"Легкоатлетического вестника ИААФ" 4-2009 - Московский ...

Средние и длинные дистанции
schools athletics, changes in the training of grass
roots athletes following the running boom of the
1980s and a reduction in the exchange of ideas
between coaches are among the ideas explored.
Turning to ways to address the situation, he examines
the approach of rising star Mohammed (Mo)
Farah (GBR) and examples of best practice from the
USA, where a resurgence in the level of performance
has included medals in both men’s and women’s
marathons at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens.
Chisolm, D.
Australian men’s 800m: 40 year old record
Modern Athlete and Coach, 46 (2008), 3, pp. 28-30
The Australian men’s 800m record of 1:44.4 held by
Ralph Doubell has stood since his 1968 Olympic gold
medal run. Doubell’s outstanding run was performed
under high altitude conditions in Mexico City, however,
science suggests that at such altitude the 800m
gains no advantage with the second lap neutralising
any advantage gained by the first lap, i. e. the athlete
runs into oxygen debt earlier at altitude than at sea
level. The Australian record and equal world record in
1968 of 1:44.4 has only been approached by Peter
Bourke’s great 1:44.78 in winning the Commonwealth
Games 800m in Brisbane in 1982. Brendan
Hannigan is the third-ranked Australian with 1:45.03
recorded when placing 3rd at Leffeerante in 1994.
Currently, Australia has no 800m runners within one
second of Doubell’s 1968 time, with Renshaw at
1:45.79. According to the author, this situation is
caused by four factors: 1. Lack of tradition in the
800m run; 2. the lack of a critical mass in the 400m;
3. a lack of truly fast 1500m runners; 4. a lack of
800m runners with real strength and endurance. The
author suggests that Australia’s 800m runners of the
past two to three generations and to the present,
haven’t don’t or won’t, do the long, hard aerobic
work that is necessary in order to run two laps at 52
seconds or slightly faster pace. Being possessed of
46/47 low speed is not enough; the athlete must
reach the 400m approximately 50 seconds “money
in the bank”, the 600m very close to 1:16, and come
home in 27 plus to run 1:44 or better.
Pate, R. R.; O’Neill, J. R.
American women in the marathon
Sports Medicine, 37, (2007), 4/5, pp. 294-298
American women have made great advances in the
sport of marathon running over the past four
decades. The purpose of this study was to examine
the trend of marathon times among American
female runners between 1976 and 2005, and to
compare physiological characteristics of male and
female runners. The best marathon times of American
female and male marathon runners for each
year (1976-2005) were collected from several published
sources. Two research studies were reviewed
that examined a variety of physiological variables of
female and male elite distance runners. While the
best marathon times of American men have
remained fairly constant in recent decades
(?2:10:00), the best times of American women have
decreased dramatically from 2:47:10 in 1976 to
2:21:25 in 2005, a decrease of 15.6% over the 30-
year period. The physiological characteristics of elite
American female marathon runners differ from those
of elite male marathon runners (e.g. maximal oxygen
uptake = 67.1 ± 4.2 mL/kg/min vs 74.1 ± 2.6
mL/ kg/min). These differences are comparable with
the differences seen in marathon performance. Over
the past 30 years, participation by women in
marathon running has grown dramatically and during
that same period the marathon performances of
women have improved at a remarkable rate.
6 Psychological aspects of distance
running
Buman, M. P.; Omli, J. W.; Giacobbi, P. R.;
Brewer, B. W.
Experiences and coping responses of “hitting
the wall” for recreational marathon runners
Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 20, (2008), 3, pp.
282-300
Стр 129
Little attention has been given to how endurance
sport athletes cope with periods of extreme physical
duress. This study explored behavioural and
psychological characteristics and coping
responses associated with “hitting the Wall”
(HTW) using inductive grounded theory analytic
procedures (Charmaz, 2000). Marathon runners
(N = 57; M age = 41.79 yrs) were recruited from
two online marathon list serves with members
who are experienced, recreational marathon runners.
Characteristics and coping responses of
HTW included many physiological and psychological
descriptors that led to race-related physical
coping efforts (e.g., supplementation/hydration),
emotion-focused coping (e.g., social support),
and cognitive strategies (e.g., willpower, mental
reframing). Extreme physical duress during
endurance sport performance may provide an
ideal context in which to study coping responses
to physiological stress. Findings point toward the
need to develop effective interventions that rely on
multiple coping strategies in response to extreme
physical challenges.
Raglin, J.
The psychology of the marathoner
Sports Medicine, 37, (2007), 4/5, pp. 404-407
The unique physiological attributes of marathoners
have long been recognised, but until the pioneering
research of Morgan and Pollock (1977) little was
known about their psychological characteristics.
Their work revealed marathoners have significantly
better mental health compared with non-athletes,
with desirable mental health variables being most
pronounced in elite competitors. It was also found
that during competition, elite marathoners typically
utilise a unique cognitive strategy labelled ‘association’,
whereby they regulate pace based upon bodily
sensations including pain and effort. More recent
research indicates there are considerable individual
differences in the psychological responses of
marathoners to the stressors associated with training
and competition, and in some cases negative
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