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Risk-Based Inspection Downstream Se
- Page 3 and 4: 基 于 风 险 的 检 验 - 下
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- Page 8 and 9: Foreword
- Page 10 and 11: API 580 旨 在 补 充 API 510, AP
- Page 12 and 13: 5 Basic Risk Assessment Concepts 5.
- Page 14 and 15: 10 Assessing Probability of Failure
- Page 16 and 17: 13 Risk Management with Inspection
- Page 18 and 19: 15 Reassessment and Updating RBI As
- Page 20 and 21: Figures 1 Management of Risk Using
- Page 22 and 23: Introduction This recommended pract
- Page 24: RBI is synonymous 同 义 with •
- Page 27 and 28: Contents 1 Purpose 1.1 General 1.2
- Page 29 and 30: It provides guidance to (1) owners,
- Page 31 and 32: RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 : The e
- Page 33 and 34: The RBI process 能 够 产 生 的
- Page 35 and 36: 任 何 其 他 风 险 缓 解 活
- Page 37 and 38: RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 (1) 所
- Page 39 and 40: RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 (2) 每
- Page 41 and 42: RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 (2) 每
- Page 43 and 44: RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 (2) 每
- Page 45 and 46: RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 3) 任
- Page 47 and 48: RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 3) 任
- Page 49 and 50: RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 3) 任
- Page 51 and 52: RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 3) 任
- Page 53: 1.2 RBI Benefits and Limitations
- Page 57 and 58: RISK Factors 风 险 因 素 ? Thes
- Page 59 and 60: a) an acceptance/understanding of t
- Page 61 and 62: a) an acceptance/understanding of t
- Page 63 and 64: 筛 选 出 可 接 受 风 险 水
- Page 65 and 66: inaccurate or missing information,
- Page 67 and 68: operating outside the acceptable IO
- Page 69 and 70: lack of qualified personnel or team
- Page 71 and 72: 1.3 Using RBI as a Continuous Impro
- Page 73 and 74: RBI should serve to guide the direc
- Page 75 and 76: 1.4 RBI as an Integrated Management
- Page 77 and 78: 2 Scope 范 围
- Page 81 and 82: 2.1 Industry Scope Although the ris
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- Page 85 and 86: 此 规 范 并 不 打 算 挑 出
- Page 87 and 88: RBI 补 足 HAZOP/PHA/RCM 综 合
- Page 89 and 90: 承 压 设 备 的 机 械 完 整
- Page 91 and 92: Pressure Vessels- All pressure cont
- Page 93 and 94: Process Piping- Pipe and piping com
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- Page 97 and 98: Pressure-relief devices. 压 力
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other stakeholders who are likely t
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Contents 3 Normative References API
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• API Publication 510, Pressure V
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4 Terms, definitions, acronyms and
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4.1 Terms and Definitions For purpo
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ALARP http://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/int
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4.1.7 cost-effective 经 济 有
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4.1.11 design premise 设 计 的
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4.1.15 event tree 事 件 树 An an
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intrusions of external transportati
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4.1.17 Facility 设 施 ( 地 点 )
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4.1.19 failure mode 失 效 模 式
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4.1.20 Fitness-For-Service assessme
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4.1.23 Inspection 检 查 Activitie
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4.1.27 Mitigation 缓 解 Limitatio
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PHARMACEUTICALS PFD API 580 Charlie
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4.1.53 System 系 统 A collection
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Methods that use primarily engineer
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QRA generally: 方 法 • integrat
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4.1.32 Reassessment 重 新 估 价
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concerns of stakeholders? API 580 C
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concerns of stakeholders? API 580 C
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concerns of stakeholders? API 580 C
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concerns of stakeholders? API 580 C
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concerns of stakeholders? API 580 C
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4.1.38 risk assessment 风 险 评
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4.1.43 risk driver 风 险 驱 动
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4.1.45 risk evaluation 风 险 评
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Source 源 Thing or activity with a
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4.1.56 unmitigated risk 未 缓 和
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NACE NDE NFPA OSHA PHA PMI POF PSM
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Sub-Contents 5 Basic Risk Assessmen
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5.2 Risk Management and Risk Reduct
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检 验 程 序 可 以 分 为 两
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Non- E&P Vessel API510 External Ins
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in this document, failure is define
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Any particular analysis may not yie
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A logical progression for a risk an
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A logical progression for API 580 C
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5.5 Inspection Optimization 检 验
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Inspection Optimization Conventiona
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A complete RBI program provides a c
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RBI Inspection vs conventional insp
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As shown in Figure 1, risk cannot b
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deliberate acts (e.g. sabotage),
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RBI is focused on a systematic dete
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6 Introduction to Risk-Based Inspec
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Contents 6 Introduction to Risk-Bas
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a) 保 持 文 件 管 理 系 统
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Failure Mode-Leak LEAK Scenario-a,
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isk to the operation • relatively
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Understanding the two-dimensional a
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6.3 Types of RBI Assessment API 580
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6.3 Types of RBI Assessment 评 估
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The chosen approach may be selected
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6.3.1 Qualitative Approach 定 性
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6.3.2 Quantitative Approach 定 量
