Risk-Based Inspection

More documents

Recommendations

Info

API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Failure modes identify how the damaged component will fail (e.g. by leakage or by rupture). 失效模式确定损坏的组件将如何失败 ( 例如 , 由泄漏或破裂 ) Understanding failure modes is important for three reasons: 了解故障模式有三个重要原因 ( 有助于 ) a) the analysis of the COF, 失效后果的分析 b) the ability to make run-or-repair decisions, “ 运行 - 或 - 修复 ” 决策的能力 c) the selection of repair techniques. 维修方法的选择 API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 1 and 2:
Risk-Based Inspection Downstream Se
Page 3 and 4:
基于风险的检验 - 下
Page 6 and 7:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang R
Page 8 and 9:
Foreword
Page 10 and 11:
API 580 旨在补充 API 510, AP
Page 12 and 13:
5 Basic Risk Assessment Concepts 5.
Page 14 and 15:
10 Assessing Probability of Failure
Page 16 and 17:
13 Risk Management with Inspection
Page 18 and 19:
15 Reassessment and Updating RBI As
Page 20 and 21:
Figures 1 Management of Risk Using
Page 22 and 23:
Introduction This recommended pract
Page 24:
RBI is synonymous 同义 with •
Page 27 and 28:
Contents 1 Purpose 1.1 General 1.2
Page 29 and 30:
It provides guidance to (1) owners,
Page 31 and 32:
RBI 过程预期成果 : The e
Page 33 and 34:
The RBI process 能够产生的
Page 35 and 36:
任何其他风险缓解活
Page 37 and 38:
RBI 过程预期成果 (1) 所
Page 39 and 40:
RBI 过程预期成果 (2) 每
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
RBI 过程预期成果 3) 任
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
1.2 RBI Benefits and Limitations
Page 56 and 57:
RBI Benefits and Limitations
Page 58 and 59:
a) an acceptance/understanding of t
Page 60 and 61:
a) an acceptance/understanding of t
Page 62 and 63:
The RBI plans also identify equipme
Page 64 and 65:
RBI is based on sound, proven risk
Page 66 and 67:
inadequate designs or faulty equipm
Page 68 and 69:
not effectively executing the plans
Page 70 and 71:
lack of sound engineering or operat
Page 72 and 73:
RBI should serve to guide the direc
Page 74 and 75:
proven inspection technologies that
Page 76 and 77:
综合管理工具配合其
Page 78:
Contents 2 Scope 2.1 Industry Scope
Page 82 and 83:
this RP is specifically targeted at
Page 84 and 85:
2.2 Flexibility in Application 灵
Page 86 and 87:
2.3 Mechanical Integrity Focused Th
Page 88 and 89:
RBI 补足 HAZOP/PHA/RCM 作为
Page 90 and 91:
2.4 Equipment Covered 覆盖设
Page 92 and 93:
Process Piping- Pipe and piping com
Page 94 and 95:
Storage Tanks- Atmospheric and pres
Page 96 and 97:
Boilers and Heaters - Pressurized c
Page 98 and 99:
2.5 Equipment Not Covered 不覆
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
虽然主要观众为负责
Page 106 and 107:
3 Normative References API 580 Char
Page 108 and 109:
Societies/Organizations: 1. ASME In
Page 110 and 111:
• AICHE 2, Dow’s Fire and Explo
Page 112 and 113:
Contents 4 Terms, Definitions, Acro
Page 114 and 115:
1.2 RBI Benefits and Limitations
Page 116 and 117:
4.1.4 components 组成整件
Page 118 and 119:
4.1.9 damage (or deterioration) mod
Page 120 and 121:
4.1.14 event 事件 Occurrence of
Page 122 and 123:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang i
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
4.1.18 Failure ……………… 1
Page 130 and 131:
For RBI, the failure of concern is
Page 132 and 133:
4.1.22 hazard and operability study
Page 134 and 135:
4.1.26 management of change MOC 变
Page 136 and 137:
4.1.29 process unit 工艺设备
Page 138 and 139:
Reformer PFD Facility →Process un
Page 140 and 141:
Facility →Process units → Syste
Page 142 and 143:
