- Page 1 and 2:
Risk-Based Inspection Downstream Se
- Page 3 and 4:
基 于 风 险 的 检 验 - 下
- Page 6 and 7:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang R
- Page 8 and 9:
Foreword
- Page 10 and 11:
API 580 旨 在 补 充 API 510, AP
- Page 12 and 13:
5 Basic Risk Assessment Concepts 5.
- Page 14 and 15:
10 Assessing Probability of Failure
- Page 16 and 17:
13 Risk Management with Inspection
- Page 18 and 19:
15 Reassessment and Updating RBI As
- Page 20 and 21:
Figures 1 Management of Risk Using
- Page 22 and 23:
Introduction This recommended pract
- Page 24:
RBI is synonymous 同 义 with •
- Page 27 and 28:
Contents 1 Purpose 1.1 General 1.2
- Page 29 and 30:
It provides guidance to (1) owners,
- Page 31 and 32:
RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 : The e
- Page 33 and 34:
The RBI process 能 够 产 生 的
- Page 35 and 36:
任 何 其 他 风 险 缓 解 活
- Page 37 and 38:
RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 (1) 所
- Page 39 and 40:
RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 (2) 每
- Page 41 and 42:
RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 (2) 每
- Page 43 and 44:
RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 (2) 每
- Page 45 and 46:
RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 3) 任
- Page 47 and 48:
RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 3) 任
- Page 49 and 50:
RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 3) 任
- Page 51 and 52:
RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 3) 任
- Page 53 and 54:
1.2 RBI Benefits and Limitations
- Page 56 and 57:
RBI Benefits and Limitations
- Page 58 and 59:
a) an acceptance/understanding of t
- Page 60 and 61:
a) an acceptance/understanding of t
- Page 62 and 63:
The RBI plans also identify equipme
- Page 64 and 65:
RBI is based on sound, proven risk
- Page 66 and 67:
inadequate designs or faulty equipm
- Page 68 and 69:
not effectively executing the plans
- Page 70 and 71:
lack of sound engineering or operat
- Page 72 and 73:
RBI should serve to guide the direc
- Page 74 and 75:
proven inspection technologies that
- Page 76 and 77:
综 合 管 理 工 具 配 合 其
- Page 78:
Contents 2 Scope 2.1 Industry Scope
- Page 82 and 83:
this RP is specifically targeted at
- Page 84 and 85:
2.2 Flexibility in Application 灵
- Page 86 and 87:
2.3 Mechanical Integrity Focused Th
- Page 88 and 89:
RBI 补 足 HAZOP/PHA/RCM 作 为
- Page 90 and 91:
2.4 Equipment Covered 覆 盖 设
- Page 92 and 93:
Process Piping- Pipe and piping com
- Page 94 and 95:
Storage Tanks- Atmospheric and pres
- Page 96 and 97:
Boilers and Heaters - Pressurized c
- Page 98 and 99:
2.5 Equipment Not Covered 不 覆
- Page 100 and 101:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 102 and 103:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 104 and 105:
虽 然 主 要 观 众 为 负 责
- Page 106 and 107:
3 Normative References API 580 Char
- Page 108 and 109:
Societies/Organizations: 1. ASME In
- Page 110 and 111:
• AICHE 2, Dow’s Fire and Explo
- Page 112 and 113:
Contents 4 Terms, Definitions, Acro
- Page 114 and 115:
1.2 RBI Benefits and Limitations
- Page 116 and 117:
4.1.4 components 组 成 整 件
- Page 118 and 119:
4.1.9 damage (or deterioration) mod
- Page 120 and 121:
4.1.14 event 事 件 Occurrence of
- Page 122 and 123:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang i
- Page 124 and 125:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 126 and 127:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 128 and 129:
4.1.18 Failure ……………… 1
- Page 130 and 131:
For RBI, the failure of concern is
- Page 132 and 133:
4.1.22 hazard and operability study
- Page 134 and 135:
4.1.26 management of change MOC 变
- Page 136 and 137:
4.1.29 process unit 工 艺 设 备
- Page 138 and 139:
Reformer PFD Facility →Process un
- Page 140 and 141:
Facility →Process units → Syste
- Page 142 and 143:
4.1.30 qualitative risk analysis
- Page 144 and 145:
定 性 风 险 分 析 的 结 果
- Page 146 and 147:
4.1.31 quantitative risk analysis Q
- Page 148 and 149:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Q
- Page 150 and 151:
4.1.35 Risk 风 险 - 事 件 的
- Page 152 and 153:
4.1.37 risk analysis 风 险 分
- Page 154 and 155:
concerns of stakeholders? API 580 C
- Page 156 and 157:
concerns of stakeholders? API 580 C
- Page 158 and 159:
concerns of stakeholders? API 580 C
- Page 160 and 161:
concerns of stakeholders? Himba wom
- Page 162 and 163:
concerns of stakeholders? API 580 C
- Page 164 and 165:
4.1.41 risk communication 风 险
- Page 166 and 167:
isk criteria 风 险 标 准 Terms
- Page 168 and 169:
4.1.48 risk mitigation 风 险 缓
- Page 170 and 171:
4.1.53 System 系 统 A collection
- Page 172 and 173:
4.1.55 toxic chemical 有 毒 化
- Page 174 and 175:
4.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations ACC
- Page 176 and 177:
5 Basic Risk Assessment Concepts AP
- Page 178 and 179:
5.1 What is Risk? 什 么 是 风
- Page 180 and 181:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 182 and 183:
For example, in driving a car, peop
- Page 184 and 185:
Risk is the combination of the prob
- Page 186 and 187:
5.3 The Evolution of Inspection Int
- Page 188 and 189:
With advances in inspection approac
- Page 190 and 191:
RBI represents the next generation
- Page 192 and 193:
5.4 Overview of Risk Analysis 风
- Page 194 and 195:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 196 and 197:
e) determine credible failure mode
- Page 198 and 199:
Data → Damage Mechanism→ Damage
- Page 200 and 201:
A point is reached where additional
- Page 202 and 203:
typical inspection program Upper cu
- Page 204 and 205:
RBI Inspection lower risks can be a
- Page 206 and 207:
残 余 风 险 API 580 Charlie Cho
- Page 208 and 209:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang d
- Page 210 and 211:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang d
- Page 212 and 213:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 214 and 215:
5.6 Relative Risk vs Absolute Risk
- Page 216 and 217:
API 580 RBI RBI is focused on a sys
- Page 218 and 219:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang t
- Page 220 and 221:
6.1 Key Elements of an RBI Program
- Page 222 and 223:
6.2 Consequence and Probability for
- Page 224 and 225:
Combining the probability of one or
- Page 226 and 227:
Traditionally, organizations have f
- Page 228 and 229:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang K
- Page 230 and 231:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 232 and 233:
The RBI procedure can be applied qu
- Page 234 and 235:
所 选 择 的 方 法 可 以 在
- Page 236 and 237:
Qualitative Approach-This approach
- Page 238 and 239:
QRA uses logic models depicting com
- Page 240 and 241:
QRA logic models generally consist
- Page 242 and 243:
The traditional QRA is generally co
- Page 244 and 245:
The QRA typically involves a much m
- Page 246 and 247:
Typically, most of the data used in
- Page 248 and 249:
When performing risk analysis acros
- Page 250 and 251:
6.4 Precision vs Accuracy 精 度
- Page 252 and 253:
Risk presented as a precise numeric
- Page 254 and 255:
Therefore, it may be beneficial to
- Page 256 and 257:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 258 and 259:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 260 and 261:
Quantitative analysis uses logic mo
- Page 262 and 263:
Process variables that should be co
- Page 264 and 265:
Since risk is dynamic (i.e. changes
- Page 266 and 267:
Those changes might include such th
- Page 268 and 269:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 270 and 271:
The objective of RBI is to direct m
- Page 272 and 273:
The POF due to such deterioration i
- Page 274 and 275:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 276 and 277:
For those equipment items where ins
- Page 278 and 279:
6.6.3 Evaluation and Fitness-For-Se
- Page 280 and 281:
6.6.4 Other Risk Management 其 他
- Page 282 and 283:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 284 and 285:
The relationship between RBI and se
- Page 286 and 287:
6.7.2 PHA A Process Hazard Analysis
- Page 288 and 289:
6.7.3 PSM Process Safety Management
- Page 290 and 291:
6.7.4 Equipment Reliability 设 备
- Page 292 and 293:
Those benefits can include: a) appl
- Page 294 and 295:
7 Planning the RBI Assessment 评
- Page 296 and 297:
7.1 Getting Started 开 始 This se
- Page 298 and 299:
At the conclusion of the planning p
- Page 300 and 301:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 302 and 303:
7.2 Establishing Objectives and Goa
- Page 304 and 305:
7.2.3 Define Risk Criteria 定 义
- Page 306 and 307:
7.2.6 Meet Safety and Environmental
- Page 308 and 309:
e) removal of unnecessary insulatio
- Page 310 and 311:
The RBI assessment may identify ris
- Page 312 and 313:
New Project Risk Assessment API 580
- Page 314 and 315:
New Project Risk Assessment API 580
- Page 316 and 317:
New Project Risk Assessment API 580
- Page 318 and 319:
7.2.9 Facilities End of Life Strate
- Page 320 and 321:
Typically, RBI is done on multiple
- Page 322 and 323:
Facility-Plant API 580 Charlie Chon
- Page 324 and 325:
process units API 580 Charlie Chong
- Page 326 and 327:
System - CS Vessel 230psig, 230ºC
- Page 328 and 329:
7.3.3 Facilities Screening 设 备
- Page 330 and 331:
石 油 和 天 然 气 加 工 和
- Page 332 and 333:
石 化 和 化 工 厂 API 580 Cha
- Page 334 and 335:
液 化 天 然 气 工 厂 API 580
- Page 336 and 337:
facility level API 580 Charlie Chon
- Page 338 and 339:
设 施 水 平 需 要 回 答 的
- Page 340 and 341:
(3) 是 否 有 足 够 的 资 源
- Page 342 and 343:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 344 and 345:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang h
- Page 346 and 347:
7.3.4 Process Units Screening 工
- Page 348 and 349:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang C
- Page 350 and 351:
Process Units API 580 Charlie Chong
- Page 352 and 353:
以 设 备 细 分 为 系 统 - C
- Page 354 and 355:
以 冶 金 细 分 为 系 统 - C
- Page 356 and 357:
Catalytic Reforming 催 化 转 化
- Page 358 and 359:
When a process unit is identified f
- Page 360 and 361:
Selection of equipment types to be
- Page 362 and 363:
7.3.7 Utilities, Emergency and Off-
- Page 364 and 365:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 366 and 367:
The operating conditions, including
- Page 368 and 369:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 370 and 371:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 372 and 373:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 374 and 375:
7.4.3 Normal, Upset, and Cyclic Ope
- Page 376 and 377:
The following data should be provid
- Page 378 and 379:
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 380 and 381:
7.4.4 Operating Time Period 操 作
- Page 382 and 383:
A strategy should be developed, mat
- Page 384 and 385:
7.6 Estimating Resources and Time R
- Page 386 and 387:
8 Data and Information Collection f
- Page 388 and 389:
Contents 8 Data and Information Col
- Page 390 and 391:
收 集 的 数 据 作 为 评 估
- Page 392 and 393:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 394 and 395:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 396 and 397:
Documentation of unique equipment a
- Page 398 and 399:
• 不 同 的 评 估 方 法 需
- Page 400 and 401:
8.2.1 Data Needs for Qualitative RB
- Page 402 and 403:
通 常 , 使 用 范 围 广 泛
- Page 404 and 405:
8.2.3 Data Needs for Semi-quantitat
- Page 406 and 407:
Another potential source of scatter
- Page 408 and 409:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 410 and 411:
8.4 Codes and Standards—National
- Page 412 and 413:
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 414 and 415:
8.5 Sources of Site-specific Data a
- Page 416 and 417:
Potential sources of specific infor
- Page 418 and 419:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 420 and 421:
d) MOC records; 设 备 变 动 管
- Page 422 and 423:
seismic activity records API 580 Ch
- Page 424 and 425:
9 Damage Mechanisms and Failure Mod
- Page 426 and 427:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 428 and 429:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 430 and 431:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 432 and 433:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 434 and 435:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 436 and 437:
9.1.1 Identification of Damage Mech
- Page 438 and 439: ) Considering the materials, method
- Page 440 and 441: API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 442 and 443: d) It is often possible to have two
- Page 444 and 445: Understanding equipment operation a
- Page 446 and 447: 9.3 Failure Modes 失 效 模 式 O
- Page 448 and 449: 9.4 Accumulated Damage 累 积 损
- Page 450 and 451: c) a ranking of credible failure mo
- Page 452 and 453: API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang 1
- Page 454 and 455: API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 456 and 457: 10.1 Introduction to Probability An
- Page 458 and 459: The probability of specific consequ
- Page 460 and 461: The probability of specific consequ
- Page 462 and 463: Guidance on determining the probabi
- Page 464 and 465: API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 466 and 467: weather extremes API 580 Charlie Ch
- Page 468 and 469: API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 470 and 471: operator error API 580 Charlie Chon
- Page 472 and 473: sabotage API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fio
- Page 474 and 475: sabotage http://en.wikipedia.org/wi
- Page 476 and 477: For a qualitative analysis, the POF
- Page 478 and 479: Two examples of this are listed in
- Page 480 and 481: 10.3 Types of Probability Analysis
- Page 482 and 483: API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 484 and 485: Another approach is used when inacc
- Page 486 and 487: 10.4 Determination of POF 确 定
- Page 492 and 493: c) Using a consistent approach, qua
- Page 494 and 495: 10.4.2 Determine the Deterioration
- Page 496 and 497: API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 498 and 499: The deterioration rate in specific
- Page 500 and 501: type of damage mechanism, 损 伤
- Page 502 and 503: inaccessibility for inspection, 难
- Page 504 and 505: limitations of inspection and test
- Page 506 and 507: Sources of deterioration rate infor
- Page 508 and 509: Damage rates will often vary as the
- Page 510 and 511: m) the component geometry (crevices
- Page 512 and 513: API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang F
- Page 514 and 515: a) pitting generally leads to small
- Page 516 and 517: ) stress corrosion cracking can dev
- Page 518 and 519: ) stress corrosion cracking can dev
- Page 520 and 521: c) metallurgical deterioration and
- Page 522 and 523: d) general thinning from corrosion
- Page 524 and 525: d) general thinning from corrosion
- Page 526 and 527: 10.4.4 Quantify Effectiveness of Pa
- Page 528 and 529: Limitations in the effectiveness of
- Page 530 and 531: API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 532 and 533: API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 534 and 535: If multiple inspections have been p
- Page 536 and 537: API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 538 and 539:
Contents 11 Assessing Consequences
- Page 540 and 541:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 542 and 543:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 544 and 545:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 546 and 547:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 548 and 549:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 550 and 551:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 552 and 553:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 554 and 555:
Consequence should typically be cat
- Page 556 and 557:
对 环 境 的 影 响 API 580 Cha
- Page 558 and 559:
对 环 境 的 影 响 API 580 Cha
- Page 560 and 561:
对 环 境 的 影 响 API 580 Cha
- Page 562 and 563:
对 环 境 的 影 响 API 580 Cha
- Page 564 and 565:
对 环 境 的 影 响 API 580 Cha
- Page 566 and 567:
对 环 境 的 影 响 API 580 Cha
- Page 568 and 569:
对 环 境 的 影 响 API 580 Cha
- Page 570 and 571:
对 环 境 的 影 响 API 580 Cha
- Page 572 and 573:
安 全 和 健 康 的 影 响 /
- Page 574 and 575:
安 全 和 健 康 的 影 响 /
- Page 576 and 577:
In general, an RBI program will be
- Page 578 and 579:
COF Managed by Management & Process
- Page 580 and 581:
11.1.2 Loss of Containment 溶 液
- Page 582 and 583:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 584 and 585:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 586 and 587:
11.2.2 Qualitative Consequences Ana
- Page 588 and 589:
故 障 后 果 评 估 的 结 果
- Page 590 and 591:
COF based on; 故 障 后 果 基
- Page 592 and 593:
11.3 Units of Measure in Consequenc
- Page 594 and 595:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 596 and 597:
11.3.2 Safety Safety consequences a
- Page 598 and 599:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 600 and 601:
Typical consequences that can be ex
- Page 602 and 603:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 604 and 605:
Instead of determining point values
- Page 606 and 607:
The units for affected area consequ
- Page 608 and 609:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 610 and 611:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 612 and 613:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 614 and 615:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 616 and 617:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 618 and 619:
Table 5—Six Level Safety, Health
- Page 620 and 621:
11.4 Volume of Fluid Released 流
- Page 622 and 623:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang h
- Page 624 and 625:
11.5 Consequence Effect Categories
- Page 626 and 627:
11.5.2 Flammable Events (Fire and E
- Page 628 and 629:
Boiling liquid expanding vapor expl
- Page 630 and 631:
Flammable Events (Fire and Explosio
- Page 632 and 633:
11.5.3 Toxic Releases 有 毒 物
- Page 634 and 635:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 636 and 637:
Generally, the consequence of this
- Page 638 and 639:
11.5.5 Environmental Consequences
- Page 640 and 641:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 642 and 643:
泄 漏 位 置 地 形 和 可 达
- Page 644 and 645:
泄 漏 位 置 地 形 和 可 达
- Page 646 and 647:
泄 漏 位 置 地 形 和 可 达
- Page 648 and 649:
11.5.6 Production (Business Interru
- Page 650 and 651:
主 要 生 产 的 后 果 是 经
- Page 652 and 653:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 654 and 655:
Business interruption consequences;
- Page 656 and 657:
d) extended downtime may result in
- Page 658 and 659:
Flammable Events (Fire and Explosio
- Page 660 and 661:
Flammable Events (Fire and Explosio
- Page 662 and 663:
Consequence cost: Unscheduled Repai
- Page 664 and 665:
Consequence cost: Equipment replace
- Page 666 and 667:
11.6 Determination of COF 故 障
- Page 668 and 669:
a) estimate the release rate, 估
- Page 670 and 671:
11.6.2 Factors for Estimating Conse
- Page 672 and 673:
Several credible consequence scenar
- Page 674 and 675:
d) Consequence Phase 4—Toxic Rele
- Page 676 and 677:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 678 and 679:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 680 and 681:
Contents 12 Risk Determination, Ass
- Page 682 and 683:
12.2 Determination of Risk 风 险
- Page 684 and 685:
It is important to understand this
- Page 686 and 687:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 688 and 689:
The example in Figure 5 serves to i
- Page 690 and 691:
Figure 6—Example of Calculating t
- Page 692 and 693:
EXAMPLE: An equipment item containi
- Page 694 and 695:
NOTE The overall risk must include
- Page 696 and 697:
12.2.2 Calculate Risk 计 算 风
- Page 698 and 699:
Probability of the associated conse
- Page 700 and 701:
Cost-benefit analysis is a powerful
- Page 702 and 703:
Typically: Consequence information
- Page 704 and 705:
12.4 Sensitivity Analysis 敏 感
- Page 706 and 707:
12.5 Assumptions 假 定 Assumption
- Page 708 and 709:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 710 and 711:
12.6.2 Risk Matrix 风 险 矩 阵
- Page 712 and 713:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 714 and 715:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 716 and 717:
Figure 7—Example Risk Matrix Usin
- Page 718 and 719:
12.6.4 Using a Risk Plot or Matrix
- Page 720 and 721:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 722 and 723:
Reduction of some risks to a lower
- Page 724 and 725:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 726 and 727:
ALARP Suite of Guidance With these
- Page 728 and 729:
c) Consequence Mitigation - Can act
- Page 730 and 731:
Contents 13 Risk Management with In
- Page 732 and 733:
Mitigation (repair, replacement, ch
- Page 734 and 735:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 736 and 737:
The foregoing does not imply that r
- Page 738 and 739:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 740 and 741:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang h
- Page 742 and 743:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang S
- Page 744 and 745:
Risk mitigation (by the reduction i
- Page 746 and 747:
e) accessibility to expected damage
- Page 748 and 749:
accessibility to expected damage ar
- Page 750 and 751:
accessibility to expected damage ar
- Page 752 and 753:
accessibility to expected damage ar
- Page 754 and 755:
accessibility to expected damage ar
- Page 756 and 757:
POF 为 风 险 关 键 因 素 :
- Page 758 and 759:
Depending on factors such as the re
- Page 760 and 761:
corrosion rates wellestablished wit
- Page 762 and 763:
检 验 工 艺 的 限 制 或 可
- Page 764 and 765:
13.3 Establishing an Inspection Str
- Page 766 and 767:
Organizations should be deliberate
- Page 768 and 769:
13.4 Managing Risk with Inspection
- Page 770 and 771:
c) Tools and Techniques - The selec
- Page 772 and 773:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 774 and 775:
e) Internal, On-stream, or External
- Page 776 and 777:
13.5 Managing Inspection Costs with
- Page 778 and 779:
Another opportunity for managing in
- Page 780 and 781:
13.6 Assessing Inspection Results a
- Page 782 and 783:
Reducing Uncertainty Assessing Insp
- Page 784 and 785:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 786 and 787:
UW-51 (b) Degree of Radiographic Ex
- Page 788 and 789:
UW-52 (c) Degree of RT Unacceptable
- Page 790 and 791:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 792 and 793:
13.7 Achieving Lowest Life Cycle Co
- Page 794 and 795:
) RBI can be used to assess the eff
- Page 796 and 797:
Contents 14.1 General 14.2 Equipmen
- Page 798 and 799:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 800 and 801:
14.2 Equipment Replacement and Repa
- Page 802 and 803:
14.3 Evaluating Flaws for Fitness-F
- Page 804 and 805:
14.5 Emergency Isolation 紧 急
- Page 806 and 807:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 808 and 809:
Mitigation of the sources of corros
- Page 810 and 811:
14.9 Reduce Inventory 减 少 库
- Page 812 and 813:
14.12 Blast-resistant Construction
- Page 814 and 815:
l) emergency evacuation; 紧 急
- Page 816 and 817:
Contents 15 Reassessment and Updati
- Page 818 and 819:
15.2 Why Conduct an RBI Reassessmen
- Page 820 and 821:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 822 and 823:
15.2.2 Damage Mechanisms and Inspec
- Page 824 and 825:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang I
- Page 826 and 827:
15.2.3 Process and Hardware Changes
- Page 828 and 829:
Process changes API 580 Charlie Cho
- Page 830 and 831:
Hardware changes can also have an e
- Page 832 and 833:
15.2.4 RBI Assessment Premise Chang
- Page 834 and 835:
15.2.5 The Effect of Mitigation Str
- Page 836 and 837:
15.3 When to Conduct an RBI Reasses
- Page 838 and 839:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 840 and 841:
15.3.3 After Implementation of Risk
- Page 842 and 843:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 844 and 845:
Contents 16 Roles, Responsibilities
- Page 856 and 857:
16.1 Team Approach 团 队 的 方
- Page 858 and 859:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 860 and 861:
16.2.2 Team Leader 团 队 领 导
- Page 862 and 863:
c) preparing a report on the RBI as
- Page 864 and 865:
团 队 领 导 API 580 Charlie Cho
- Page 868 and 869:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 871 and 872:
16.2.4 Corrosion Specialist 腐 蚀
- Page 873:
腐 蚀 专 家 API 580 Charlie Cho
- Page 877 and 878:
工 艺 师 API 580 Charlie Chong/
- Page 879 and 880:
操 作 和 维 护 人 员 API 580
- Page 881 and 882:
管 理 层 API 580 Charlie Chong/
- Page 883 and 884:
f) manually calculating the measure
- Page 885 and 886:
16.2.9 Environmental and Safety Per
- Page 887 and 888:
16.2.10 Financial/Business Personne
- Page 889 and 890:
16.3 Training and Qualifications fo
- Page 891 and 892:
培 训 和 资 格 API 580 Charlie
- Page 893 and 894:
培 训 和 资 格 API 580 Charlie
- Page 895 and 896:
Contents 17 RBI Documentation and R
- Page 897 and 898:
17.1 General 总 则 It is importan
- Page 899 and 900:
Ideally, sufficient data should be
- Page 901 and 902:
If a specific software program is u
- Page 903 and 904:
17.4 Time Frame 时 段 The level o
- Page 905 and 906:
17.5 Basis for the Assignment of Ri
- Page 907 and 908:
17.6 Assumptions Made to Assess Ris
- Page 909 and 910:
17.8 Mitigation and Follow-up 缓
- Page 911 and 912:
The methodology, process and person
- Page 913 and 914:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 915 and 916:
Contents 18 Summary of RBI Pitfalls
- Page 917 and 918:
18.2 Planning 规 划 • Not defin
- Page 919 and 920:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang N
- Page 921 and 922:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 923 and 924:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 925 and 926:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 927 and 928:
• Not adequately dealing with the
- Page 929 and 930:
incidents/events/outcomes of a fail
- Page 931 and 932:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 933 and 934:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 935 and 936:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 937 and 938:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 939 and 940:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 941 and 942:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang A
- Page 943 and 944:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
- Page 945 and 946:
API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang