Socio-Economic Impact of HIV and AIDS in Tamil nadu

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Table 5.8. .... (Contd.) HIV households (in Rupees) Item Rural Upto Rs. 20,000 20,001- 30,000 30,001- 41,000 41,001- 84,000 84,001- 1,30,000 Cereals 844 1,214 1,224 1,573 2,514 1,158 Pulses 175 216 222 210 418 203 Other food 2,179 3,174 3,150 4,226 7,001 3,043 Total food 3,198 4,603 4,596 6,009 9,933 4,404 Fuel and light 370 531 699 867 1,689 577 House rent 181 366 939 465 300 372 Clothing & footwear 357 402 493 615 585 441 Durables 35 231 187 248 605 153 Education of children 154 161 724 885 235 374 Medical 745 1,176 1,461 1,584 1,980 1,124 Other non-food 1,380 1,951 2,622 3,704 7,784 2,279 Total 6,421 9,423 11,719 14,378 23,111 9,724 Number of persons 356 177 97 165 20 815 Urban Cereals 658 984 1,016 1,469 2,067 1,253 Pulses 169 208 251 287 357 257 Other food 1,748 3,176 3,121 4,445 6,235 3,780 Total food 2,575 4,369 4,388 6,201 8,660 5,290 Fuel and light 365 722 995 1,360 2,556 1,188 House rent 519 961 1,255 2,315 4,794 1,951 Clothing & footwear 234 362 400 664 1,173 566 Durables 38 81 49 250 546 193 Education of children 132 177 260 519 814 394 Medical 546 847 509 759 2,159 890 Other non-food 1,035 2,228 2,140 4,090 12,545 4,119 Total 5,444 9,748 9,996 16,159 33,247 14,591 Number of persons 133 104 120 247 101 705 All Cereals 794 1,129 1,109 1,511 2,141 1,202 Pulses 174 213 238 256 367 228 Other food 2,061 3,175 3,134 4,357 6,362 3,385 Total food 3,029 4,517 4,481 6,124 8,870 4,815 Fuel and light 369 602 862 1,163 2,413 860 House rent 273 587 1,114 1,574 4,051 1,104 Clothing & footwear 323 387 441 645 1,076 499 Durables 36 176 110 249 556 172 Education of children 148 167 467 666 718 383 Medical 691 1,054 935 1,089 2,130 1,016 Other non-food 1,286 2,054 2,356 3,935 11,758 3,132 Total 6,155 9,543 10,766 15,446 31,572 11,981 Number of persons 489 281 217 412 121 1,520 Total 64 Socio-Economic Impact of HIV and AIDS in Tamil Nadu, India
Table 5.9 Average household savings by place of residence (in Rupees) Non-HIV households HIV households Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Cash/bank deposit 1,116.62 2,308.18 1,664.36 1,004.93 -279.14 419.27 Jewellery 1,147.06 1,204.48 1,173.45 -1,639.24 -482.89 -1,111.83 Agricultural land -236.92 113.92 -75.64 -681.61 -251.34 -485.37 Assets (house/plot) 303.08 86.62 203.57 -250.22 -82.89 -173.90 Financial (shares etc) 1,041.47 1,742.34 1,363.65 419.06 92.51 270.12 Total 3,371.30 5,455.54 4,329.39 -1,147.09 -1,003.74 -1,081.71 have a very small positive saving under financial assets, that is, shares etc. The fact that most of the positive savings of HIV households are in the form of cash/bank deposits indicates that they are concerned about the expenditure they might be called on to incur at any time. This may be a reason for shifting from fixed assets into more liquid assets. This movement away from fixed assets to relatively liquid assets has important long-term implications for the household as it implies a loss of wealth and hence lower capacity to deal with exogenous shocks in the future. The percentage of households that have negative savings is only about 3.3 percent in case of non-HIV households, whereas it is very high at 34 percent in the case of HIV households (Table 5.10). In keeping with this, the share of negative savers in income is 3.49 percent in non-HIV households while it is nearly 30 percent in HIV households. While about 53 percent of the non-HIV households are zero savers, this percentage in HIV households is about 45 percent. Because of this, while 43 percent of non-HIV households are positive savers, only 21 percent are positive savers in HIV households. No urban-rural divide is seen either in non-HIV households or HIV households among the different categories of savers. The difference in the saving pattern of HIV households and non-households shows that the long-term consequences of HIV and AIDS on total and household savings can be disastrous. The impact on savings at macro-level may yet become visible in the Indian scenario, given the fact that the proportion of households affected by HIV is still quite low although in absolute terms the number is very high. However, if the epidemic grows at the same alarming rate, as has been the case in many African countries, then the impact on savings would become visible even at the macro level. While it is not possible to assess from this survey, with any reasonable degree of accuracy, what the impact of the epidemic is on savings, at present, or what it would be in the future, the indications are that the impact on savings would be very significant. The main determinant of savings is the income of the household. All the income classes in the non-HIV households have a positive rate of savings although the rate is very small. The rate of savings has also increased with the increase in income. In the HIV households, the three lower classes of income have negative rates of savings. While in the lowest class The movement away from fixed assets to relatively liquid assets has important longterm implications for the household Impact on the Level and Pattern of Consumption and Savings of the Households 65
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Socio-Economic IMPACT of HIV and AI
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© United Nations Development Progr
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Acknowledgements This report would
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CHAPTER 6 Impact of HIV and AIDS on
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Table 5.2 Average per capita per mo
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Table 8.2 Distribution of sample PL
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Executive Summary Introduction AIDS
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The work force participation rate r
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In the HIV households, both the rat
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discrimination. This discrimination
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2 Socio-Economic Impact of HIV and
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Tamil Nadu has been identified as o
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Table 1.3 Source of infection in Ta
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interviewed for the study. A detail
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Page 34 and 35: Household selections were made with
Page 36 and 37: In o rd e r t o s e l e c t t h e n
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Page 41 and 42: Chapter 3 Profile of Sample Househo
Page 43 and 44: Table 3.3 Distribution of sample ho
Page 45 and 46: households use firewood. Liquified
Page 47: Table 3.7 Current and the past occu
Page 52 and 53: Table 4.1 Distribution of sample ho
Page 54 and 55: income class, it is seen that while
Page 56 and 57: That the impact of the epidemic is
Page 58 and 59: Table 4.6 Change in job due to HIV
Page 60 and 61: Table 4.9 The situation with respec
Page 62 and 63: Most of the loss in income has been
Page 64 and 65: Occupational category Table 4.13 Lo
Page 66 and 67: 4.6 Observations The prevalence of
Page 70 and 71: lesser than that of non-HIV househo
Page 72 and 73: Table 5.3 ...(Contd.) HIV household
Page 74 and 75: Table 5.4 ..... (Contd.) HIV househ
Page 76 and 77: Table 5.5 Distribution of consumpti
Page 78 and 79: Table 5.6 Distribution of consumpti
Page 80 and 81: While the non-HIV households are po
Page 82 and 83: Table 5.7 .... (Contd.) HIV househo
Page 86 and 87: Table 5.10 Distribution of savers a
Page 88 and 89: households is, however, the highest
Page 90 and 91: growth of CPI in 2004-05 over 1999-
Page 92 and 93: the expenditure of households that
Page 94 and 95: While the burden of illness is bein
Page 98 and 99: impact is measured not only by aski
Page 100 and 101: Annual household income (Rs) Age 6-
Page 102 and 103: The percentage of girls from HIV ho
Page 104 and 105: In both HIV and non-HIV households,
Page 107 and 108: Impact of HIV and AIDS on Health
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 7 Impact of HIV and AIDS on
Page 111 and 112: 7.1.2 Prevalence rates of illnesses
Page 113 and 114: 7.2 Details about nonhospitalised i
Page 115 and 116: Again, it is seen that fever remain
Page 117 and 118: Table 7.9 Distribution of non-hospi
Page 119 and 120: Table 7.12 Frequency of hospitalisa
Page 121 and 122: It is seen that both in rural and u
Page 123 and 124: Table 7.18 Distribution of hospital
Page 125 and 126: Stigma and Discrimination, Knowledg
Page 127 and 128: Chapter 8 Stigma and Discrimination
Page 129 and 130: 8.3 Reaction to HIV status 8.3.1 In
Page 131 and 132: from counsellors helped them to com
Page 133 and 134: provide supportive environment for
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minimal risk of contracting the inf
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Table 8.10 Distribution of responde
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Table 8.12 Distribution of responde
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to mingle with children belonging t
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Conclusion and Policy Implications
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Chapter 9 Conclusion and Policy Imp
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also reluctant to divulge their sta
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Annexures Conclusion and Policy Imp
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Annexures Annexure I Summary of foc
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Discrimination at workplace Many of
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that now. One of the participants w
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Annexure II Box 1 Case study 1: Tam
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Box 2 Case Study 2: From riches to
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United Nations Development Programm
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Socio-Economic Impact of HIV and AIDS in Tamil nadu

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