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Risk-Based Inspection Downstream Se
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基 于 风 险 的 检 验 - 下
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang R
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Foreword
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API 580 旨 在 补 充 API 510, AP
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5 Basic Risk Assessment Concepts 5.
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10 Assessing Probability of Failure
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13 Risk Management with Inspection
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15 Reassessment and Updating RBI As
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Figures 1 Management of Risk Using
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Introduction This recommended pract
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RBI is synonymous 同 义 with •
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Contents 1 Purpose 1.1 General 1.2
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It provides guidance to (1) owners,
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RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 : The e
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The RBI process 能 够 产 生 的
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任 何 其 他 风 险 缓 解 活
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RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 (1) 所
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RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 (2) 每
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RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 (2) 每
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RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 (2) 每
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RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 3) 任
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RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 3) 任
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RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 3) 任
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RBI 过 程 预 期 成 果 3) 任
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1.2 RBI Benefits and Limitations
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RBI Benefits and Limitations
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a) an acceptance/understanding of t
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a) an acceptance/understanding of t
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The RBI plans also identify equipme
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RBI is based on sound, proven risk
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inadequate designs or faulty equipm
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not effectively executing the plans
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lack of sound engineering or operat
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RBI should serve to guide the direc
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proven inspection technologies that
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综 合 管 理 工 具 配 合 其
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Contents 2 Scope 2.1 Industry Scope
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this RP is specifically targeted at
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2.2 Flexibility in Application 灵
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2.3 Mechanical Integrity Focused Th
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RBI 补 足 HAZOP/PHA/RCM 作 为
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2.4 Equipment Covered 覆 盖 设
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Process Piping- Pipe and piping com
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Storage Tanks- Atmospheric and pres
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Boilers and Heaters - Pressurized c
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2.5 Equipment Not Covered 不 覆
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虽 然 主 要 观 众 为 负 责
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3 Normative References API 580 Char
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Societies/Organizations: 1. ASME In
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• AICHE 2, Dow’s Fire and Explo
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Contents 4 Terms, Definitions, Acro
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1.2 RBI Benefits and Limitations
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4.1.4 components 组 成 整 件
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4.1.9 damage (or deterioration) mod
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4.1.14 event 事 件 Occurrence of
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4.1.18 Failure ……………… 1
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For RBI, the failure of concern is
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4.1.22 hazard and operability study
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4.1.26 management of change MOC 变
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4.1.29 process unit 工 艺 设 备
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Reformer PFD Facility →Process un
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Facility →Process units → Syste
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4.1.30 qualitative risk analysis
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定 性 风 险 分 析 的 结 果
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4.1.31 quantitative risk analysis Q
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4.1.35 Risk 风 险 - 事 件 的
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4.1.37 risk analysis 风 险 分
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concerns of stakeholders? API 580 C
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concerns of stakeholders? API 580 C
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concerns of stakeholders? API 580 C
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concerns of stakeholders? Himba wom
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concerns of stakeholders? API 580 C
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4.1.41 risk communication 风 险
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isk criteria 风 险 标 准 Terms
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4.1.48 risk mitigation 风 险 缓
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4.1.53 System 系 统 A collection
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4.1.55 toxic chemical 有 毒 化
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4.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations ACC
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5 Basic Risk Assessment Concepts AP
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5.1 What is Risk? 什 么 是 风
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For example, in driving a car, peop
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Risk is the combination of the prob
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5.3 The Evolution of Inspection Int
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With advances in inspection approac
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RBI represents the next generation
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5.4 Overview of Risk Analysis 风
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e) determine credible failure mode
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Data → Damage Mechanism→ Damage
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A point is reached where additional
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typical inspection program Upper cu
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RBI Inspection lower risks can be a
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残 余 风 险 API 580 Charlie Cho
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5.6 Relative Risk vs Absolute Risk
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API 580 RBI RBI is focused on a sys
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6.1 Key Elements of an RBI Program
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6.2 Consequence and Probability for
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Combining the probability of one or
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Traditionally, organizations have f
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The RBI procedure can be applied qu
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所 选 择 的 方 法 可 以 在
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Qualitative Approach-This approach
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QRA uses logic models depicting com
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QRA logic models generally consist
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The traditional QRA is generally co
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The QRA typically involves a much m
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Typically, most of the data used in
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When performing risk analysis acros
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6.4 Precision vs Accuracy 精 度
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Risk presented as a precise numeric
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Therefore, it may be beneficial to
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Quantitative analysis uses logic mo
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Process variables that should be co
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Since risk is dynamic (i.e. changes
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Those changes might include such th
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The objective of RBI is to direct m
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The POF due to such deterioration i
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For those equipment items where ins
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6.6.3 Evaluation and Fitness-For-Se
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6.6.4 Other Risk Management 其 他
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The relationship between RBI and se
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6.7.2 PHA A Process Hazard Analysis
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6.7.3 PSM Process Safety Management
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6.7.4 Equipment Reliability 设 备
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Those benefits can include: a) appl
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7 Planning the RBI Assessment 评
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7.1 Getting Started 开 始 This se
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At the conclusion of the planning p
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7.2 Establishing Objectives and Goa
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7.2.3 Define Risk Criteria 定 义
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7.2.6 Meet Safety and Environmental
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e) removal of unnecessary insulatio
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The RBI assessment may identify ris
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New Project Risk Assessment API 580
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New Project Risk Assessment API 580
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New Project Risk Assessment API 580
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7.2.9 Facilities End of Life Strate
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Typically, RBI is done on multiple
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Facility-Plant API 580 Charlie Chon
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process units API 580 Charlie Chong
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System - CS Vessel 230psig, 230ºC
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7.3.3 Facilities Screening 设 备
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石 油 和 天 然 气 加 工 和
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石 化 和 化 工 厂 API 580 Cha
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液 化 天 然 气 工 厂 API 580
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facility level API 580 Charlie Chon
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设 施 水 平 需 要 回 答 的
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(3) 是 否 有 足 够 的 资 源
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7.3.4 Process Units Screening 工
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Process Units API 580 Charlie Chong
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以 设 备 细 分 为 系 统 - C
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以 冶 金 细 分 为 系 统 - C
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Catalytic Reforming 催 化 转 化
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When a process unit is identified f
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Selection of equipment types to be
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7.3.7 Utilities, Emergency and Off-
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The operating conditions, including
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7.4.3 Normal, Upset, and Cyclic Ope
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The following data should be provid
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7.4.4 Operating Time Period 操 作
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A strategy should be developed, mat
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7.6 Estimating Resources and Time R
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8 Data and Information Collection f
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Contents 8 Data and Information Col
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收 集 的 数 据 作 为 评 估
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Documentation of unique equipment a
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• 不 同 的 评 估 方 法 需
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8.2.1 Data Needs for Qualitative RB
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通 常 , 使 用 范 围 广 泛
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8.2.3 Data Needs for Semi-quantitat
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Another potential source of scatter
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8.4 Codes and Standards—National
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8.5 Sources of Site-specific Data a
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Potential sources of specific infor
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d) MOC records; 设 备 变 动 管
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seismic activity records API 580 Ch
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9 Damage Mechanisms and Failure Mod
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9.1.1 Identification of Damage Mech
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) Considering the materials, method
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d) It is often possible to have two
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Understanding equipment operation a
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9.3 Failure Modes 失 效 模 式 O
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9.4 Accumulated Damage 累 积 损
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c) a ranking of credible failure mo
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10.1 Introduction to Probability An
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The probability of specific consequ
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The probability of specific consequ
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Guidance on determining the probabi
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weather extremes API 580 Charlie Ch
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operator error API 580 Charlie Chon
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sabotage API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fio
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sabotage http://en.wikipedia.org/wi
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For a qualitative analysis, the POF
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Two examples of this are listed in
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10.3 Types of Probability Analysis
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Another approach is used when inacc
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10.4 Determination of POF 确 定
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Analyzing the effect of in-service
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Probability of Failure POF Damage T
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For many damage mechanisms, the rat
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equipment complexity, 设 备 的
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process and metallurgical variation
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inaccessibility for inspection, 难
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the inspector’s expertise 检 查
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恶 化 率 信 息 的 来 源 包
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f) the phase of the fluid (liquid,
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10.4.3 Determine Failure Mode 确
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a) pitting generally leads to small
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a) pitting generally leads to small
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) stress corrosion cracking can dev
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c) metallurgical deterioration and
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d) general thinning from corrosion
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d) general thinning from corrosion
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f) Deterioration rate under some ex
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10.4.5 Calculate the POF by Deterio
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11 Assessing Consequences of Failur
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11.1 Introduction to Consequence An
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对 环 境 的 影 响 API 580 Cha
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安 全 和 健 康 的 影 响 /
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安 全 和 健 康 的 影 响 /
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安 全 和 健 康 的 影 响 /
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POF Managed by Inspector & Inspecti
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More or less complex and detailed m
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11.1.3 Other Functional Failures Al
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These other functional failures are
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11.2 Types of Consequence Analysis
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11.2.3 Quantitative Consequences An
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• failure mode and resulting leak
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评 估 故 障 结 果 的 一 些
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11.3.3 Cost 费 用 , 价 值 Cost
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The above list is reasonably compre
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Cost generally requires fairly deta
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11.3.4 Affected Area 受 影 响
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11.3.5 Environmental Damage 环 境
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11.3.6 Categorizing Safety, Health,
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11.3.7 Other Considerations 其 他
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In some cases, the volume released
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The cost of the lost fluid may be c
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11.5.6 Production (Business Interru
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The flammable events consequence is
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Boiling liquid expanding vapor expl
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Flammable Events (Fire and Explosio
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此 风 险 评 估 通 常 着 重
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11.5.4 Releases of Other Hazardous
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Liquid releases may result in conta
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The consequences of environmental d
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泄 漏 位 置 地 形 和 可 达
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泄 漏 位 置 地 形 和 可 达
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The fine component cost will depend
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The selection of a specific method
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More rigorous methods for estimatin
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Site specific circumstances should
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11.5.7 Maintenance and Reconstructi
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Flammable Events (Fire and Explosio
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Consequence cost: Unscheduled Repai
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Consequence cost: Equipment replace
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Repair of small damage cost equipme
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The steps are as follows: 释 放
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Figure 5—Determination of COF API
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用 来 估 算 后 果 的 因 素
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The following shows how a consequen
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11.6.3 Factors for More Rigorous Me
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12 Risk Determination, Assessment a
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12.1 Purpose 目 的 This section d
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For example, after a loss of contai
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Personnel inexperienced in risk ass
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Figure 5—Determination of COF
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EXAMPLE: An equipment item containi
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Typically, there will be other cred
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If probability and consequence are
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12.3 Risk Management Decisions and
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12.3.2 Using Risk Assessment in Ins
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It often is worthwhile to gather ad
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在 缺 乏 可 信 的 输 入 值
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12.6 Risk Presentation 风 险 表
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Risk categories may be assigned to
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Probability of the associated conse
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12.6.3 Risk Plots 风 险 绘 图 W
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Line of constant risk - acceptable
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Risk may be described in terms of d
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12.7 Establishing Acceptable Risk T
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- Page 825 and 826: 很 多 损 伤 机 理 带 来 的
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Process changes API 580 Charlie Cho
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Process changes API 580 Charlie Cho
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang t
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RBI Assessment Premise Change Chang
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http://www.stoprust.com/23-risk-bas
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15.3.1 After Significant Changes
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15.3.2 After a Set Time Period 时
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15.3.4 Before and After Maintenance
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16 Roles, Responsibilities, Trainin
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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16.2 Team Members, Roles, and Respo
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a) formation of the team and verify
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团 队 领 导 API 580 Charlie Cho
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16.2.3 Equipment Inspector or Inspe
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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腐 蚀 专 家 职 责 : • 评
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16.2.5 Process Specialist 工 艺
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16.2.6 Operations and Maintenance P
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16.2.7 Management 管 理 层 Manag
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16.2.8 Risk Analyst 风 险 分 析
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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16.3.2 Other Team Members 其 他
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培 训 和 资 格 API 580 Charlie
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17 RBI Documentation and Record kee
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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f) assumptions made during the asse
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17.2 RBI Methodology 方 法 学 Th
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17.3 RBI Personnel 评 估 人 员
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Failure occurred Probability of Fai
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d) anticipated failure mode(s) (e.g
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17.7 Risk Assessment Results 风
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The methodology, process and person
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17.9 Applicable Codes, Standards, a
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18 Summary of Risk- Based Inspectio
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18.1 General 总 则 The following
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期 望 RBI 带 来 不 实 际 的
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18.3 Data and Information Collectio
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18.4 Damage Mechanisms and Failure
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18.5 Assessing POF 评 估 故 障
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18.6 Assessing COF 评 估 故 障
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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18.7 Risk Determination, Assessment
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18.8 Risk Management with Inspectio
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18.9 Other Risk Management Activiti
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18.10 Reassessment and Updating RBI
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18.11 Roles, Responsibilities, Trai
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18.12 RBI Documentation and Record
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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API 580 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang