winter period, but also within the same month (Figure 3). Some feeders are short ones, and some of them are extremely large. Some feeders are lightly loaded with only a few distribution transformers connected, and some of them are overloaded with more than 150 distribution transformers connected. It was quite a challenge to propose capacitor unit and capacitor bank rating to satisfy the uniformity request and to cover all feeders load diversity. Conclusions The majority of the transient faults, as the most frequent power supply interruption factor, will be cleared with the autorecloser closest to the primary substation. Depending of the total number of customers connected to the feeder, additional autoreclosers are provided to reduce permanent faults impact on the network performance indices. After the capacitor banks installation, AADC benefits will be the power factor improvement, loss reduction and released feeder capacity. The loss reduction savings only will provide return on investment in less than two years period. PB has made a significant contribution to this pioneering project in Abu Dhabi Emirate, a project that will serve as an example for future distribution network development projects. It is the first of its kind for AADC, and one that will be referenced for other distribution network performance improvements in the region. Related Web Sites: • http://www.aadc.ae/ Aleksandar Nikolic is PMP certified project manager and is a principal resident engineer with PB Power Networks Abu Dhabi. His specialization is project management, power transmission and distribution. He has more than 22 years of experience including almost 2 years with PB. PB Network #68 / August 2008 78
Distributing Power to Users http://www.pbworld.com/news_events/publications/network/ Energy Demand Management Programs in Western Sydney By Hanzheng Duo, Sydney, New South Wales, +61-2-92725168, hduo@pb.com.au The importance of demand management is increasing as the needs grow for more electricity but fewer carbon emissions and for sustainable network development. The topic of this article is a network-driven demand management approach for Western Sydney’s Wetherill Park industrial area, where reductions were made at the localized sub-zone level. Figure 1: Map of Integral Energy’s network supply area. Related Web Sites: • http://www.integral.com.au/ 1 To read about PB’s work on the Demand Management and Planning Project (DMPP) for New South Wales Department of Planning, see “Demand management for Sydney CBD and Inner West Area” by Hanzheng Duo and Damir Jaksic, PB Network, Issue No. 65, pp. 90-91. Integral Energy’s electricity distribution network in western Sydney serves more than 2.1 million people across 24,500 square kilometres (9,500 square miles) (Figure 1). The network is made up of approximately 28,000 transmission, zone and distribution substations and 315,000 power poles bound together by 33,000 kilometres (20,000 miles) of underground and overhead cable. Western Sydney has experienced rapid development in recent years due to new release areas and a booming economy. As a result, an ongoing trend within Integral Energy’s supply area is the transformation of the network from one that serves a rural or semi-rural to one that serves a more densely populated urban area. Summer peak demand has been growing quickly also, driven primarily by air conditioning loads in residential areas. This growth is reflected in the summer demand forecasts shown in Figure 2. The rapid growth in demand has been a great challenge to maintaining the network reliability and to sustainable development. The various areas In Western Sydney are experiencing demand growth at different rates. While Integral Energy is planning network augmentation to ensure system reliability, it is also pursuing demand side management (DSM) and other energy efficiency measures as alternatives to supply-side solutions. PB was hired in 2005 to serve as technical advisor and provide program management services for a number of DSM programs for western Sydney. DSM Approach The concept behind DSM is to reduce peak demands to below the network capacity limits in the parts of the network (localised programs) where required and, by so doing, defer or avoid capital expenditure. Peak demands tend to occur relatively infrequently. They pose a substantial risk that the network might not be able to supply the needed power, however, making it important that supply networks have sufficient capacity for handling these peak demands. Government supports the DSM approach. Electricity distributors in New South Wales (NSW) operate under the NSW Electricity Supply Act 1995, which includes a licence requirement to investigate demand management alternatives to network augmentation for specific capital expenditure projects. The approach to DSM in western Sydney is different from the approach we have taken in large, densely populated areas. For example, a goal of the demand management planning project for Sydney's central business district was to collect information from a wide range of areas. 1 On our current project, Integral Energy’s DSM programs concentrate on demand reduction for smaller networks, or zone substations. As with any demand management program, however, the challenge is to manage the changing consumer behaviour by developing and implementing a suite of initiatives aimed at encouraging them to reduce energy consumption at particular times. Wetherill Park Industrial Area DSM The Wetherill Park industrial area has been experiencing steady growth of about 1.7 percent per year and the substation supplying the industrial and surrounding residential Figure 2: Summer demand forecasts. 79 PB Network #68 / August 2008
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Innovation in Global Power - Parsons Brinckerhoff

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