4.1.30 qualitative risk analysis
Page 144 and 145:
定性风险分析的结果
Page 146 and 147:
4.1.31 quantitative risk analysis Q
Page 148 and 149:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Q
Page 150 and 151:
4.1.35 Risk 风险 - 事件的
Page 152 and 153:
4.1.37 risk analysis 风险分
Page 154 and 155:
concerns of stakeholders? API 580 C
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
concerns of stakeholders? Himba wom
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
4.1.41 risk communication 风险
Page 166 and 167:
isk criteria 风险标准 Terms
Page 168 and 169:
4.1.48 risk mitigation 风险缓
Page 170 and 171:
4.1.53 System 系统 A collection
Page 172 and 173:
4.1.55 toxic chemical 有毒化
Page 174 and 175:
4.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations ACC
Page 176 and 177:
5 Basic Risk Assessment Concepts AP
Page 178 and 179:
5.1 What is Risk? 什么是风
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
For example, in driving a car, peop
Page 184 and 185:
Risk is the combination of the prob
Page 186 and 187:
5.3 The Evolution of Inspection Int
Page 188 and 189:
With advances in inspection approac
Page 190 and 191:
RBI represents the next generation
Page 192 and 193:
5.4 Overview of Risk Analysis 风
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
e) determine credible failure mode
Page 198 and 199:
Data → Damage Mechanism→ Damage
Page 200 and 201:
A point is reached where additional
Page 202 and 203:
typical inspection program Upper cu
Page 204 and 205:
RBI Inspection lower risks can be a
Page 206 and 207:
残余风险 API 580 Charlie Cho
Page 208 and 209:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang d
Page 210 and 211:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang d
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
5.6 Relative Risk vs Absolute Risk
Page 216 and 217:
API 580 RBI RBI is focused on a sys
Page 218 and 219:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang t
Page 220 and 221:
6.1 Key Elements of an RBI Program
Page 222 and 223:
6.2 Consequence and Probability for
Page 224 and 225:
Combining the probability of one or
Page 226 and 227:
Traditionally, organizations have f
Page 228 and 229:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang K
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
The RBI procedure can be applied qu
Page 234 and 235:
所选择的方法可以在
Page 236 and 237:
Qualitative Approach-This approach
Page 238 and 239:
QRA uses logic models depicting com
Page 240 and 241:
QRA logic models generally consist
Page 242 and 243:
The traditional QRA is generally co
Page 244 and 245:
The QRA typically involves a much m
Page 246 and 247:
Typically, most of the data used in
Page 248 and 249:
When performing risk analysis acros
Page 250 and 251:
6.4 Precision vs Accuracy 精度
Page 252 and 253:
Risk presented as a precise numeric
Page 254 and 255:
Therefore, it may be beneficial to
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Quantitative analysis uses logic mo
Page 262 and 263:
Process variables that should be co
Page 264 and 265:
Since risk is dynamic (i.e. changes
Page 266 and 267:
Those changes might include such th
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
The objective of RBI is to direct m
Page 272 and 273:
The POF due to such deterioration i
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
For those equipment items where ins
Page 278 and 279:
6.6.3 Evaluation and Fitness-For-Se
Page 280 and 281:
6.6.4 Other Risk Management 其他
