Agricultural Drought Indices - US Department of Agriculture

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Droughts in the Segura River Basin In the search for drought indicators, the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) was evaluated in the Segura River Basin for the last 65 years (Figure 6). Figure 6. SPI in the Segura River Basin. The SPI shows several droughts in the basin. Some of them are quite severe, like the last one, which has lasted for 4 years. Indicators of the Segura River Basin Drought Action Plan Drought Indicator Assessment The Segura River Basin indicator has two parts: the first one dealing with the resources in the basin (basin subsystem) and the second one dealing with the water transfer system (water transfer subsystem). The indicator is intended to reproduce water deficit. Water released from reservoirs is closely linked with demands and it is a good way to assess deficits. Several factors were taken into account when selecting the most suitable parameters to create the indicator. The graph below includes factors time series together with the water released time series. As shown in Figure 7, runoff is the most similar factor to the water released from reservoirs time series. Figure 7. Indicator parameters. Time series of hydrological variables of the global system. 7
Drought Indicator Expression After the assessment process, the resulting indicators were: -Basin subsystem: -Water transfer subsystem: -Global indicator Ve = 0,66*Runoff(annual)+0,33*water in reservoirs Ve = 0,33*Runoff(annual)+0,66*water in E+B reservoirs Ve = a*Ve(basin)+b*Ve(water-transfer) a, b depend on water rights given in each Sub-system (a=0,48; b=0,52) Once the indicator is established, an associated index is assessed (monthly) as follows: Index (Ie) varies between 0.5 and 1 when Ve>Vmed, and between 0 and 0.5 when assessed Ve>Vmed, as shown in Figure 8. Figure 8. Drought index assessment. Drought Severity Four levels of severity are defined according to the drought index value (Figure 9). Figure 9. Drought severity and drought index evolution. Updated information can be found at https://www.chsegura.es/chs_en/cuenca/sequias/gestion/index.html. Measures of the Segura River Basin Drought Action Plan Several types of measures have been defined: • Forecast, administrative, and management measures. • Operative measures, such as: o Measures to provide additional water resources (measures to enhance supply, i.e., increase water resources). o Measures to reduce demands significantly (measures aimed at managing the demands). • Monitoring and recovery measures. 8
Page 1 and 2: Agricultural Drought Indices Procee
Page 3 and 4: © World Meteorological Organizatio
Page 5 and 6: Agricultural Drought Indices Procee
Page 7 and 8: Preface With the world population p
Page 9 and 10: Segura River Basin: Spanish Pilot R
Page 11 and 12: Table 3. Segura River Basin resourc
Page 13: Figure 5. Segura River Basin water
Page 17 and 18: Table 5. Analysis of drought impact
Page 19 and 20: Even with this drought action plan
Page 21 and 22: that complicates water management b
Page 23 and 24: Understanding the nature of the haz
Page 25 and 26: Figure 2. U.S. Drought Monitor for
Page 27 and 28: Summary Drought is a creeping pheno
Page 29 and 30: Agricultural Drought—WMO Perspect
Page 31 and 32: c) CAgM-VI (Washington, USA, 1974)
Page 33 and 34: an unusually large moisture demand.
Page 35 and 36: the-clock nature of WIGOS, the anal
Page 37 and 38: and temporal variations in drought
Page 39 and 40: Support to Regional Institutions WM
Page 41 and 42: Williams, M.A.J. and R.C. Balling,
Page 43 and 44: The day after Black Sunday, an Asso
Page 45 and 46: Meteorological research at these in
Page 47 and 48: United States is sent to the Secret
Page 49 and 50: Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI
Page 51 and 52: PDSI as an operational index since
Page 53 and 54: WAOB, GIS has become an important t
Page 55 and 56: USDM as the official criteria for F
Page 57 and 58: Monitoring Drought Risks in India w
Page 59 and 60: areas recording large incidences of
Page 61 and 62: The analysis revealed that out of 1
Page 63 and 64: Figure 3. Aridity anomaly chart of
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Figure 5. Progression of surface we
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Agricultural Drought Indices in Cur
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Meteorological and Agricultural Dro
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Palmer Drought Severity Index Adapt
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Accumulated WD and WS April 2010 Ac
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Soil Water Storage (SWS) September
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hydrological characteristics, and c
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Agricultural Drought Indices in Cur
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application of drought indices has
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The Value of Crop and Pasture Simul
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To assist, many agriculturally-spec
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change in Australia. The PDSI provi
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Mpelasoka, F.S., M.A. Collier, R. S
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supply and demand are fully taken i
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In Germany, the Deutsche Wetterdien
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creation of a system of European su
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The second index is extracted from
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Figure 7. Standardized Soil Water I
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References Durand, Y., E. Brun, L.
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Europe around the Iberian Peninsula
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The incoming rainwater and the atmo
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Figure 6. Example of SPI map for a
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The 1991-95 Drought Episode A long-
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adverse climatic impacts on agricul
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Agricultural Drought Indices in the
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efers to deficiencies in surface an
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Figure 5. Time series of standardiz
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Limitations of Agricultural Drought
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Incorporating a Composite Approach
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Figure 3. Daily gridded SPI by regi
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The North American Drought Monitor:
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process (a) emulates natural cycles
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Summary Given the complexity that d
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alance models cannot be applied for
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60 50 40 Error 30 20 Systematic Err
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In Figure 4, examples of the normal
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Figure 7. Water balance for Brazil,
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The soil water balance module in th
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Water Balance as a Tool for Agricul
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Conclusions The topics discussed pr
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Use of Crop Models for Drought Anal
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The parameters used in crop simulat
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a model for cassava and potato (Tsu
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ackground. The system’s most impo
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management. In research, however, p
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Smajstrla, A.G. 1990. Technical Man
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Monitoring Regional Drought Conditi
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Figure 2 represents the regression
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Conclusions and Discussion Several
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Experiences During the Drought Peri
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During the years 2007 and 2008, for
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Figure 6. Management simulation mod
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Figure 9. Irrigation diversions in
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References Andreu, J., Ferrer Polo,
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Table 2. MERIS spectral bands MDS N
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Figure 6. Spanish NSDIE during 2008
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References Gu, Y., J. F. Brown, J.
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Agricultural Drought Indices: Summa
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Table 1. Agricultural drought indic
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Accumulated Rainfall Deficits In an
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Heim (2002) notes that as recently
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each calendar day in the base perio
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The purpose of the climatic charact
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to compare moisture conditions at d
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Table 6. Overview of different drou
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have been adopted because of the av
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TCI = 100 (T max - T) / (T max - T
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Figure 1. The February 8, 2011, US
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8) There is a universal interest in
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Mavromatis, T. 2007. Drought index
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Agricultural Drought Indices Procee
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