the challenges facing landlocked developing countries: a case study ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Nassibli, N. (2000). "Azerbaijan's Geopolitics and Oil Pipeline Issue." Journal of International Affairs 4(4). Oil & Gas International (2001). Contested Caspian waters causing Azeri-Irani conflict. Oil and Gas International. 7/27/2001. Sharifov, A. (2002). "The Transport of the Black Sea Region- II Black Sea Transport Conference." International Transport Journal: January 2002. Sheets, L. (2002). Leaders hail forging of new "Silk Road". Middle East Times. Spector, R. (2002). The North - South Transport Corridor. Central Asia Caucasus Analyst. 3 July 2002. TACIS - TRACECA (2002). Technical Assistance to the Southern Republics of the CIS and Geogia. Brussels, TACIS- TRACECA Project. TED (1997). The New Silk Road: Boon or Boondoggle?, Trade and Environment Database, http://www.american.edu/TED/silkroad.htm. TRACECA (2002). Caucasian Road Sector feasibility Study For The Rehabilitatiion And Reconstruction Of The Road Link Between Baku, Tsilibisi And Yereva, Transport Corridor Europe Caucasus Asia, http://www.traceca.org/rep/tarep/26sr/26sr1.pdf. UNESCAP (2002). Azerbaijan-related links in Transport and Tourism, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific: Transport and Tourism Division, http://www.unescap.org/tctd/azerbaijan.htm. US DOE EIA (2002). Azerbaijan: Country Briefs, US Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, http://www.marcon.com/main/marcon_st1.cfm?Archive=403&StoryID=221. Washington Times (2002). As bright future beckons, Azerail seeks foreign investors, Washington Times, http://www.internationalspecialreports.com/ciscentralasia/01/azerbaijan/asbrightfuture.html. Washington Times (2002). Azerbaijan Road Transport at the Cross Roads of Europe and Asia, Washington Times, http://www.internationalspecialreports.com/ciscentralasia/01/azerbaijan/azerbaijanroad.html. Washington Times (2002). Regional stability a concern, but Azerbaijan oil hunters press on, Washington Times, http://www.internationalspecialreports.com/ciscentralasia/01/azerbaijan/regionalstability.htm l. - 157 -
World Audit (2001). World Democracy Audit - Corruption Rankings, World Audit, http://www.worldaudit.org/corruption.htm. World Bank (2000). Armenia and Azerbaijan Post Conflict Transport Study. Washington, World Bank. World Bank (2001). Project Appraisal Document on a Proposed Credit in the amount of SDR 31.5 Million (US$40.0 Million Equivalent) to the Azerbaijan Republic for a Highway Project. Washington, World Bank Infrastructure Sector Unit, Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan Country Unit Europe and Central Asian Region. 21888-AZ. World Bank (2002). Trade, Transport and Telecommunications in the South Caucasus: Current Obstacles to Regional Cooperation. Washington, World Bank. - 158 -
Page 1 and 2:
THE CHALLENGES FACING LANDLOCKED DE
Page 3 and 4:
to link to global markets. In doing
Page 5 and 6:
TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page 7 and 8:
PART 1: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
Page 9 and 10:
First, landlocked countries are dep
Page 11 and 12:
together a wide variety of sources,
Page 13 and 14:
infrastructure. In these cases the
Page 15 and 16:
1.2.3. VULNERABILITY TO CIVIL CONFL
Page 17 and 18:
the Central African Republic - Came
Page 19 and 20:
1.3 INDICATORS OF DEVELOPMENT 1.3.1
Page 21 and 22:
• The southern African landlocked
Page 23 and 24:
PART 2: COUNTRY CASE STUDIES - 18 -
Page 25 and 26:
Internal transport networks in the
Page 27 and 28:
Ports Although Botswana’s geograp
Page 29 and 30:
POLITICAL RELATIONS Lesotho’s int
Page 31 and 32:
elatively better quality than most
Page 33 and 34:
SWAZILAND Despite being landlocked,
Page 35 and 36:
ZAMBIA While Zambia shares its bord
Page 37 and 38:
Relations with South Africa have be
Page 39 and 40:
Zimbabwe’s extensive rail network
Page 41 and 42:
TRANSIT ROUTES OF ETHIOPIA The land
Page 43 and 44:
UGANDA Uganda’s location allows i
Page 45 and 46:
POLITICAL RELATIONS The formation o
Page 47 and 48:
section on Uganda. The Central Corr
Page 49 and 50:
BURUNDI In addition to lying over 1
Page 51 and 52:
In 1996, after Major Pierre Buyoya
Page 53 and 54:
Recognizing the dramatic effects th
Page 55 and 56:
AFRICA - WESTERN TRANSIT ROUTES OF
Page 57 and 58:
of transit. In fact, the landlocked
Page 59 and 60:
only hindering normal road traffic
Page 61 and 62:
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC With only
Page 63 and 64:
Relations with the eastern neighbor
Page 65 and 66:
TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE Road While
Page 67 and 68:
MALI Upon declaring independence in
Page 69 and 70:
Finally, and most importantly for M
Page 71 and 72:
TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE Road
Page 73 and 74:
ASIA - CENTRAL TRANSIT ROUTES OF CE
Page 75 and 76:
TRANSIT ROUTES OF MONGOLIA As part
Page 77 and 78:
AFGHANISTAN Two decades of war, har
Page 79 and 80:
Afghanistan, the first by an Irania
Page 81 and 82:
Iran, Pakistan and Turkey constrain
Page 83 and 84:
KYRGYZSTAN Over 3600 km from the ne
Page 85 and 86:
POLITICAL RELATIONS Generally recog
Page 87 and 88:
The country’s two major highways,
Page 89 and 90:
TURKMENISTAN With direct access to
Page 91 and 92:
Ports and Waterways Turkmenistan ha
Page 93 and 94:
Domestic transport is hampered by t
Page 95 and 96:
MOLDOVA Although the former Soviet
Page 97 and 98:
MONGOLIA As the landlocked country
Page 99 and 100:
CAUCASUS TRANSIT ROUTES OF THE CAUC
Page 101 and 102:
ARMENIA While Armenia’s central g
Page 103 and 104:
With the closure of the Turkish and
Page 105 and 106:
worse (World Bank 2000). In fact, w
Page 107 and 108:
ASIA - SOUTH & SOUTH-EAST TRANSIT R
Page 109 and 110:
With the exception of western Afric
Page 111 and 112: and exports pass through the port p
Page 113 and 114: Khai (at the Thai-Laos border) to t
Page 115 and 116: NEPAL Due to the Himalayan range to
Page 117 and 118: More recently, India delayed the au
Page 119 and 120: links to the railways of Argentina,
Page 121 and 122: developing the nation’s road infr
Page 123 and 124: PARAGUAY Dependent primarily on tra
Page 125 and 126: BOPS Break Bulk CAN CAR CEEAC/ECCAS
Page 127 and 128: GENERAL ADB (2002). Annual Report 2
Page 129 and 130: United Nations General Assembly (20
Page 131 and 132: BOTSWANA CountryWatch (2003). Botsw
Page 133 and 134: EIU (2002). Malawi Country Profile
Page 135 and 136: ZAMBIA Chikoti, V. (?). Overview of
Page 137 and 138: AFRICA - CENTRAL AND EASTERN BURUND
Page 139 and 140: EIU (2002). Ethiopia Country Report
Page 141 and 142: Mutumba-Lule, A. (2001). 17 Firms V
Page 143 and 144: - 138 -
Page 145 and 146: Jean-Bertin, O. (2002). Burkina Fas
Page 147 and 148: Evlo, K. (1995). Transit Transport
Page 149 and 150: ASIA - CENTRAL United Nations (1994
Page 151 and 152: UNESCAP (2002). Afghanistan: Status
Page 153 and 154: EIU (2001). Railways in Kyrgyz Repu
Page 155 and 156: Spiegel Online (2002). Moldawien, S
Page 157 and 158: USDA FSA (2002). Tajikistan Shippin
Page 159 and 160: CAUCASUS ARMENIA Armenia Foreign Mi
Page 161: World Bank (2000). Project Appraisa
Page 165 and 166: MONGOLIA Canning, D. (1998). A Data
Page 167 and 168: WDI (2002). World Development Indic
Page 169 and 170: UN DHA (1997). Paraguay El Niño Fl
Page 171 and 172: Map 1
Page 173 and 174: Table 2: Human Development - Rankin
Page 175 and 176: Table 4: Exports per Capita (2000 c
Page 177 and 178: Figure 1: Human Development Indicat
show all

the challenges facing landlocked developing countries: a case study ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?