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
The relationship between RBI and se
Page 286 and 287:
6.7.2 PHA A Process Hazard Analysis
Page 288 and 289:
6.7.3 PSM Process Safety Management
Page 290 and 291:
6.7.4 Equipment Reliability 设备
Page 292 and 293:
Those benefits can include: a) appl
Page 294 and 295:
7 Planning the RBI Assessment 评
Page 296 and 297:
7.1 Getting Started 开始 This se
Page 298 and 299:
At the conclusion of the planning p
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
7.2 Establishing Objectives and Goa
Page 304 and 305:
7.2.3 Define Risk Criteria 定义
Page 306 and 307:
7.2.6 Meet Safety and Environmental
Page 308 and 309:
e) removal of unnecessary insulatio
Page 310 and 311:
The RBI assessment may identify ris
Page 312 and 313:
New Project Risk Assessment API 580
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
7.2.9 Facilities End of Life Strate
Page 320 and 321:
Typically, RBI is done on multiple
Page 322 and 323:
Facility-Plant API 580 Charlie Chon
Page 324 and 325:
process units API 580 Charlie Chong
Page 326 and 327:
System - CS Vessel 230psig, 230ºC
Page 328 and 329:
7.3.3 Facilities Screening 设备
Page 330 and 331:
石油和天然气加工和
Page 332 and 333:
石化和化工厂 API 580 Cha
Page 334 and 335:
液化天然气工厂 API 580
Page 336 and 337:
facility level API 580 Charlie Chon
Page 338 and 339:
设施水平需要回答的
Page 340 and 341:
(3) 是否有足够的资源
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang h
Page 346 and 347:
7.3.4 Process Units Screening 工
Page 348 and 349:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang C
Page 350 and 351:
Process Units API 580 Charlie Chong
Page 352 and 353:
以设备细分为系统 - C
Page 354 and 355:
以冶金细分为系统 - C
Page 356 and 357:
Catalytic Reforming 催化转化
Page 358 and 359:
When a process unit is identified f
Page 360 and 361:
Selection of equipment types to be
Page 362 and 363:
7.3.7 Utilities, Emergency and Off-
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
The operating conditions, including
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
Page 372 and 373:
Page 374 and 375:
7.4.3 Normal, Upset, and Cyclic Ope
Page 376 and 377:
The following data should be provid
Page 378 and 379:
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 380 and 381: 7.4.4 Operating Time Period 操作
Page 382 and 383: A strategy should be developed, mat
Page 384 and 385: 7.6 Estimating Resources and Time R
Page 386 and 387: 8 Data and Information Collection f
Page 388 and 389: Contents 8 Data and Information Col
Page 390 and 391: 收集的数据作为评估
Page 392 and 393: API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 396 and 397: Documentation of unique equipment a
Page 398 and 399: • 不同的评估方法需
Page 400 and 401: 8.2.1 Data Needs for Qualitative RB
Page 402 and 403: 通常 , 使用范围广泛
Page 404 and 405: 8.2.3 Data Needs for Semi-quantitat
Page 406 and 407: Another potential source of scatter
Page 410 and 411: 8.4 Codes and Standards—National
Page 412 and 413: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 414 and 415: 8.5 Sources of Site-specific Data a
Page 416 and 417: Potential sources of specific infor
Page 420 and 421: d) MOC records; 设备变动管
Page 422 and 423: seismic activity records API 580 Ch
Page 424 and 425: 9 Damage Mechanisms and Failure Mod
Page 436 and 437: 9.1.1 Identification of Damage Mech
Page 438 and 439: ) Considering the materials, method
Page 442 and 443: d) It is often possible to have two
Page 444 and 445: Understanding equipment operation a
Page 446 and 447: 9.3 Failure Modes 失效模式 O
