Risk-Based Inspection

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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang 财务 / 业务人员
16.3 Training and Qualifications for RBI Application 培训和资格 16.3.1 <strong>Risk</strong> Assessment Personnel 风险评估人员 This person(s) should have a thorough understanding of risk analysis by education, training, and/or experience. He/she should have received detailed training on the RBI methodology and on the procedures being used for the RBI assessment so that he/she understands how the program operates and the vital issues that affect the final results. 应当通过 , 教育 , 培训 , 经验具备风险风险所需要的专业知识 . Contractors that provide risk assessment personnel for conducting RBI analysis should have a program of training and be able to document that their personnel are suitably qualified and experienced. Facility owners that have internal risk assessment personnel to conduct RBI analysis should have a procedure to document that their personnel are sufficiently qualified. The qualifications and training of the risk assessment personnel should be documented. 承包商或用户程序与备案 : 对风险评估员资格要求 , 培训记录和经验要求的程序控制与人员资质 / 培训备案 . API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Risk-Based Inspection Downstream Se
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基于风险的检验 - 下
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang R
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Foreword
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API 580 旨在补充 API 510, AP
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5 Basic Risk Assessment Concepts 5.
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10 Assessing Probability of Failure
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13 Risk Management with Inspection
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15 Reassessment and Updating RBI As
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Figures 1 Management of Risk Using
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Introduction This recommended pract
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RBI is synonymous 同义 with •
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Contents 1 Purpose 1.1 General 1.2
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It provides guidance to (1) owners,
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RBI 过程预期成果 : The e
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The RBI process 能够产生的
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任何其他风险缓解活
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RBI 过程预期成果 (1) 所
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RBI 过程预期成果 (2) 每
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RBI 过程预期成果 3) 任
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1.2 RBI Benefits and Limitations
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RBI Benefits and Limitations
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a) an acceptance/understanding of t
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a) an acceptance/understanding of t
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The RBI plans also identify equipme
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RBI is based on sound, proven risk
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inadequate designs or faulty equipm
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not effectively executing the plans
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lack of sound engineering or operat
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RBI should serve to guide the direc
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proven inspection technologies that
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综合管理工具配合其
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Contents 2 Scope 2.1 Industry Scope
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this RP is specifically targeted at
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2.2 Flexibility in Application 灵
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2.3 Mechanical Integrity Focused Th
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RBI 补足 HAZOP/PHA/RCM 作为
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2.4 Equipment Covered 覆盖设
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Process Piping- Pipe and piping com
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Storage Tanks- Atmospheric and pres
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Boilers and Heaters - Pressurized c
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2.5 Equipment Not Covered 不覆
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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虽然主要观众为负责
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3 Normative References API 580 Char
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Societies/Organizations: 1. ASME In
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• AICHE 2, Dow’s Fire and Explo
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Contents 4 Terms, Definitions, Acro
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1.2 RBI Benefits and Limitations
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4.1.4 components 组成整件
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4.1.9 damage (or deterioration) mod
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4.1.14 event 事件 Occurrence of
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang i
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4.1.18 Failure ……………… 1
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For RBI, the failure of concern is
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4.1.22 hazard and operability study
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4.1.26 management of change MOC 变
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4.1.29 process unit 工艺设备
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Reformer PFD Facility →Process un
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Facility →Process units → Syste
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4.1.30 qualitative risk analysis
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定性风险分析的结果
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4.1.31 quantitative risk analysis Q
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Q
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4.1.35 Risk 风险 - 事件的
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4.1.37 risk analysis 风险分
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concerns of stakeholders? API 580 C
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concerns of stakeholders? Himba wom
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4.1.41 risk communication 风险
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isk criteria 风险标准 Terms
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4.1.48 risk mitigation 风险缓
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4.1.53 System 系统 A collection
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4.1.55 toxic chemical 有毒化
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4.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations ACC
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5 Basic Risk Assessment Concepts AP
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5.1 What is Risk? 什么是风
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For example, in driving a car, peop
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Risk is the combination of the prob
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5.3 The Evolution of Inspection Int
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With advances in inspection approac
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RBI represents the next generation
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5.4 Overview of Risk Analysis 风
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e) determine credible failure mode
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Data → Damage Mechanism→ Damage
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A point is reached where additional
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typical inspection program Upper cu
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RBI Inspection lower risks can be a
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残余风险 API 580 Charlie Cho
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang d
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang d
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5.6 Relative Risk vs Absolute Risk
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API 580 RBI RBI is focused on a sys
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang t
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6.1 Key Elements of an RBI Program
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6.2 Consequence and Probability for
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Combining the probability of one or
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Traditionally, organizations have f
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang K
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The RBI procedure can be applied qu
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所选择的方法可以在
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Qualitative Approach-This approach
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QRA uses logic models depicting com
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QRA logic models generally consist
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The traditional QRA is generally co
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The QRA typically involves a much m
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Typically, most of the data used in
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When performing risk analysis acros
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6.4 Precision vs Accuracy 精度
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Risk presented as a precise numeric
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Therefore, it may be beneficial to
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Quantitative analysis uses logic mo
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Process variables that should be co
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Since risk is dynamic (i.e. changes
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Those changes might include such th
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The objective of RBI is to direct m
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The POF due to such deterioration i
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For those equipment items where ins
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6.6.3 Evaluation and Fitness-For-Se
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6.6.4 Other Risk Management 其他
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The relationship between RBI and se
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6.7.2 PHA A Process Hazard Analysis
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6.7.3 PSM Process Safety Management
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6.7.4 Equipment Reliability 设备
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Those benefits can include: a) appl
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7 Planning the RBI Assessment 评
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7.1 Getting Started 开始 This se
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At the conclusion of the planning p
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7.2 Establishing Objectives and Goa
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7.2.3 Define Risk Criteria 定义
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7.2.6 Meet Safety and Environmental
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e) removal of unnecessary insulatio
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The RBI assessment may identify ris
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New Project Risk Assessment API 580
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7.2.9 Facilities End of Life Strate
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Typically, RBI is done on multiple
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Facility-Plant API 580 Charlie Chon
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process units API 580 Charlie Chong
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System - CS Vessel 230psig, 230ºC
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7.3.3 Facilities Screening 设备
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石油和天然气加工和
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石化和化工厂 API 580 Cha
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液化天然气工厂 API 580
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facility level API 580 Charlie Chon
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设施水平需要回答的
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(3) 是否有足够的资源
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7.3.4 Process Units Screening 工
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang C
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Process Units API 580 Charlie Chong
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以设备细分为系统 - C
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以冶金细分为系统 - C
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Catalytic Reforming 催化转化
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When a process unit is identified f
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Selection of equipment types to be
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7.3.7 Utilities, Emergency and Off-
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The operating conditions, including
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7.4.3 Normal, Upset, and Cyclic Ope
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The following data should be provid
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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7.4.4 Operating Time Period 操作
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A strategy should be developed, mat
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7.6 Estimating Resources and Time R
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8 Data and Information Collection f
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Contents 8 Data and Information Col
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收集的数据作为评估
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Documentation of unique equipment a
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• 不同的评估方法需
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8.2.1 Data Needs for Qualitative RB
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通常 , 使用范围广泛
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8.2.3 Data Needs for Semi-quantitat
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Another potential source of scatter
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8.4 Codes and Standards—National
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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8.5 Sources of Site-specific Data a
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Potential sources of specific infor
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d) MOC records; 设备变动管
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seismic activity records API 580 Ch
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9 Damage Mechanisms and Failure Mod
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9.1.1 Identification of Damage Mech
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) Considering the materials, method
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d) It is often possible to have two
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Understanding equipment operation a
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9.3 Failure Modes 失效模式 O
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9.4 Accumulated Damage 累积损
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c) a ranking of credible failure mo
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang 1
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10.1 Introduction to Probability An
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The probability of specific consequ
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The probability of specific consequ
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Guidance on determining the probabi
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weather extremes API 580 Charlie Ch
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operator error API 580 Charlie Chon
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sabotage API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fio
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sabotage http://en.wikipedia.org/wi
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For a qualitative analysis, the POF
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Two examples of this are listed in
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10.3 Types of Probability Analysis
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Another approach is used when inacc
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10.4 Determination of POF 确定
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Analyzing the effect of in-service
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Probability of Failure POF Damage T
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For many damage mechanisms, the rat
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equipment complexity, 设备的
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process and metallurgical variation
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inaccessibility for inspection, 难
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the inspector’s expertise 检查
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恶化率信息的来源包
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f) the phase of the fluid (liquid,
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10.4.3 Determine Failure Mode 确
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a) pitting generally leads to small
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a) pitting generally leads to small
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) stress corrosion cracking can dev
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c) metallurgical deterioration and
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d) general thinning from corrosion
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d) general thinning from corrosion
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang e
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f) Deterioration rate under some ex
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10.4.5 Calculate the POF by Deterio
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11 Assessing Consequences of Failur
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11.1 Introduction to Consequence An
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对环境的影响 API 580 Cha
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安全和健康的影响 /
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POF Managed by Inspector & Inspecti
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More or less complex and detailed m
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11.1.3 Other Functional Failures Al
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These other functional failures are
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11.2 Types of Consequence Analysis
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11.2.3 Quantitative Consequences An
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• failure mode and resulting leak
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评估故障结果的一些
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11.3.3 Cost 费用 , 价值 Cost
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The above list is reasonably compre
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Cost generally requires fairly deta
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11.3.4 Affected Area 受影响
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11.3.5 Environmental Damage 环境
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11.3.6 Categorizing Safety, Health,
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11.3.7 Other Considerations 其他
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In some cases, the volume released
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The cost of the lost fluid may be c
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11.5.6 Production (Business Interru
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The flammable events consequence is
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Boiling liquid expanding vapor expl
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Flammable Events (Fire and Explosio
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此风险评估通常着重
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11.5.4 Releases of Other Hazardous
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Liquid releases may result in conta
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The consequences of environmental d
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泄漏位置地形和可达
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泄漏位置地形和可达
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The fine component cost will depend
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The selection of a specific method
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang D
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More rigorous methods for estimatin
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Site specific circumstances should
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11.5.7 Maintenance and Reconstructi
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Flammable Events (Fire and Explosio
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Consequence cost: Unscheduled Repai
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Consequence cost: Equipment replace
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Repair of small damage cost equipme
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The steps are as follows: 释放
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Figure 5—Determination of COF API
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用来估算后果的因素
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The following shows how a consequen
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11.6.3 Factors for More Rigorous Me
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12 Risk Determination, Assessment a
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12.1 Purpose 目的 This section d
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For example, after a loss of contai
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Personnel inexperienced in risk ass
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Figure 5—Determination of COF
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EXAMPLE: An equipment item containi
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang F
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Typically, there will be other cred
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If probability and consequence are
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12.3 Risk Management Decisions and
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12.3.2 Using Risk Assessment in Ins
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It often is worthwhile to gather ad
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在缺乏可信的输入值
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12.6 Risk Presentation 风险表
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Risk categories may be assigned to
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Probability of the associated conse
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12.6.3 Risk Plots 风险绘图 W
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Line of constant risk - acceptable
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Risk may be described in terms of d
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12.7 Establishing Acceptable Risk T
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12.8 Risk Management 风险管
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13 Risk Management with Inspection
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13.1 Managing Risk by Reducing Unce
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http://www.dnv.com/services/softwar
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Other damage mechanisms precipitate
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http://www.sv.vt.edu/classes/MSE209
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Hence the need for a establishing a
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13.2 Identifying Risk Management Op
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active and credible damage mechanis
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accessibility to expected damage ar
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang a
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang I
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In cases such as these, an alternat
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检验工艺的限制或可
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检验工艺的限制或可
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Inspection is only effective if the
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) Coverage - Different zones or are
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d) Procedures and Practices - Inspe
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The user can adjust these parameter
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POF 为风险关键因素 :
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检验如何降低检验费
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Unacceptable imperfections UW-51 (b
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What were the differences in inspec
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http://www.dnv.com/services/softwar
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14 Other Risk Mitigation Activities
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14.1 General 总则 As described i
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1. 14.2 Equipment Replacement and R
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Other Risk Mitigation Activities
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14.4 Equipment Modification, Redesi
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14.6 Emergency Depressurizing/De-in
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14.7 Modify Process 工艺修改
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14.8 Establish IOWs 建立操作
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14.10 Water Spray/Deluge 水喷 /
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14.13 Others 其他 a) spill detec
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15 Reassessment and Updating RBI As
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15.1 RBI Reassessments 重估 RBI
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It is important that the facility h
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Sections 15.2.2 through 15.2.5 prov
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang I
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很多损伤机理带来的
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Process changes API 580 Charlie Cho
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Process changes API 580 Charlie Cho
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang t
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RBI Assessment Premise Change Chang
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http://www.stoprust.com/23-risk-bas
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Page 839 and 840: 15.3.2 After a Set Time Period 时
Page 841 and 842: 15.3.4 Before and After Maintenance
Page 843 and 844: 16 Roles, Responsibilities, Trainin
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Page 859 and 860: 16.2 Team Members, Roles, and Respo
Page 861 and 862: a) formation of the team and verify
Page 863 and 864: 团队领导 API 580 Charlie Cho
Page 865: 16.2.3 Equipment Inspector or Inspe
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Page 872 and 873: 腐蚀专家职责 : • 评
Page 876 and 877: 16.2.5 Process Specialist 工艺
Page 878 and 879: 16.2.6 Operations and Maintenance P
Page 880 and 881: 16.2.7 Management 管理层 Manag
Page 882 and 883: 16.2.8 Risk Analyst 风险分析
Page 890 and 891: 16.3.2 Other Team Members 其他
Page 892 and 893: 培训和资格 API 580 Charlie
Page 894 and 895: 17 RBI Documentation and Record kee
Page 898 and 899: f) assumptions made during the asse
Page 900 and 901: 17.2 RBI Methodology 方法学 Th
Page 902 and 903: 17.3 RBI Personnel 评估人员
Page 904 and 905: Failure occurred Probability of Fai
Page 906 and 907: d) anticipated failure mode(s) (e.g
Page 908 and 909: 17.7 Risk Assessment Results 风
Page 910 and 911: The methodology, process and person
Page 912 and 913: 17.9 Applicable Codes, Standards, a
Page 914 and 915: 18 Summary of Risk- Based Inspectio
Page 916 and 917: 18.1 General 总则 The following
Page 918 and 919: 期望 RBI 带来不实际的
Page 920 and 921: 18.3 Data and Information Collectio
Page 922 and 923: 18.4 Damage Mechanisms and Failure
Page 924 and 925: 18.5 Assessing POF 评估故障
Page 926 and 927: 18.6 Assessing COF 评估故障
Page 930 and 931: 18.7 Risk Determination, Assessment
Page 932 and 933: 18.8 Risk Management with Inspectio
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Page 936 and 937: 18.10 Reassessment and Updating RBI
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18.11 Roles, Responsibilities, Trai
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18.12 RBI Documentation and Record
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