Risk-Based Inspection

More documents

Recommendations

Info

泄漏位置地形和可达性 API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
The fine component cost will depend on the regulations and laws of the applicable local and federal jurisdictions. The other cost component would include costs that may be associated with the spill such as litigation from landowners or other parties. This component is typically specific to the locale of the facility. 罚款项 - 取决于当地和联邦司法管辖区的法律和法规其他成本组成将包括可能 , 如从土地所有者或其他人提起诉讼的与泄漏相关费用 . 这个构成要素 , 通常是备的区域而别 . API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 1 and 2:
Risk-Based Inspection Downstream Se
Page 3 and 4:
基于风险的检验 - 下
Page 6 and 7:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang R
Page 8 and 9:
Foreword
Page 10 and 11:
API 580 旨在补充 API 510, AP
Page 12 and 13:
5 Basic Risk Assessment Concepts 5.
Page 14 and 15:
10 Assessing Probability of Failure
Page 16 and 17:
13 Risk Management with Inspection
Page 18 and 19:
15 Reassessment and Updating RBI As
Page 20 and 21:
Figures 1 Management of Risk Using
Page 22 and 23:
Introduction This recommended pract
Page 24:
RBI is synonymous 同义 with •
Page 27 and 28:
Contents 1 Purpose 1.1 General 1.2
Page 29 and 30:
It provides guidance to (1) owners,
Page 31 and 32:
RBI 过程预期成果 : The e
Page 33 and 34:
The RBI process 能够产生的
Page 35 and 36:
任何其他风险缓解活
Page 37 and 38:
RBI 过程预期成果 (1) 所
Page 39 and 40:
RBI 过程预期成果 (2) 每
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
RBI 过程预期成果 3) 任
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
1.2 RBI Benefits and Limitations
Page 56 and 57:
RBI Benefits and Limitations
Page 58 and 59:
a) an acceptance/understanding of t
Page 60 and 61:
a) an acceptance/understanding of t
Page 62 and 63:
The RBI plans also identify equipme
Page 64 and 65:
RBI is based on sound, proven risk
Page 66 and 67:
inadequate designs or faulty equipm
Page 68 and 69:
not effectively executing the plans
Page 70 and 71:
lack of sound engineering or operat
Page 72 and 73:
RBI should serve to guide the direc
Page 74 and 75:
proven inspection technologies that
Page 76 and 77:
综合管理工具配合其
Page 78:
Contents 2 Scope 2.1 Industry Scope
Page 82 and 83:
this RP is specifically targeted at
Page 84 and 85:
2.2 Flexibility in Application 灵
Page 86 and 87:
2.3 Mechanical Integrity Focused Th
Page 88 and 89:
RBI 补足 HAZOP/PHA/RCM 作为
Page 90 and 91:
2.4 Equipment Covered 覆盖设
Page 92 and 93:
Process Piping- Pipe and piping com
Page 94 and 95:
Storage Tanks- Atmospheric and pres
Page 96 and 97:
Boilers and Heaters - Pressurized c
Page 98 and 99:
2.5 Equipment Not Covered 不覆
Page 100 and 101:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
虽然主要观众为负责
Page 106 and 107:
3 Normative References API 580 Char
Page 108 and 109:
Societies/Organizations: 1. ASME In
Page 110 and 111:
• AICHE 2, Dow’s Fire and Explo
Page 112 and 113:
Contents 4 Terms, Definitions, Acro
Page 114 and 115:
1.2 RBI Benefits and Limitations
Page 116 and 117:
4.1.4 components 组成整件
Page 118 and 119:
4.1.9 damage (or deterioration) mod
Page 120 and 121:
4.1.14 event 事件 Occurrence of
Page 122 and 123:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang i
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
4.1.18 Failure ……………… 1
Page 130 and 131:
For RBI, the failure of concern is
Page 132 and 133:
4.1.22 hazard and operability study
Page 134 and 135:
4.1.26 management of change MOC 变
Page 136 and 137:
4.1.29 process unit 工艺设备
Page 138 and 139:
Reformer PFD Facility →Process un
Page 140 and 141:
Facility →Process units → Syste
Page 142 and 143:
4.1.30 qualitative risk analysis
Page 144 and 145:
定性风险分析的结果
Page 146 and 147:
4.1.31 quantitative risk analysis Q
Page 148 and 149:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Q
Page 150 and 151:
4.1.35 Risk 风险 - 事件的
Page 152 and 153:
4.1.37 risk analysis 风险分
Page 154 and 155:
concerns of stakeholders? API 580 C
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
concerns of stakeholders? Himba wom
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
4.1.41 risk communication 风险
Page 166 and 167:
isk criteria 风险标准 Terms
Page 168 and 169:
4.1.48 risk mitigation 风险缓
Page 170 and 171:
4.1.53 System 系统 A collection
Page 172 and 173:
4.1.55 toxic chemical 有毒化
Page 174 and 175:
4.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations ACC
Page 176 and 177:
5 Basic Risk Assessment Concepts AP
Page 178 and 179:
5.1 What is Risk? 什么是风
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
For example, in driving a car, peop
Page 184 and 185:
Risk is the combination of the prob
Page 186 and 187:
5.3 The Evolution of Inspection Int
Page 188 and 189:
With advances in inspection approac
Page 190 and 191:
RBI represents the next generation
Page 192 and 193:
5.4 Overview of Risk Analysis 风
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
e) determine credible failure mode
Page 198 and 199:
Data → Damage Mechanism→ Damage
Page 200 and 201:
A point is reached where additional
Page 202 and 203:
typical inspection program Upper cu
Page 204 and 205:
RBI Inspection lower risks can be a
Page 206 and 207:
残余风险 API 580 Charlie Cho
Page 208 and 209:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang d
Page 210 and 211:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang d
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
5.6 Relative Risk vs Absolute Risk
Page 216 and 217:
API 580 RBI RBI is focused on a sys
Page 218 and 219:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang t
Page 220 and 221:
6.1 Key Elements of an RBI Program
Page 222 and 223:
6.2 Consequence and Probability for
Page 224 and 225:
Combining the probability of one or
Page 226 and 227:
Traditionally, organizations have f
Page 228 and 229:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang K
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
The RBI procedure can be applied qu
Page 234 and 235:
所选择的方法可以在
Page 236 and 237:
Qualitative Approach-This approach
Page 238 and 239:
QRA uses logic models depicting com
Page 240 and 241:
QRA logic models generally consist
Page 242 and 243:
The traditional QRA is generally co
Page 244 and 245:
The QRA typically involves a much m
Page 246 and 247:
Typically, most of the data used in
Page 248 and 249:
When performing risk analysis acros
Page 250 and 251:
6.4 Precision vs Accuracy 精度
Page 252 and 253:
Risk presented as a precise numeric
Page 254 and 255:
Therefore, it may be beneficial to
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Quantitative analysis uses logic mo
Page 262 and 263:
Process variables that should be co
Page 264 and 265:
Since risk is dynamic (i.e. changes
Page 266 and 267:
Those changes might include such th
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
The objective of RBI is to direct m
Page 272 and 273:
The POF due to such deterioration i
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
For those equipment items where ins
Page 278 and 279:
6.6.3 Evaluation and Fitness-For-Se
Page 280 and 281:
6.6.4 Other Risk Management 其他
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
The relationship between RBI and se
Page 286 and 287:
6.7.2 PHA A Process Hazard Analysis
Page 288 and 289:
6.7.3 PSM Process Safety Management
Page 290 and 291:
6.7.4 Equipment Reliability 设备
Page 292 and 293:
Those benefits can include: a) appl
Page 294 and 295:
7 Planning the RBI Assessment 评
Page 296 and 297:
7.1 Getting Started 开始 This se
Page 298 and 299:
At the conclusion of the planning p
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
7.2 Establishing Objectives and Goa
Page 304 and 305:
7.2.3 Define Risk Criteria 定义
Page 306 and 307:
7.2.6 Meet Safety and Environmental
Page 308 and 309:
e) removal of unnecessary insulatio
Page 310 and 311:
The RBI assessment may identify ris
Page 312 and 313:
New Project Risk Assessment API 580
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
7.2.9 Facilities End of Life Strate
Page 320 and 321:
Typically, RBI is done on multiple
Page 322 and 323:
Facility-Plant API 580 Charlie Chon
Page 324 and 325:
process units API 580 Charlie Chong
Page 326 and 327:
System - CS Vessel 230psig, 230ºC
Page 328 and 329:
7.3.3 Facilities Screening 设备
Page 330 and 331:
石油和天然气加工和
Page 332 and 333:
石化和化工厂 API 580 Cha
Page 334 and 335:
液化天然气工厂 API 580
Page 336 and 337:
facility level API 580 Charlie Chon
Page 338 and 339:
设施水平需要回答的
Page 340 and 341:
(3) 是否有足够的资源
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang h
Page 346 and 347:
7.3.4 Process Units Screening 工
Page 348 and 349:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang C
Page 350 and 351:
Process Units API 580 Charlie Chong
Page 352 and 353:
以设备细分为系统 - C
Page 354 and 355:
以冶金细分为系统 - C
Page 356 and 357:
Catalytic Reforming 催化转化
Page 358 and 359:
When a process unit is identified f
Page 360 and 361:
Selection of equipment types to be
Page 362 and 363:
7.3.7 Utilities, Emergency and Off-
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
The operating conditions, including
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
Page 372 and 373:
Page 374 and 375:
7.4.3 Normal, Upset, and Cyclic Ope
Page 376 and 377:
The following data should be provid
Page 378 and 379:
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 380 and 381:
7.4.4 Operating Time Period 操作
Page 382 and 383:
A strategy should be developed, mat
Page 384 and 385:
7.6 Estimating Resources and Time R
Page 386 and 387:
8 Data and Information Collection f
Page 388 and 389:
Contents 8 Data and Information Col
Page 390 and 391:
收集的数据作为评估
Page 392 and 393:
Page 394 and 395:
Page 396 and 397:
Documentation of unique equipment a
Page 398 and 399:
• 不同的评估方法需
Page 400 and 401:
8.2.1 Data Needs for Qualitative RB
Page 402 and 403:
通常 , 使用范围广泛
Page 404 and 405:
8.2.3 Data Needs for Semi-quantitat
Page 406 and 407:
Another potential source of scatter
Page 408 and 409:
Page 410 and 411:
8.4 Codes and Standards—National
Page 412 and 413:
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 414 and 415:
8.5 Sources of Site-specific Data a
Page 416 and 417:
Potential sources of specific infor
Page 418 and 419:
Page 420 and 421:
d) MOC records; 设备变动管
Page 422 and 423:
seismic activity records API 580 Ch
Page 424 and 425:
9 Damage Mechanisms and Failure Mod
Page 426 and 427:
Page 428 and 429:
Page 430 and 431:
Page 432 and 433:
Page 434 and 435:
Page 436 and 437:
9.1.1 Identification of Damage Mech
Page 438 and 439:
) Considering the materials, method
Page 440 and 441:
Page 442 and 443:
d) It is often possible to have two
Page 444 and 445:
Understanding equipment operation a
Page 446 and 447:
9.3 Failure Modes 失效模式 O
Page 448 and 449:
9.4 Accumulated Damage 累积损
Page 450 and 451:
c) a ranking of credible failure mo
Page 452 and 453:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang 1
Page 454 and 455:
Page 456 and 457:
10.1 Introduction to Probability An
Page 458 and 459:
The probability of specific consequ
Page 460 and 461:
The probability of specific consequ
Page 462 and 463:
Guidance on determining the probabi
Page 464 and 465:
Page 466 and 467:
weather extremes API 580 Charlie Ch
Page 468 and 469:
Page 470 and 471:
operator error API 580 Charlie Chon
Page 472 and 473:
sabotage API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fio
Page 474 and 475:
sabotage http://en.wikipedia.org/wi
Page 476 and 477:
For a qualitative analysis, the POF
Page 478 and 479:
Two examples of this are listed in
Page 480 and 481:
10.3 Types of Probability Analysis
Page 482 and 483:
Page 484 and 485:
Another approach is used when inacc
Page 486 and 487:
10.4 Determination of POF 确定
Page 488:
Analyzing the effect of in-service
Page 493 and 494:
Probability of Failure POF Damage T
Page 495 and 496:
For many damage mechanisms, the rat
Page 497 and 498:
Page 499 and 500:
equipment complexity, 设备的
Page 501 and 502:
process and metallurgical variation
Page 503 and 504:
inaccessibility for inspection, 难
Page 505 and 506:
the inspector’s expertise 检查
Page 507 and 508:
恶化率信息的来源包
Page 509 and 510:
f) the phase of the fluid (liquid,
Page 511 and 512:
10.4.3 Determine Failure Mode 确
Page 513 and 514:
a) pitting generally leads to small
Page 515 and 516:
a) pitting generally leads to small
Page 517 and 518:
) stress corrosion cracking can dev
Page 519 and 520:
c) metallurgical deterioration and
Page 521 and 522:
d) general thinning from corrosion
Page 523 and 524:
d) general thinning from corrosion
Page 525 and 526:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang e
Page 527 and 528:
Page 529 and 530:
f) Deterioration rate under some ex
Page 531 and 532:
Page 533 and 534:
Page 535 and 536:
10.4.5 Calculate the POF by Deterio
Page 537 and 538:
11 Assessing Consequences of Failur
Page 539 and 540:
Page 541 and 542:
Page 543 and 544:
Page 545 and 546:
Page 547 and 548:
Page 549 and 550:
Page 551 and 552:
Page 553 and 554:
11.1 Introduction to Consequence An
Page 555 and 556:
对环境的影响 API 580 Cha
Page 557 and 558:
Page 559 and 560:
Page 561 and 562:
Page 563 and 564:
Page 565 and 566:
Page 567 and 568:
Page 569 and 570:
Page 571 and 572:
安全和健康的影响 /
Page 573 and 574:
Page 575 and 576:
Page 577 and 578:
POF Managed by Inspector & Inspecti
Page 579 and 580:
More or less complex and detailed m
Page 581 and 582:
11.1.3 Other Functional Failures Al
Page 583 and 584:
These other functional failures are
Page 585 and 586:
11.2 Types of Consequence Analysis
Page 587 and 588:
Page 589 and 590:
11.2.3 Quantitative Consequences An
Page 591 and 592:
• failure mode and resulting leak
Page 593 and 594:
评估故障结果的一些
Page 595 and 596: API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 599 and 600: 11.3.3 Cost 费用 , 价值 Cost
Page 601 and 602: The above list is reasonably compre
Page 603 and 604: Cost generally requires fairly deta
Page 605 and 606: 11.3.4 Affected Area 受影响
Page 609 and 610: 11.3.5 Environmental Damage 环境
Page 617 and 618: 11.3.6 Categorizing Safety, Health,
Page 619 and 620: 11.3.7 Other Considerations 其他
Page 621 and 622: In some cases, the volume released
Page 623 and 624: The cost of the lost fluid may be c
Page 625 and 626: 11.5.6 Production (Business Interru
Page 627 and 628: The flammable events consequence is
Page 629 and 630: Boiling liquid expanding vapor expl
Page 631 and 632: Flammable Events (Fire and Explosio
Page 633 and 634: 此风险评估通常着重
Page 635 and 636: 11.5.4 Releases of Other Hazardous
Page 639 and 640: Liquid releases may result in conta
Page 641 and 642: The consequences of environmental d
Page 643 and 644: 泄漏位置地形和可达
Page 645: 泄漏位置地形和可达
Page 649 and 650: The selection of a specific method
Page 651 and 652: API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang D
Page 653 and 654: More rigorous methods for estimatin
Page 655 and 656: Site specific circumstances should
Page 657 and 658: 11.5.7 Maintenance and Reconstructi
Page 659 and 660: Flammable Events (Fire and Explosio
Page 661 and 662: Consequence cost: Unscheduled Repai
Page 663 and 664: Consequence cost: Equipment replace
Page 665 and 666: Repair of small damage cost equipme
Page 667 and 668: The steps are as follows: 释放
Page 669 and 670: Figure 5—Determination of COF API
Page 671 and 672: 用来估算后果的因素
Page 673 and 674: The following shows how a consequen
Page 675 and 676: 11.6.3 Factors for More Rigorous Me
Page 679 and 680: 12 Risk Determination, Assessment a
Page 681 and 682: 12.1 Purpose 目的 This section d
Page 683 and 684: For example, after a loss of contai
Page 685 and 686: Personnel inexperienced in risk ass
Page 689 and 690: Figure 5—Determination of COF
Page 691 and 692: EXAMPLE: An equipment item containi
Page 693 and 694: API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang F
Page 695 and 696: Typically, there will be other cred
Page 697 and 698:
If probability and consequence are
Page 699 and 700:
12.3 Risk Management Decisions and
Page 701 and 702:
12.3.2 Using Risk Assessment in Ins
Page 703 and 704:
Page 705 and 706:
It often is worthwhile to gather ad
Page 707 and 708:
在缺乏可信的输入值
Page 709 and 710:
12.6 Risk Presentation 风险表
Page 711 and 712:
Risk categories may be assigned to
Page 713 and 714:
Probability of the associated conse
Page 715 and 716:
12.6.3 Risk Plots 风险绘图 W
Page 717 and 718:
Line of constant risk - acceptable
Page 719 and 720:
Risk may be described in terms of d
Page 721 and 722:
12.7 Establishing Acceptable Risk T
Page 723 and 724:
Page 725 and 726:
Page 727 and 728:
12.8 Risk Management 风险管
Page 729 and 730:
13 Risk Management with Inspection
Page 731 and 732:
13.1 Managing Risk by Reducing Unce
Page 733 and 734:
http://www.dnv.com/services/softwar
Page 735 and 736:
Page 737 and 738:
Other damage mechanisms precipitate
Page 739 and 740:
Page 741 and 742:
http://www.sv.vt.edu/classes/MSE209
Page 743 and 744:
Hence the need for a establishing a
Page 745 and 746:
13.2 Identifying Risk Management Op
Page 747 and 748:
active and credible damage mechanis
Page 749 and 750:
accessibility to expected damage ar
Page 751 and 752:
Page 753 and 754:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang a
Page 755 and 756:
Page 757 and 758:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang I
Page 759 and 760:
In cases such as these, an alternat
Page 761 and 762:
检验工艺的限制或可
Page 763 and 764:
检验工艺的限制或可
Page 765 and 766:
Inspection is only effective if the
Page 767 and 768:
Page 769 and 770:
) Coverage - Different zones or are
Page 771 and 772:
d) Procedures and Practices - Inspe
Page 773 and 774:
Page 775 and 776:
The user can adjust these parameter
Page 777 and 778:
POF 为风险关键因素 :
Page 779 and 780:
检验如何降低检验费
Page 781 and 782:
Page 783 and 784:
Page 785 and 786:
Page 787 and 788:
Unacceptable imperfections UW-51 (b
Page 789 and 790:
Page 791 and 792:
What were the differences in inspec
Page 793 and 794:
http://www.dnv.com/services/softwar
Page 795 and 796:
14 Other Risk Mitigation Activities
Page 797 and 798:
14.1 General 总则 As described i
Page 799 and 800:
1. 14.2 Equipment Replacement and R
Page 801 and 802:
Other Risk Mitigation Activities
Page 803 and 804:
14.4 Equipment Modification, Redesi
Page 805 and 806:
14.6 Emergency Depressurizing/De-in
Page 807 and 808:
14.7 Modify Process 工艺修改
Page 809 and 810:
14.8 Establish IOWs 建立操作
Page 811 and 812:
14.10 Water Spray/Deluge 水喷 /
Page 813 and 814:
14.13 Others 其他 a) spill detec
Page 815 and 816:
15 Reassessment and Updating RBI As
Page 817 and 818:
15.1 RBI Reassessments 重估 RBI
Page 819 and 820:
It is important that the facility h
Page 821 and 822:
Sections 15.2.2 through 15.2.5 prov
Page 823 and 824:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang I
Page 825 and 826:
很多损伤机理带来的
Page 827 and 828:
Process changes API 580 Charlie Cho
Page 829 and 830:
Process changes API 580 Charlie Cho
Page 831 and 832:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang t
Page 833 and 834:
RBI Assessment Premise Change Chang
Page 835 and 836:
http://www.stoprust.com/23-risk-bas
Page 837 and 838:
15.3.1 After Significant Changes
Page 839 and 840:
15.3.2 After a Set Time Period 时
Page 841 and 842:
15.3.4 Before and After Maintenance
Page 843 and 844:
16 Roles, Responsibilities, Trainin
Page 845:
Page 857 and 858:
Page 859 and 860:
16.2 Team Members, Roles, and Respo
Page 861 and 862:
a) formation of the team and verify
Page 863 and 864:
团队领导 API 580 Charlie Cho
Page 865:
16.2.3 Equipment Inspector or Inspe
Page 869:
Page 872 and 873:
腐蚀专家职责 : • 评
Page 876 and 877:
16.2.5 Process Specialist 工艺
Page 878 and 879:
16.2.6 Operations and Maintenance P
Page 880 and 881:
16.2.7 Management 管理层 Manag
Page 882 and 883:
16.2.8 Risk Analyst 风险分析
Page 884 and 885:
Page 886 and 887:
Page 888 and 889:
Page 890 and 891:
16.3.2 Other Team Members 其他
Page 892 and 893:
培训和资格 API 580 Charlie
Page 894 and 895:
17 RBI Documentation and Record kee
Page 896 and 897:
Page 898 and 899:
f) assumptions made during the asse
Page 900 and 901:
17.2 RBI Methodology 方法学 Th
Page 902 and 903:
17.3 RBI Personnel 评估人员
Page 904 and 905:
Failure occurred Probability of Fai
Page 906 and 907:
d) anticipated failure mode(s) (e.g
Page 908 and 909:
17.7 Risk Assessment Results 风
Page 910 and 911:
The methodology, process and person
Page 912 and 913:
17.9 Applicable Codes, Standards, a
Page 914 and 915:
18 Summary of Risk- Based Inspectio
Page 916 and 917:
18.1 General 总则 The following
Page 918 and 919:
期望 RBI 带来不实际的
Page 920 and 921:
18.3 Data and Information Collectio
Page 922 and 923:
18.4 Damage Mechanisms and Failure
Page 924 and 925:
18.5 Assessing POF 评估故障
Page 926 and 927:
18.6 Assessing COF 评估故障
Page 928 and 929:
Page 930 and 931:
18.7 Risk Determination, Assessment
Page 932 and 933:
18.8 Risk Management with Inspectio
Page 934 and 935:
18.9 Other Risk Management Activiti
Page 936 and 937:
18.10 Reassessment and Updating RBI
Page 938 and 939:
18.11 Roles, Responsibilities, Trai
Page 940 and 941:
18.12 RBI Documentation and Record
Page 942 and 943:
Page 944 and 945:
Page 946:
show all

Risk-Based Inspection

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?