Page 448 and 449: 9.4 Accumulated Damage 累积损
Page 450 and 451: c) a ranking of credible failure mo
Page 452 and 453: API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang 1
Page 456 and 457: 10.1 Introduction to Probability An
Page 458 and 459: The probability of specific consequ
Page 460 and 461: The probability of specific consequ
Page 462 and 463: Guidance on determining the probabi
Page 466 and 467: weather extremes API 580 Charlie Ch
Page 470 and 471: operator error API 580 Charlie Chon
Page 472 and 473: sabotage API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fio
Page 474 and 475: sabotage http://en.wikipedia.org/wi
Page 476 and 477: For a qualitative analysis, the POF
Page 478 and 479: Two examples of this are listed in
Page 480 and 481:
10.3 Types of Probability Analysis
Page 482 and 483:
Page 484 and 485:
Another approach is used when inacc
Page 486 and 487:
10.4 Determination of POF 确定
Page 488:
Analyzing the effect of in-service
Page 493 and 494:
Probability of Failure POF Damage T
Page 495 and 496:
For many damage mechanisms, the rat
Page 497 and 498:
Page 499 and 500:
equipment complexity, 设备的
Page 501 and 502:
process and metallurgical variation
Page 503 and 504:
inaccessibility for inspection, 难
Page 505 and 506:
the inspector’s expertise 检查
Page 507 and 508:
恶化率信息的来源包
Page 509 and 510:
f) the phase of the fluid (liquid,
Page 511 and 512:
10.4.3 Determine Failure Mode 确
Page 513 and 514:
a) pitting generally leads to small
Page 515 and 516:
a) pitting generally leads to small
Page 517 and 518:
) stress corrosion cracking can dev
Page 519 and 520:
c) metallurgical deterioration and
Page 521 and 522:
d) general thinning from corrosion
Page 523 and 524:
d) general thinning from corrosion
Page 525 and 526:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang e
Page 527 and 528:
Page 529 and 530:
f) Deterioration rate under some ex
Page 531 and 532:
Page 533 and 534:
Page 535 and 536:
10.4.5 Calculate the POF by Deterio
Page 537 and 538:
11 Assessing Consequences of Failur
Page 539 and 540:
Page 541 and 542:
Page 543 and 544:
Page 545 and 546:
Page 547 and 548:
Page 549 and 550:
Page 551 and 552:
Page 553 and 554:
11.1 Introduction to Consequence An
Page 555 and 556:
对环境的影响 API 580 Cha
Page 557 and 558:
Page 559 and 560:
Page 561 and 562:
Page 563 and 564:
Page 565 and 566:
Page 567 and 568:
Page 569 and 570:
Page 571 and 572:
安全和健康的影响 /
Page 573 and 574:
Page 575 and 576:
Page 577 and 578:
POF Managed by Inspector & Inspecti
Page 579 and 580:
More or less complex and detailed m
Page 581 and 582:
11.1.3 Other Functional Failures Al
Page 583 and 584:
These other functional failures are
Page 585 and 586:
11.2 Types of Consequence Analysis
Page 587 and 588:
Page 589 and 590:
11.2.3 Quantitative Consequences An
Page 591 and 592:
• failure mode and resulting leak
Page 593 and 594:
评估故障结果的一些
Page 595 and 596:
Page 597 and 598:
Page 599 and 600:
11.3.3 Cost 费用 , 价值 Cost
Page 601 and 602:
The above list is reasonably compre
Page 603 and 604:
Cost generally requires fairly deta
Page 605 and 606:
11.3.4 Affected Area 受影响
Page 607 and 608:
Page 609 and 610:
11.3.5 Environmental Damage 环境
Page 611 and 612:
Page 613 and 614:
Page 615 and 616:
Page 617 and 618:
11.3.6 Categorizing Safety, Health,
Page 619 and 620:
11.3.7 Other Considerations 其他
Page 621 and 622:
In some cases, the volume released
Page 623 and 624:
The cost of the lost fluid may be c
Page 625 and 626:
11.5.6 Production (Business Interru
Page 627 and 628:
The flammable events consequence is
Page 629 and 630:
Boiling liquid expanding vapor expl
Page 631 and 632:
Flammable Events (Fire and Explosio
Page 633 and 634:
此风险评估通常着重
Page 635 and 636:
11.5.4 Releases of Other Hazardous
Page 637 and 638:
Page 639 and 640:
Liquid releases may result in conta
Page 641 and 642:
The consequences of environmental d
Page 643 and 644:
泄漏位置地形和可达
Page 645 and 646:
泄漏位置地形和可达
Page 647 and 648:
The fine component cost will depend
Page 649 and 650:
The selection of a specific method
Page 651 and 652:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang D
Page 653 and 654:
More rigorous methods for estimatin
Page 655 and 656:
Site specific circumstances should
Page 657 and 658:
11.5.7 Maintenance and Reconstructi
Page 659 and 660:
Flammable Events (Fire and Explosio
Page 661 and 662:
Consequence cost: Unscheduled Repai
Page 663 and 664:
Consequence cost: Equipment replace
Page 665 and 666:
Repair of small damage cost equipme
Page 667 and 668:
The steps are as follows: 释放
Page 669 and 670:
Figure 5—Determination of COF API
Page 671 and 672:
用来估算后果的因素
Page 673 and 674:
The following shows how a consequen
Page 675 and 676:
11.6.3 Factors for More Rigorous Me
Page 677 and 678:
Page 679 and 680:
12 Risk Determination, Assessment a
Page 681 and 682:
12.1 Purpose 目的 This section d
Page 683 and 684:
For example, after a loss of contai
Page 685 and 686:
Personnel inexperienced in risk ass
Page 687 and 688:
Page 689 and 690:
Figure 5—Determination of COF
Page 691 and 692:
EXAMPLE: An equipment item containi
Page 693 and 694:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang F
Page 695 and 696:
Typically, there will be other cred
Page 697 and 698:
If probability and consequence are
Page 699 and 700:
12.3 Risk Management Decisions and
Page 701 and 702:
12.3.2 Using Risk Assessment in Ins
Page 703 and 704:
Page 705 and 706:
It often is worthwhile to gather ad
Page 707 and 708:
在缺乏可信的输入值
Page 709 and 710:
12.6 Risk Presentation 风险表
Page 711 and 712:
Risk categories may be assigned to
Page 713 and 714:
Probability of the associated conse
Page 715 and 716:
12.6.3 Risk Plots 风险绘图 W
Page 717 and 718:
Line of constant risk - acceptable
Page 719 and 720:
Risk may be described in terms of d
Page 721 and 722:
12.7 Establishing Acceptable Risk T
Page 723 and 724:
Page 725 and 726:
Page 727 and 728:
12.8 Risk Management 风险管
Page 729 and 730:
13 Risk Management with Inspection
Page 731 and 732:
13.1 Managing Risk by Reducing Unce
Page 733 and 734:
http://www.dnv.com/services/softwar
Page 735 and 736:
Page 737 and 738:
Other damage mechanisms precipitate
Page 739 and 740:
Page 741 and 742:
http://www.sv.vt.edu/classes/MSE209
Page 743 and 744:
Hence the need for a establishing a
Page 745 and 746:
13.2 Identifying Risk Management Op
Page 747 and 748:
active and credible damage mechanis
Page 749 and 750:
accessibility to expected damage ar
Page 751 and 752:
Page 753 and 754:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang a
Page 755 and 756:
Page 757 and 758:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang I
Page 759 and 760:
In cases such as these, an alternat
Page 761 and 762:
检验工艺的限制或可
Page 763 and 764:
检验工艺的限制或可
Page 765 and 766:
Inspection is only effective if the
Page 767 and 768:
Page 769 and 770:
) Coverage - Different zones or are
Page 771 and 772:
d) Procedures and Practices - Inspe
Page 773 and 774:
Page 775 and 776:
The user can adjust these parameter
Page 777 and 778:
