Socio-Economic Impact of HIV and AIDS in Tamil nadu

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the expenditure of households that are below poverty line in HIV households is less than that of the corresponding group in non-HIV households in spite of the fact that the household size is smaller in HIV households. Within their expenditure, they have to allocate a heavy sum for medical expenses. This would imply that although all HIV households bear the financial burden of the disease, the poor among them are the worst sufferers. Tables 5.17 and 5.18 give the income poverty and consumption poverty in the sample by occupational groups for non- HIV households and HIV households. 5.5 Observations The major difference in consumption expenditure of non-HIV households and HIV households is that the medical expenses of HIV households are much higher than that of non-HIV households, more than two times the per capita medical expenses of non-HIV households. This is because households have to cope with the medical expenses related to Table 5.17 Income poverty in the sample group by occupational categories Non-HIV households Occupation Poverty head count ratio No. of poor persons No. of poor households Annual per capita expenditure of poor All Cultivation 0.00 0 0 0 Agri. wage labour 14.23 20 106 4,459.16 Non-agricultural wage 15.14 47 208 6,145.27 Self-employed nonagriculture 9.41 16 73 5,577.37 Salaried 5.68 14 62 6,537.26 Others 7.55 7 36 5,568.94 Total 9.82 104 485 5,698.61 HIV households Occupation Poverty head count ratio No. of poor persons No. of poor households Annual per capita expenditure of poor All Cultivation 16.67 18 5 5,759 Agri. wage labour 50.00 115 27 5,661 Non-agricultural wage 20.19 86 22 5,272 Self-employed nonagriculture 21.93 41 9 5,620 Salaried 15.77 41 9 6,126 Others 50.49 156 35 5,471 Total 30.07 457 107 5,565 72 Socio-Economic Impact of HIV and AIDS in Tamil Nadu, India
Table 5.18 Consumption poverty in the sample group by occupational categories Non-HIV households Occupation All Poverty head count ratio No. of poor persons No. of poor households Annual per capita expenditure of poor Cultivation 2.53 2 12 3,773 Agri. wage labour 11.81 16 88 4,112 Non-agricultural wage 12.52 39 172 5,441 Self-employed non-agriculture 8.51 14 66 5,267 Salaried 3.39 8 37 5,212 Others 8.39 8 40 5,594 Total 8.41 87 415 5,078 HIV households Occupation All Poverty head count ratio No. of poor persons No. of poor households Annual per capita expenditure of poor Cultivation 8.33 9 2 3,994 Agri. wage labour 16.52 38 9 3,388 Non-agricultural wage 14.32 61 15 4,060 Self-employed nonagriculture 16.04 30 7 4,576 Salaried 9.62 25 5 4,224 Others 27.83 86 19 3,339 Total 16.38 249 57 3,785 the epidemic on their own rather than through support from the government. These households need much greater support from the government in terms of access and affordability of medical care. It is also seen that HIV households are spending much larger amounts on house rent than non-HIV households. Many of them may have been forced to sell off their houses in order to pay for medical attention or to cope with loss of income due to absence from work or loss of employment. Special attention has to be directed to the HIV households who have to reallocate consumption expenditure to medical expenses out of a lower level of consumption expenditure, mainly by reducing food expenditure. In order to meet the heavy burden of medical expenditure, the HIV households are undercutting the expenditure on other items and one of the sectors being affected is that of education which may later have repercussions on the household income. The results also show that not only are the average and per capita savings of HIV households lower than that of non-HIV households for lower income groups, but Impact on the Level and Pattern of Consumption and Savings of the Households 73
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Socio-Economic IMPACT of HIV and AI
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© United Nations Development Progr
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Acknowledgements This report would
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CHAPTER 6 Impact of HIV and AIDS on
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Table 5.2 Average per capita per mo
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Table 8.2 Distribution of sample PL
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Executive Summary Introduction AIDS
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The work force participation rate r
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In the HIV households, both the rat
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discrimination. This discrimination
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2 Socio-Economic Impact of HIV and
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Tamil Nadu has been identified as o
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Table 1.3 Source of infection in Ta
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interviewed for the study. A detail
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Household selections were made with
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In o rd e r t o s e l e c t t h e n
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Page 41 and 42: Chapter 3 Profile of Sample Househo
Page 43 and 44: Table 3.3 Distribution of sample ho
Page 45 and 46: households use firewood. Liquified
Page 47: Table 3.7 Current and the past occu
Page 50 and 51: 30 Socio-Economic Impact of HIV and
Page 52 and 53: Table 4.1 Distribution of sample ho
Page 54 and 55: income class, it is seen that while
Page 56 and 57: That the impact of the epidemic is
Page 58 and 59: Table 4.6 Change in job due to HIV
Page 60 and 61: Table 4.9 The situation with respec
Page 62 and 63: Most of the loss in income has been
Page 64 and 65: Occupational category Table 4.13 Lo
Page 66 and 67: 4.6 Observations The prevalence of
Page 70 and 71: lesser than that of non-HIV househo
Page 72 and 73: Table 5.3 ...(Contd.) HIV household
Page 74 and 75: Table 5.4 ..... (Contd.) HIV househ
Page 76 and 77: Table 5.5 Distribution of consumpti
Page 78 and 79: Table 5.6 Distribution of consumpti
Page 80 and 81: While the non-HIV households are po
Page 82 and 83: Table 5.7 .... (Contd.) HIV househo
Page 84 and 85: Table 5.8. .... (Contd.) HIV househ
Page 86 and 87: Table 5.10 Distribution of savers a
Page 88 and 89: households is, however, the highest
Page 90 and 91: growth of CPI in 2004-05 over 1999-
Page 94 and 95: While the burden of illness is bein
Page 98 and 99: impact is measured not only by aski
Page 100 and 101: Annual household income (Rs) Age 6-
Page 102 and 103: The percentage of girls from HIV ho
Page 104 and 105: In both HIV and non-HIV households,
Page 107 and 108: Impact of HIV and AIDS on Health
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 7 Impact of HIV and AIDS on
Page 111 and 112: 7.1.2 Prevalence rates of illnesses
Page 113 and 114: 7.2 Details about nonhospitalised i
Page 115 and 116: Again, it is seen that fever remain
Page 117 and 118: Table 7.9 Distribution of non-hospi
Page 119 and 120: Table 7.12 Frequency of hospitalisa
Page 121 and 122: It is seen that both in rural and u
Page 123 and 124: Table 7.18 Distribution of hospital
Page 125 and 126: Stigma and Discrimination, Knowledg
Page 127 and 128: Chapter 8 Stigma and Discrimination
Page 129 and 130: 8.3 Reaction to HIV status 8.3.1 In
Page 131 and 132: from counsellors helped them to com
Page 133 and 134: provide supportive environment for
Page 135 and 136: minimal risk of contracting the inf
Page 137 and 138: Table 8.10 Distribution of responde
Page 139 and 140: Table 8.12 Distribution of responde
Page 141 and 142: to mingle with children belonging t
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Conclusion and Policy Implications
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Chapter 9 Conclusion and Policy Imp
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also reluctant to divulge their sta
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Annexures Conclusion and Policy Imp
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Annexures Annexure I Summary of foc
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Discrimination at workplace Many of
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that now. One of the participants w
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Annexure II Box 1 Case study 1: Tam
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Box 2 Case Study 2: From riches to
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United Nations Development Programm
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