Socio-Economic Impact of HIV and AIDS in Tamil nadu

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Tamil Nadu has been identified as one of the six high-HIV prevalence states The state is also one of the educationally advanced states in the country. According to the 2001 Census, the literacy rate among the population aged seven and above was 73 percent compared with 65 percent for India as a whole. Although female literacy has grown more rapidly than male literacy during 1971-2001, the female literacy rate continues to be lower than male literacy levels in the state. However, the gap between male and female literacy rates in the state is smaller than the gap for all of India. T h e r e h a s b e e n a t r e m e n d o u s improvement in the performance of the state measured by some of the health indicators. The life expectancy at birth rate (2001-2006) is higher than all India levels, while the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) (2002) is lower than all India levels. The birth rate and death rate (2002) are also lesser than all India levels. In fact the natural growth rate of 10.7 per 1,000 of the population was the lowest among the major states in India. 1.2 HIV and AIDS scenario in Tamil Nadu the Christian Medical College Hospital at Vellore, and Mumbai in Maharashtra recorded these. This was possible because of the HIV Surveillance System initiated by the government through the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). This initiative was taken a few months before it was detected, following reports about AIDS in the west. Tamil Nadu has been identified as one of the six high HIV prevalence states (more than 1 percent of antenatal mothers and 5 percent STD patients were detected HIVpositive) as per the state wise prevalence of HIV in 2005. It can however be seen from Table 1.1 given below that the rates in ANC clinics have come down to 0.50 for Tamil Nadu in 2005. According to the monthly update on AIDS from NACO, out of the total 1,11,608 AIDS cases detected in the country till 31st July 2005, Tamil Nadu accounts for 52,036 cases, which makes it 46.6 percent of the total number. The district-wise break-up of the cases for the period upto December 2004, which accounts for 48,180 of the cases is given in Table 1.2 below. The first HIV infection and AIDS cases in India were detected in Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra in 1986. The Madras Medical College Hospital at Chennai, States Table 1.1 HIV prevalence rates for highprevalence states – 2005 STD clinics ANC clinics Andhra Pradesh 22.8 2.0 Karnataka 13.6 1.25 Maharashtra 10.4 1.25 Tamil Nadu 9.2 0.50 Manipur 12.2 1.25 Nagaland 3.5 1.63 The maximum number of AIDS cases have been reported from the state capital itself. The other districts which have reported large number of AIDS cases are Namakkal, Salem, Vellore, Dindigul, Trichy etc. A heterosexual promiscuous lifestyle is the main source of HIV infection as seen from Table 1.3 below. For more than 90 percent of the cases, the heterosexual route has been reported as the mode of transmission of the virus. AIDS awareness and control have received special attention in the state since the first case of HIV in the country was reported here in 1986. A state-level AIDS Control Society was formed in 4 Socio-Economic Impact of HIV and AIDS in Tamil Nadu, India
Table 1.2 Number of AIDS cases in Tamil Nadu reported upto December 2004 S. No. Name of district Upto the month Male Female Total 1 Chennai 7,581 2,737 10,318 2 Thiruvallur 964 397 1,361 3 Kanchipuram 695 236 931 4 Vellore 1,616 716 2,332 5 Thiruvannamalai 913 361 1,274 6 Vilupuram 1,433 618 2,051 7 Cuddalore 1,277 540 1,817 8 Dharmapuri 1,035 397 1,432 9 Krishnagiri 65 47 112 10 Salem 1,715 677 2,392 11 Namakkal 1,801 650 2,451 12 Erode 1,249 437 1,686 13 Coimbatore 553 178 731 14 The Nilgiris 22 12 34 15 Perambalur 691 338 1,029 16 Trichy 1,561 580 2,141 17 Karur 561 251 812 18 Pudukottai 304 142 446 19 Thanjavur 681 364 1,045 20 Thiruvarur 148 50 198 21 Nagapattinam 151 55 206 22 Dindigul 1,497 671 2,168 23 Madurai 1,522 689 2,211 24 Theni 332 99 431 25 Sivagangai 172 65 237 26 Virudhunagar 145 40 185 27 Ramanathapuram 80 41 121 28 Thirunelveli 345 105 450 29 Thoothukudi 294 103 397 30 Kanyakumari 48 13 61 31 Addresses not known 274 41 315 32 Other States 4,295 2,510 6,805 Total 34,020 14,160 48,180 * Source: AIDS Cases Surveillance Report, Tamil Nadu State AIDS Control Society 1994, the first of its kind. The STD/ HIV/ AIDS Preventive Measures in the state are bolstered by the AIDS Prevention and Control Project (APAC) promoted by the Government of India, the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Voluntary Health Services (VHS), Chennai. The objective Introduction 5
Page 1: Socio-Economic IMPACT of HIV and AI
Page 4 and 5: © United Nations Development Progr
Page 6 and 7: Acknowledgements This report would
Page 8 and 9: CHAPTER 6 Impact of HIV and AIDS on
Page 10 and 11: Table 5.2 Average per capita per mo
Page 12 and 13: Table 8.2 Distribution of sample PL
Page 14 and 15: Executive Summary Introduction AIDS
Page 16 and 17: The work force participation rate r
Page 18 and 19: In the HIV households, both the rat
Page 20 and 21: discrimination. This discrimination
Page 22 and 23: 2 Socio-Economic Impact of HIV and
Page 26 and 27: Table 1.3 Source of infection in Ta
Page 28 and 29: interviewed for the study. A detail
Page 34 and 35: Household selections were made with
Page 36 and 37: In o rd e r t o s e l e c t t h e n
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 3 Profile of Sample Househo
Page 43 and 44: Table 3.3 Distribution of sample ho
Page 45 and 46: households use firewood. Liquified
Page 47: Table 3.7 Current and the past occu
Page 52 and 53: Table 4.1 Distribution of sample ho
Page 54 and 55: income class, it is seen that while
Page 56 and 57: That the impact of the epidemic is
Page 58 and 59: Table 4.6 Change in job due to HIV
Page 60 and 61: Table 4.9 The situation with respec
Page 62 and 63: Most of the loss in income has been
Page 64 and 65: Occupational category Table 4.13 Lo
Page 66 and 67: 4.6 Observations The prevalence of
Page 70 and 71: lesser than that of non-HIV househo
Page 72 and 73: Table 5.3 ...(Contd.) HIV household
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Table 5.4 ..... (Contd.) HIV househ
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Table 5.5 Distribution of consumpti
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Table 5.6 Distribution of consumpti
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While the non-HIV households are po
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Table 5.7 .... (Contd.) HIV househo
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Table 5.8. .... (Contd.) HIV househ
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Table 5.10 Distribution of savers a
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households is, however, the highest
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growth of CPI in 2004-05 over 1999-
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the expenditure of households that
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While the burden of illness is bein
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76 Socio-Economic Impact of HIV and
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impact is measured not only by aski
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Annual household income (Rs) Age 6-
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The percentage of girls from HIV ho
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In both HIV and non-HIV households,
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Impact of HIV and AIDS on Health
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Chapter 7 Impact of HIV and AIDS on
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7.1.2 Prevalence rates of illnesses
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7.2 Details about nonhospitalised i
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Again, it is seen that fever remain
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Table 7.9 Distribution of non-hospi
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Table 7.12 Frequency of hospitalisa
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It is seen that both in rural and u
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Table 7.18 Distribution of hospital
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Stigma and Discrimination, Knowledg
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Chapter 8 Stigma and Discrimination
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8.3 Reaction to HIV status 8.3.1 In
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from counsellors helped them to com
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provide supportive environment for
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minimal risk of contracting the inf
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Table 8.10 Distribution of responde
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Table 8.12 Distribution of responde
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to mingle with children belonging t
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Conclusion and Policy Implications
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Chapter 9 Conclusion and Policy Imp
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also reluctant to divulge their sta
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Annexures Conclusion and Policy Imp
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Annexures Annexure I Summary of foc
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Discrimination at workplace Many of
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that now. One of the participants w
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Annexure II Box 1 Case study 1: Tam
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Box 2 Case Study 2: From riches to
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United Nations Development Programm
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Socio-Economic Impact of HIV and AIDS in Tamil nadu

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