POF 为风险关键因素 :
Page 779 and 780:
检验如何降低检验费
Page 781 and 782:
Page 783 and 784:
Page 785 and 786:
Page 787 and 788:
Unacceptable imperfections UW-51 (b
Page 789 and 790:
Page 791 and 792:
What were the differences in inspec
Page 793 and 794:
http://www.dnv.com/services/softwar
Page 795 and 796:
14 Other Risk Mitigation Activities
Page 797 and 798:
14.1 General 总则 As described i
Page 799 and 800:
1. 14.2 Equipment Replacement and R
Page 801 and 802:
Other Risk Mitigation Activities
Page 803 and 804:
14.4 Equipment Modification, Redesi
Page 805 and 806:
14.6 Emergency Depressurizing/De-in
Page 807 and 808:
14.7 Modify Process 工艺修改
Page 809 and 810:
14.8 Establish IOWs 建立操作
Page 811 and 812:
14.10 Water Spray/Deluge 水喷 /
Page 813 and 814:
14.13 Others 其他 a) spill detec
Page 815 and 816:
15 Reassessment and Updating RBI As
Page 817 and 818:
15.1 RBI Reassessments 重估 RBI
Page 819 and 820:
It is important that the facility h
Page 821 and 822:
Sections 15.2.2 through 15.2.5 prov
Page 823 and 824:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang I
Page 825 and 826:
很多损伤机理带来的
Page 827 and 828:
Process changes API 580 Charlie Cho
Page 829 and 830:
Process changes API 580 Charlie Cho
Page 831 and 832:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang t
Page 833 and 834:
RBI Assessment Premise Change Chang
Page 835 and 836:
http://www.stoprust.com/23-risk-bas
Page 837 and 838:
15.3.1 After Significant Changes
Page 839 and 840:
15.3.2 After a Set Time Period 时
Page 841 and 842:
15.3.4 Before and After Maintenance
Page 843 and 844:
16 Roles, Responsibilities, Trainin
Page 845:
Page 857 and 858:
Page 859 and 860:
16.2 Team Members, Roles, and Respo
Page 861 and 862:
a) formation of the team and verify
Page 863 and 864:
团队领导 API 580 Charlie Cho
Page 865:
16.2.3 Equipment Inspector or Inspe
Page 869:
Page 872 and 873:
腐蚀专家职责 : • 评
Page 876 and 877:
16.2.5 Process Specialist 工艺
Page 878 and 879:
16.2.6 Operations and Maintenance P
Page 880 and 881:
16.2.7 Management 管理层 Manag
Page 882 and 883:
16.2.8 Risk Analyst 风险分析
Page 884 and 885:
Page 886 and 887:
Page 888 and 889:
Page 890 and 891:
16.3.2 Other Team Members 其他
Page 892 and 893:
培训和资格 API 580 Charlie
Page 894 and 895:
17 RBI Documentation and Record kee
Page 896 and 897:
Page 898 and 899:
f) assumptions made during the asse
Page 900 and 901:
17.2 RBI Methodology 方法学 Th
Page 902 and 903:
17.3 RBI Personnel 评估人员
Page 904 and 905:
Failure occurred Probability of Fai
Page 906 and 907:
d) anticipated failure mode(s) (e.g
Page 908 and 909:
17.7 Risk Assessment Results 风
Page 910 and 911:
The methodology, process and person
Page 912 and 913:
17.9 Applicable Codes, Standards, a
Page 914 and 915:
18 Summary of Risk- Based Inspectio
Page 916 and 917:
18.1 General 总则 The following
Page 918 and 919:
期望 RBI 带来不实际的
Page 920 and 921:
18.3 Data and Information Collectio
Page 922 and 923:
18.4 Damage Mechanisms and Failure
Page 924 and 925:
18.5 Assessing POF 评估故障
Page 926 and 927:
18.6 Assessing COF 评估故障
Page 928 and 929:
Page 930 and 931:
18.7 Risk Determination, Assessment
Page 932 and 933:
18.8 Risk Management with Inspectio
Page 934 and 935:
18.9 Other Risk Management Activiti
Page 936 and 937:
18.10 Reassessment and Updating RBI
Page 938 and 939:
18.11 Roles, Responsibilities, Trai
Page 940 and 941:
18.12 RBI Documentation and Record
Page 942 and 943:
Page 944 and 945:
Page 946:
show all

Risk-Based Inspection

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?