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QRA logic models generally consist
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QRA logic models generally consist
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QRA deals with total risk, not just
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6.3.3 Semi-quantitative Approach
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6.3.4 Continuum of Approaches 连
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基 于 风 险 分 析 的 检 查
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methodology, data quality, consiste
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In practice, there are often many e
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定 量 和 定 性 互 补 方 式
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Quantitative analysis uses logic mo
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6.5 Understanding How RBI Can Help
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The suitability and current conditi
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6.6 Management of Risks 风 险 管
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Impending failure of pressure equip
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6.6.2 Using RBI to Establish Inspec
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non-inspection mitigation 非 检
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6.7 Relationship Between RBI and Ot
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Some hazards identified affect the
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An effective PSM program includes a
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6.8 Relationship with Jurisdictiona
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Contents 7 Planning the RBI Assessm
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Why the assessment is being done? H
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识 别 物 理 边 界 API 580 Cha
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Once this portion of the RBI planni
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7.2 Establishing Objectives and Goa
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7.2.5 Reduce Costs 降 低 成 本
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7.2.7 Identify Mitigation Alternati
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The data within the RBI assessment
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang 7
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New Project Risk Assessment API 580
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New Project Risk Assessment API 580
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New Project Risk Assessment API 580
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7.3 Initial Screening 初 步 筛
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Screening Levels 1. Facilities 2. P
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Facility-Units API 580 Charlie Chon
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System - Sour Water Striper API 580
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石 油 和 天 然 气 生 产 设
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炼 油 厂 API 580 Charlie Chong/
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管 道 和 管 道 站 API 580 Cha
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Examples of key questions to answer
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facility level API 580 Charlie Chon
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(2) 设 施 管 理 层 愿 意 投
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Screening at the facility level may
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Schematic overview of a refinery
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Flow diagram of a typical oil refin
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Examples of key questions to answer
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Catalytic Reforming 催 化 转 化
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7.3.5 Systems within Process Unit S
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以 相 同 工 艺 化 学 , 压
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Delayed Coker 延 迟 焦 化 装
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7.3.6 Equipment Item Screening 设
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Boiler feedwater deaerator 锅 炉
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c) Reliability of the process unit
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7.4 Establish Operating Boundaries
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7.4.2 Start-up and Shutdown 启 动
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the normal operating conditions fou
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The RBI assessment on systems with
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7.5 Selecting a Type of RBI Assessm
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评 估 策 略 应 符 合 分 析
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The estimate of scope and cost invo
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8.1 General 总 则 Utilizing the o
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Examples of data sources include:
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It may be advantageous to combine r
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8.2 RBI Data Needs An RBI study may
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Typical data needed for an RBI anal
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通 常 , 使 用 范 围 广 泛
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8.2.2 Data Needs for Quantitative R
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8.3 Data Quality 数 据 质 量 Th
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This validation step stresses the n
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Potential sources of specific infor
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• leak detection and monitoring s
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) inspection records: 检 查 记
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seismic activity records API 580 Ch
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h) equipment replacement costs: 设
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Contents 9 Damage Mechanisms and Fa
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9.1 Introduction 概 述 This secti
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Damage mechanisms include corrosion
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Failure modes identify how the dama
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a) As indicated in Section 7, ident
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Damage Mechanism→ Damage Modes
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9.2 Damage Mechanisms 损 伤 机
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equipment operation and the interac
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The risk analysis may, at the discr
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9.5 Tabulating Results 结 果 制
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Contents 10 Assessing Probability o
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The probability of specific consequ
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The probability of specific consequ
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There could be many scenario API 58
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The POF analysis should address all
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seismic activity 有 一 定 影
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overpressure (under pressure) due t
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operator error API 580 Charlie Chon
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design error API 580 Charlie Chong/
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sabotage API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fio
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10.2 Units of Measure in the POF An
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Table 2—Six Levels of POF API 580
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10.3.2 Qualitative POF Analysis 故
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10.3.3 Quantitative POF Analysis
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故 障 概 率 定 量 分 析 有
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Failure occurred Probability of Fai
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c) Using a consistent approach, qua
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10.4.2 Determine the Deterioration
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The deterioration rate in specific
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type of damage mechanism, 损 伤
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inaccessibility for inspection, 难
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limitations of inspection and test
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Sources of deterioration rate infor
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Damage rates will often vary as the
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m) the component geometry (crevices
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang F
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a) pitting generally leads to small
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) stress corrosion cracking can dev
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) stress corrosion cracking can dev
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c) metallurgical deterioration and
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d) general thinning from corrosion
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d) general thinning from corrosion
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10.4.4 Quantify Effectiveness of Pa
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Limitations in the effectiveness of
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If multiple inspections have been p
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Contents 11 Assessing Consequences
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Consequence should typically be cat
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对 环 境 的 影 响 API 580 Cha
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对 环 境 的 影 响 API 580 Cha
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对 环 境 的 影 响 API 580 Cha
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对 环 境 的 影 响 API 580 Cha
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对 环 境 的 影 响 API 580 Cha
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对 环 境 的 影 响 API 580 Cha
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安 全 和 健 康 的 影 响 /
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安 全 和 健 康 的 影 响 /
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In general, an RBI program will be
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COF Managed by Management & Process
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11.1.2 Loss of Containment 溶 液
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11.2.2 Qualitative Consequences Ana
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故 障 后 果 评 估 的 结 果
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COF based on; 故 障 后 果 基
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11.3 Units of Measure in Consequenc
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11.3.2 Safety Safety consequences a
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Typical consequences that can be ex
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Instead of determining point values
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The units for affected area consequ
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Table 5—Six Level Safety, Health
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11.4 Volume of Fluid Released 流
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11.5 Consequence Effect Categories
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11.5.2 Flammable Events (Fire and E
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Boiling liquid expanding vapor expl
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Flammable Events (Fire and Explosio
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11.5.3 Toxic Releases 有 毒 物
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Generally, the consequence of this
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11.5.5 Environmental Consequences
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泄 漏 位 置 地 形 和 可 达
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泄 漏 位 置 地 形 和 可 达
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泄 漏 位 置 地 形 和 可 达
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11.5.6 Production (Business Interru
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主 要 生 产 的 后 果 是 经
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Business interruption consequences;
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d) extended downtime may result in
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Flammable Events (Fire and Explosio
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Flammable Events (Fire and Explosio
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Consequence cost: Unscheduled Repai
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Consequence cost: Equipment replace
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11.6 Determination of COF 故 障
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a) estimate the release rate, 估
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11.6.2 Factors for Estimating Conse
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Several credible consequence scenar
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d) Consequence Phase 4—Toxic Rele
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Contents 12 Risk Determination, Ass
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12.2 Determination of Risk 风 险
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It is important to understand this
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The example in Figure 5 serves to i
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Figure 6—Example of Calculating t
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EXAMPLE: An equipment item containi
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NOTE The overall risk must include
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12.2.2 Calculate Risk 计 算 风
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Probability of the associated conse
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Cost-benefit analysis is a powerful
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Typically: Consequence information
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12.4 Sensitivity Analysis 敏 感
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12.5 Assumptions 假 定 Assumption
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12.6.2 Risk Matrix 风 险 矩 阵
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Figure 7—Example Risk Matrix Usin
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12.6.4 Using a Risk Plot or Matrix
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Reduction of some risks to a lower
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ALARP Suite of Guidance With these
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c) Consequence Mitigation - Can act
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Contents 13 Risk Management with In
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Mitigation (repair, replacement, ch
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The foregoing does not imply that r
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Risk mitigation (by the reduction i
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e) accessibility to expected damage
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accessibility to expected damage ar
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accessibility to expected damage ar
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accessibility to expected damage ar
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accessibility to expected damage ar
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POF 为 风 险 关 键 因 素 :
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Depending on factors such as the re
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corrosion rates wellestablished wit
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检 验 工 艺 的 限 制 或 可
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13.3 Establishing an Inspection Str
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Organizations should be deliberate
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13.4 Managing Risk with Inspection
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c) Tools and Techniques - The selec
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e) Internal, On-stream, or External
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13.5 Managing Inspection Costs with
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Another opportunity for managing in
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13.6 Assessing Inspection Results a
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Reducing Uncertainty Assessing Insp
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UW-51 (b) Degree of Radiographic Ex
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UW-52 (c) Degree of RT Unacceptable
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13.7 Achieving Lowest Life Cycle Co
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) RBI can be used to assess the eff
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Contents 14.1 General 14.2 Equipmen
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14.2 Equipment Replacement and Repa
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14.3 Evaluating Flaws for Fitness-F
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14.5 Emergency Isolation 紧 急
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Mitigation of the sources of corros
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14.9 Reduce Inventory 减 少 库
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14.12 Blast-resistant Construction
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l) emergency evacuation; 紧 急
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Contents 15 Reassessment and Updati
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15.2 Why Conduct an RBI Reassessmen
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15.2.2 Damage Mechanisms and Inspec
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang I
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15.2.3 Process and Hardware Changes
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Process changes API 580 Charlie Cho
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Hardware changes can also have an e
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15.2.4 RBI Assessment Premise Chang
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15.2.5 The Effect of Mitigation Str
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15.3 When to Conduct an RBI Reasses
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15.3.3 After Implementation of Risk
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Contents 16 Roles, Responsibilities
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16.1 Team Approach 团 队 的 方
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16.2.2 Team Leader 团 队 领 导
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c) preparing a report on the RBI as
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团 队 领 导 API 580 Charlie Cho
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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16.2.4 Corrosion Specialist 腐 蚀
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腐 蚀 专 家 API 580 Charlie Cho
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工 艺 师 API 580 Charlie Chong/
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操 作 和 维 护 人 员 API 580
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管 理 层 API 580 Charlie Chong/
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f) manually calculating the measure
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16.2.9 Environmental and Safety Per
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16.2.10 Financial/Business Personne
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16.3 Training and Qualifications fo
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培 训 和 资 格 API 580 Charlie
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培 训 和 资 格 API 580 Charlie
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Contents 17 RBI Documentation and R
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17.1 General 总 则 It is importan
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Ideally, sufficient data should be
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If a specific software program is u
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17.4 Time Frame 时 段 The level o
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17.5 Basis for the Assignment of Ri
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17.6 Assumptions Made to Assess Ris
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17.8 Mitigation and Follow-up 缓
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The methodology, process and person
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Contents 18 Summary of RBI Pitfalls
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18.2 Planning 规 划 • Not defin
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang N
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• Not adequately dealing with the
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incidents/events/outcomes of a fail
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang A
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang