Risk-Based Inspection

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11.5.6 Production (Business Interruption) Consequences 生产 ( 营业中断 ) 的后果 Production consequences generally occur with any loss of containment of the process fluid and often with a loss of containment of a utility fluid (water, steam, fuel gas, acid, caustic, etc.). These production consequences may be in addition to or independent of flammable, toxic, hazardous or environmental consequences. The main production consequences for RBI are financial. The financial consequences could include the value of the lost process fluid and business interruption. The cost of the lost fluid can be calculated fairly easily by multiplying the volume released by the value of the fluid lost. Calculation of the business interruption is more complex. 主要生产的后果是经济损失 ( 能包括失去的工艺流体和业务中断的价值 ). API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
The selection of a specific method depends on: 具体方法的选择取决于 a) the scope and level of detail of the study, 研究的目的与细节深度 b) availability of business interruption data. 业务中断数据可得到性 A simple method for estimating the business interruption consequence is to use the equation: 估算的营业中断的后果的一种简单方法 Business Interruption = Process Unit Daily Value × Downtime (Days) 业中断 = 处理单元每日价值 × 停机时间 ( 天 ) The unit daily value could be on a revenue or profit basis. The downtime estimate would represent the time required to get back into production. The Dow Fire and Explosion Index is a typical method of estimating downtime after a fire or explosion. 停机时间估算恢复生间隔产所需的时间 API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Risk-Based Inspection Downstream Se
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基于风险的检验 - 下
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang R
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Foreword
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API 580 旨在补充 API 510, AP
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5 Basic Risk Assessment Concepts 5.
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10 Assessing Probability of Failure
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13 Risk Management with Inspection
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15 Reassessment and Updating RBI As
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Figures 1 Management of Risk Using
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Introduction This recommended pract
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RBI is synonymous 同义 with •
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Contents 1 Purpose 1.1 General 1.2
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It provides guidance to (1) owners,
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RBI 过程预期成果 : The e
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The RBI process 能够产生的
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任何其他风险缓解活
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RBI 过程预期成果 (1) 所
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RBI 过程预期成果 (2) 每
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RBI 过程预期成果 3) 任
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1.2 RBI Benefits and Limitations
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RBI Benefits and Limitations
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a) an acceptance/understanding of t
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a) an acceptance/understanding of t
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The RBI plans also identify equipme
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RBI is based on sound, proven risk
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inadequate designs or faulty equipm
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not effectively executing the plans
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lack of sound engineering or operat
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RBI should serve to guide the direc
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proven inspection technologies that
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综合管理工具配合其
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Contents 2 Scope 2.1 Industry Scope
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this RP is specifically targeted at
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2.2 Flexibility in Application 灵
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2.3 Mechanical Integrity Focused Th
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RBI 补足 HAZOP/PHA/RCM 作为
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2.4 Equipment Covered 覆盖设
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Process Piping- Pipe and piping com
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Storage Tanks- Atmospheric and pres
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Boilers and Heaters - Pressurized c
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2.5 Equipment Not Covered 不覆
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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虽然主要观众为负责
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3 Normative References API 580 Char
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Societies/Organizations: 1. ASME In
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• AICHE 2, Dow’s Fire and Explo
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Contents 4 Terms, Definitions, Acro
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1.2 RBI Benefits and Limitations
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4.1.4 components 组成整件
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4.1.9 damage (or deterioration) mod
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4.1.14 event 事件 Occurrence of
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang i
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4.1.18 Failure ……………… 1
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For RBI, the failure of concern is
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4.1.22 hazard and operability study
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4.1.26 management of change MOC 变
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4.1.29 process unit 工艺设备
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Reformer PFD Facility →Process un
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Facility →Process units → Syste
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4.1.30 qualitative risk analysis
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定性风险分析的结果
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4.1.31 quantitative risk analysis Q
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Q
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4.1.35 Risk 风险 - 事件的
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4.1.37 risk analysis 风险分
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concerns of stakeholders? API 580 C
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concerns of stakeholders? Himba wom
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4.1.41 risk communication 风险
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isk criteria 风险标准 Terms
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4.1.48 risk mitigation 风险缓
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4.1.53 System 系统 A collection
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4.1.55 toxic chemical 有毒化
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4.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations ACC
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5 Basic Risk Assessment Concepts AP
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5.1 What is Risk? 什么是风
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For example, in driving a car, peop
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Risk is the combination of the prob
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5.3 The Evolution of Inspection Int
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With advances in inspection approac
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RBI represents the next generation
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5.4 Overview of Risk Analysis 风
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e) determine credible failure mode
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Data → Damage Mechanism→ Damage
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A point is reached where additional
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typical inspection program Upper cu
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RBI Inspection lower risks can be a
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残余风险 API 580 Charlie Cho
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang d
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5.6 Relative Risk vs Absolute Risk
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API 580 RBI RBI is focused on a sys
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang t
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6.1 Key Elements of an RBI Program
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6.2 Consequence and Probability for
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Combining the probability of one or
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Traditionally, organizations have f
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang K
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The RBI procedure can be applied qu
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所选择的方法可以在
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Qualitative Approach-This approach
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QRA uses logic models depicting com
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QRA logic models generally consist
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The traditional QRA is generally co
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The QRA typically involves a much m
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Typically, most of the data used in
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When performing risk analysis acros
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6.4 Precision vs Accuracy 精度
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Risk presented as a precise numeric
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Therefore, it may be beneficial to
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Quantitative analysis uses logic mo
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Process variables that should be co
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Since risk is dynamic (i.e. changes
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Those changes might include such th
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The objective of RBI is to direct m
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The POF due to such deterioration i
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For those equipment items where ins
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6.6.3 Evaluation and Fitness-For-Se
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6.6.4 Other Risk Management 其他
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The relationship between RBI and se
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6.7.2 PHA A Process Hazard Analysis
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6.7.3 PSM Process Safety Management
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6.7.4 Equipment Reliability 设备
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Those benefits can include: a) appl
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7 Planning the RBI Assessment 评
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7.1 Getting Started 开始 This se
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At the conclusion of the planning p
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7.2 Establishing Objectives and Goa
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7.2.3 Define Risk Criteria 定义
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7.2.6 Meet Safety and Environmental
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e) removal of unnecessary insulatio
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The RBI assessment may identify ris
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New Project Risk Assessment API 580
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7.2.9 Facilities End of Life Strate
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Typically, RBI is done on multiple
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Facility-Plant API 580 Charlie Chon
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process units API 580 Charlie Chong
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System - CS Vessel 230psig, 230ºC
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7.3.3 Facilities Screening 设备
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石油和天然气加工和
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石化和化工厂 API 580 Cha
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液化天然气工厂 API 580
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facility level API 580 Charlie Chon
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设施水平需要回答的
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(3) 是否有足够的资源
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang h
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7.3.4 Process Units Screening 工
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang C
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Process Units API 580 Charlie Chong
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以设备细分为系统 - C
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以冶金细分为系统 - C
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Catalytic Reforming 催化转化
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When a process unit is identified f
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Selection of equipment types to be
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7.3.7 Utilities, Emergency and Off-
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The operating conditions, including
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7.4.3 Normal, Upset, and Cyclic Ope
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The following data should be provid
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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7.4.4 Operating Time Period 操作
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A strategy should be developed, mat
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7.6 Estimating Resources and Time R
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8 Data and Information Collection f
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Contents 8 Data and Information Col
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收集的数据作为评估
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Documentation of unique equipment a
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• 不同的评估方法需
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8.2.1 Data Needs for Qualitative RB
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通常 , 使用范围广泛
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8.2.3 Data Needs for Semi-quantitat
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Another potential source of scatter
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8.4 Codes and Standards—National
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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8.5 Sources of Site-specific Data a
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Potential sources of specific infor
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d) MOC records; 设备变动管
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seismic activity records API 580 Ch
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9 Damage Mechanisms and Failure Mod
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9.1.1 Identification of Damage Mech
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) Considering the materials, method
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d) It is often possible to have two
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Understanding equipment operation a
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9.3 Failure Modes 失效模式 O
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9.4 Accumulated Damage 累积损
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c) a ranking of credible failure mo
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang 1
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10.1 Introduction to Probability An
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The probability of specific consequ
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The probability of specific consequ
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Guidance on determining the probabi
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weather extremes API 580 Charlie Ch
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operator error API 580 Charlie Chon
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sabotage API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fio
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sabotage http://en.wikipedia.org/wi
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For a qualitative analysis, the POF
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Two examples of this are listed in
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10.3 Types of Probability Analysis
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Another approach is used when inacc
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10.4 Determination of POF 确定
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Analyzing the effect of in-service
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Probability of Failure POF Damage T
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For many damage mechanisms, the rat
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equipment complexity, 设备的
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process and metallurgical variation
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inaccessibility for inspection, 难
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the inspector’s expertise 检查
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恶化率信息的来源包
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f) the phase of the fluid (liquid,
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10.4.3 Determine Failure Mode 确
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a) pitting generally leads to small
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a) pitting generally leads to small
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) stress corrosion cracking can dev
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c) metallurgical deterioration and
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d) general thinning from corrosion
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d) general thinning from corrosion
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang e
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f) Deterioration rate under some ex
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10.4.5 Calculate the POF by Deterio
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11 Assessing Consequences of Failur
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11.1 Introduction to Consequence An
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对环境的影响 API 580 Cha
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安全和健康的影响 /
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POF Managed by Inspector & Inspecti
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More or less complex and detailed m
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11.1.3 Other Functional Failures Al
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These other functional failures are
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11.2 Types of Consequence Analysis
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11.2.3 Quantitative Consequences An
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• failure mode and resulting leak
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评估故障结果的一些
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Page 599 and 600: 11.3.3 Cost 费用 , 价值 Cost
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Page 609 and 610: 11.3.5 Environmental Damage 环境
Page 617 and 618: 11.3.6 Categorizing Safety, Health,
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Page 627 and 628: The flammable events consequence is
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Page 643 and 644: 泄漏位置地形和可达
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Page 657 and 658: 11.5.7 Maintenance and Reconstructi
Page 659 and 660: Flammable Events (Fire and Explosio
Page 661 and 662: Consequence cost: Unscheduled Repai
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Page 665 and 666: Repair of small damage cost equipme
Page 667 and 668: The steps are as follows: 释放
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Page 671 and 672: 用来估算后果的因素
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Page 683 and 684: For example, after a loss of contai
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12.3 Risk Management Decisions and
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12.3.2 Using Risk Assessment in Ins
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It often is worthwhile to gather ad
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在缺乏可信的输入值
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12.6 Risk Presentation 风险表
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Risk categories may be assigned to
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Probability of the associated conse
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12.6.3 Risk Plots 风险绘图 W
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Line of constant risk - acceptable
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Risk may be described in terms of d
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12.7 Establishing Acceptable Risk T
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12.8 Risk Management 风险管
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13 Risk Management with Inspection
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13.1 Managing Risk by Reducing Unce
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http://www.dnv.com/services/softwar
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Other damage mechanisms precipitate
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http://www.sv.vt.edu/classes/MSE209
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Hence the need for a establishing a
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13.2 Identifying Risk Management Op
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active and credible damage mechanis
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accessibility to expected damage ar
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang a
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang I
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In cases such as these, an alternat
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检验工艺的限制或可
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检验工艺的限制或可
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Inspection is only effective if the
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) Coverage - Different zones or are
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d) Procedures and Practices - Inspe
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The user can adjust these parameter
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POF 为风险关键因素 :
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检验如何降低检验费
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Unacceptable imperfections UW-51 (b
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What were the differences in inspec
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http://www.dnv.com/services/softwar
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14 Other Risk Mitigation Activities
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14.1 General 总则 As described i
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1. 14.2 Equipment Replacement and R
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Other Risk Mitigation Activities
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14.4 Equipment Modification, Redesi
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14.6 Emergency Depressurizing/De-in
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14.7 Modify Process 工艺修改
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14.8 Establish IOWs 建立操作
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14.10 Water Spray/Deluge 水喷 /
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14.13 Others 其他 a) spill detec
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15 Reassessment and Updating RBI As
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15.1 RBI Reassessments 重估 RBI
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It is important that the facility h
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Sections 15.2.2 through 15.2.5 prov
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang I
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很多损伤机理带来的
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Process changes API 580 Charlie Cho
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Process changes API 580 Charlie Cho
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang t
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RBI Assessment Premise Change Chang
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http://www.stoprust.com/23-risk-bas
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15.3.1 After Significant Changes
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15.3.2 After a Set Time Period 时
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15.3.4 Before and After Maintenance
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16 Roles, Responsibilities, Trainin
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16.2 Team Members, Roles, and Respo
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a) formation of the team and verify
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团队领导 API 580 Charlie Cho
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16.2.3 Equipment Inspector or Inspe
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腐蚀专家职责 : • 评
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16.2.5 Process Specialist 工艺
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16.2.6 Operations and Maintenance P
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16.2.7 Management 管理层 Manag
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16.2.8 Risk Analyst 风险分析
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16.3.2 Other Team Members 其他
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培训和资格 API 580 Charlie
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17 RBI Documentation and Record kee
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f) assumptions made during the asse
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17.2 RBI Methodology 方法学 Th
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17.3 RBI Personnel 评估人员
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Failure occurred Probability of Fai
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d) anticipated failure mode(s) (e.g
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17.7 Risk Assessment Results 风
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The methodology, process and person
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17.9 Applicable Codes, Standards, a
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18 Summary of Risk- Based Inspectio
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18.1 General 总则 The following
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期望 RBI 带来不实际的
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18.3 Data and Information Collectio
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18.4 Damage Mechanisms and Failure
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18.5 Assessing POF 评估故障
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18.6 Assessing COF 评估故障
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18.7 Risk Determination, Assessment
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18.8 Risk Management with Inspectio
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18.9 Other Risk Management Activiti
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18.10 Reassessment and Updating RBI
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18.11 Roles, Responsibilities, Trai
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18.12 RBI Documentation and Record
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Risk-Based Inspection

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