the challenges facing landlocked developing countries: a case study ...

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Nassibli, N. (2000). "Azerbaijan's Geopolitics and Oil Pipeline Issue." Journal of International Affairs 4(4). Oil & Gas International (2001). Contested Caspian waters causing Azeri-Irani conflict. Oil and Gas International. 7/27/2001. Sharifov, A. (2002). "The Transport of the Black Sea Region- II Black Sea Transport Conference." International Transport Journal: January 2002. Sheets, L. (2002). Leaders hail forging of new "Silk Road". Middle East Times. Spector, R. (2002). The North - South Transport Corridor. Central Asia Caucasus Analyst. 3 July 2002. TACIS - TRACECA (2002). Technical Assistance to the Southern Republics of the CIS and Geogia. Brussels, TACIS- TRACECA Project. TED (1997). The New Silk Road: Boon or Boondoggle?, Trade and Environment Database, http://www.american.edu/TED/silkroad.htm. TRACECA (2002). Caucasian Road Sector feasibility Study For The Rehabilitatiion And Reconstruction Of The Road Link Between Baku, Tsilibisi And Yereva, Transport Corridor Europe Caucasus Asia, http://www.traceca.org/rep/tarep/26sr/26sr1.pdf. UNESCAP (2002). Azerbaijan-related links in Transport and Tourism, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific: Transport and Tourism Division, http://www.unescap.org/tctd/azerbaijan.htm. US DOE EIA (2002). Azerbaijan: Country Briefs, US Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, http://www.marcon.com/main/marcon_st1.cfm?Archive=403&StoryID=221. Washington Times (2002). As bright future beckons, Azerail seeks foreign investors, Washington Times, http://www.internationalspecialreports.com/ciscentralasia/01/azerbaijan/asbrightfuture.html. Washington Times (2002). Azerbaijan Road Transport at the Cross Roads of Europe and Asia, Washington Times, http://www.internationalspecialreports.com/ciscentralasia/01/azerbaijan/azerbaijanroad.html. Washington Times (2002). Regional stability a concern, but Azerbaijan oil hunters press on, Washington Times, http://www.internationalspecialreports.com/ciscentralasia/01/azerbaijan/regionalstability.htm l. - 157 -
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THE CHALLENGES FACING LANDLOCKED DE
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to link to global markets. In doing
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TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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PART 1: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
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First, landlocked countries are dep
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together a wide variety of sources,
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infrastructure. In these cases the
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1.2.3. VULNERABILITY TO CIVIL CONFL
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the Central African Republic - Came
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1.3 INDICATORS OF DEVELOPMENT 1.3.1
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• The southern African landlocked
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PART 2: COUNTRY CASE STUDIES - 18 -
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Internal transport networks in the
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Ports Although Botswana’s geograp
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POLITICAL RELATIONS Lesotho’s int
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elatively better quality than most
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SWAZILAND Despite being landlocked,
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ZAMBIA While Zambia shares its bord
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Relations with South Africa have be
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Zimbabwe’s extensive rail network
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TRANSIT ROUTES OF ETHIOPIA The land
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UGANDA Uganda’s location allows i
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POLITICAL RELATIONS The formation o
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section on Uganda. The Central Corr
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BURUNDI In addition to lying over 1
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In 1996, after Major Pierre Buyoya
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Recognizing the dramatic effects th
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AFRICA - WESTERN TRANSIT ROUTES OF
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of transit. In fact, the landlocked
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only hindering normal road traffic
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CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC With only
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Relations with the eastern neighbor
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TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE Road While
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MALI Upon declaring independence in
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Finally, and most importantly for M
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TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE Road
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ASIA - CENTRAL TRANSIT ROUTES OF CE
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TRANSIT ROUTES OF MONGOLIA As part
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AFGHANISTAN Two decades of war, har
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Afghanistan, the first by an Irania
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Iran, Pakistan and Turkey constrain
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KYRGYZSTAN Over 3600 km from the ne
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POLITICAL RELATIONS Generally recog
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The country’s two major highways,
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TURKMENISTAN With direct access to
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Ports and Waterways Turkmenistan ha
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Domestic transport is hampered by t
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MOLDOVA Although the former Soviet
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MONGOLIA As the landlocked country
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CAUCASUS TRANSIT ROUTES OF THE CAUC
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ARMENIA While Armenia’s central g
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With the closure of the Turkish and
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worse (World Bank 2000). In fact, w
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ASIA - SOUTH & SOUTH-EAST TRANSIT R
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With the exception of western Afric
Page 111 and 112: and exports pass through the port p
Page 113 and 114: Khai (at the Thai-Laos border) to t
Page 115 and 116: NEPAL Due to the Himalayan range to
Page 117 and 118: More recently, India delayed the au
Page 119 and 120: links to the railways of Argentina,
Page 121 and 122: developing the nation’s road infr
Page 123 and 124: PARAGUAY Dependent primarily on tra
Page 125 and 126: BOPS Break Bulk CAN CAR CEEAC/ECCAS
Page 127 and 128: GENERAL ADB (2002). Annual Report 2
Page 129 and 130: United Nations General Assembly (20
Page 131 and 132: BOTSWANA CountryWatch (2003). Botsw
Page 133 and 134: EIU (2002). Malawi Country Profile
Page 135 and 136: ZAMBIA Chikoti, V. (?). Overview of
Page 137 and 138: AFRICA - CENTRAL AND EASTERN BURUND
Page 139 and 140: EIU (2002). Ethiopia Country Report
Page 141 and 142: Mutumba-Lule, A. (2001). 17 Firms V
Page 143 and 144: - 138 -
Page 145 and 146: Jean-Bertin, O. (2002). Burkina Fas
Page 147 and 148: Evlo, K. (1995). Transit Transport
Page 149 and 150: ASIA - CENTRAL United Nations (1994
Page 151 and 152: UNESCAP (2002). Afghanistan: Status
Page 153 and 154: EIU (2001). Railways in Kyrgyz Repu
Page 155 and 156: Spiegel Online (2002). Moldawien, S
Page 157 and 158: USDA FSA (2002). Tajikistan Shippin
Page 159 and 160: CAUCASUS ARMENIA Armenia Foreign Mi
Page 161: World Bank (2000). Project Appraisa
Page 165 and 166: MONGOLIA Canning, D. (1998). A Data
Page 167 and 168: WDI (2002). World Development Indic
Page 169 and 170: UN DHA (1997). Paraguay El Niño Fl
Page 171 and 172: Map 1
Page 173 and 174: Table 2: Human Development - Rankin
Page 175 and 176: Table 4: Exports per Capita (2000 c
Page 177 and 178: Figure 1: Human Development Indicat
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