Agricultural Drought Indices - US Department of Agriculture

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Proper citation is requested. Citation: Sivakumar, Mannava V.K., Raymond P. Motha, Donald A. Wilhite and Deborah A. Wood (Eds.). 2011. Agricultural Drought Indices. Proceedings of the WMO/UNISDR Expert Group Meeting on Agricultural Drought Indices, 2-4 June 2010, Murcia, Spain: Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization. AGM-11, WMO/TD No. 1572; WAOB-2011. 197 pp. About the Editors Mannava V.K. Sivakumar Director Climate Prediction and Adaptation Branch Climate and Water Department World Meteorological Organization 7bis, Avenue de la Paix 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Raymond P. Motha Chief Meteorologist World Agricultural Outlook Board Mail Stop 3812 United States Department of Agriculture Washington D.C., 20250-3812 USA Donald A. Wilhite Director and Professor School of Natural Resources 903 Hardin Hall 3310 Holdrege Street University of Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0989 USA Deborah A. Wood Publications Specialist National Drought Mitigation Center University of Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0989 USA iii
Agricultural Drought Indices Proceedings of a WMO Expert Meeting held in Murcia, Spain Table of Contents Preface ...................................................................................................................................... vi Agricultural Drought Indices—An Overview 1. Segura River Basin: Spanish Pilot River Basin Regarding Water Scarcity and Droughts M. A. Urrea Mallebrera, A. Mérida Abril, and S.G. García Galiano .................................... 2 2. Quantification of Agricultural Drought for Effective Drought Mitigation and Preparedness: Key Issues and Challenges Donald A. Wilhite .............................................................................................................. 13 3. Agricultural Drought—WMO Perspectives Mannava V.K. Sivakumar ................................................................................................. 22 4. Agricultural Drought: USDA Perspectives Raymond P. Motha .......................................................................................................... 35 Page Agricultural Drought Indices in Current Use in Selected Countries: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Limitations 5. Monitoring Drought Risks in India with Emphasis on Agricultural Drought Jayanta Sarkar ................................................................................................................. 50 6. Agricultural Drought Indices in Current Use in Brazil Paulo Cesar Sentelhas ..................................................................................................... 60 7. Agricultural Drought Indices in Current Use in Australia: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Limitations Roger C. Stone ................................................................................................................ 72 8. Agricultural Drought Indices in France and Europe: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Limitations Emmanuel Cloppet ........................................................................................................... 83 9. Drought Monitoring in Spain Antonio Mestre and Jose Luis Camacho .......................................................................... 95 10. Agricultural Drought Indices in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA) Countries P.A. Omondi ................................................................................................................... 106 iv
Page 1 and 2: Agricultural Drought Indices Procee
Page 3: © World Meteorological Organizatio
Page 7 and 8: Preface With the world population p
Page 9 and 10: Segura River Basin: Spanish Pilot R
Page 11 and 12: Table 3. Segura River Basin resourc
Page 13 and 14: Figure 5. Segura River Basin water
Page 15 and 16: Drought Indicator Expression After
Page 17 and 18: Table 5. Analysis of drought impact
Page 19 and 20: Even with this drought action plan
Page 21 and 22: that complicates water management b
Page 23 and 24: Understanding the nature of the haz
Page 25 and 26: Figure 2. U.S. Drought Monitor for
Page 27 and 28: Summary Drought is a creeping pheno
Page 29 and 30: Agricultural Drought—WMO Perspect
Page 31 and 32: c) CAgM-VI (Washington, USA, 1974)
Page 33 and 34: an unusually large moisture demand.
Page 35 and 36: the-clock nature of WIGOS, the anal
Page 37 and 38: and temporal variations in drought
Page 39 and 40: Support to Regional Institutions WM
Page 41 and 42: Williams, M.A.J. and R.C. Balling,
Page 43 and 44: The day after Black Sunday, an Asso
Page 45 and 46: Meteorological research at these in
Page 47 and 48: United States is sent to the Secret
Page 49 and 50: Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI
Page 51 and 52: PDSI as an operational index since
Page 53 and 54: WAOB, GIS has become an important t
Page 55 and 56:
USDM as the official criteria for F
Page 57 and 58:
Monitoring Drought Risks in India w
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areas recording large incidences of
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The analysis revealed that out of 1
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Figure 3. Aridity anomaly chart of
Page 65 and 66:
Figure 5. Progression of surface we
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Agricultural Drought Indices in Cur
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Meteorological and Agricultural Dro
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Palmer Drought Severity Index Adapt
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Accumulated WD and WS April 2010 Ac
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Soil Water Storage (SWS) September
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hydrological characteristics, and c
Page 79 and 80:
Agricultural Drought Indices in Cur
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application of drought indices has
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The Value of Crop and Pasture Simul
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To assist, many agriculturally-spec
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change in Australia. The PDSI provi
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Mpelasoka, F.S., M.A. Collier, R. S
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supply and demand are fully taken i
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In Germany, the Deutsche Wetterdien
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creation of a system of European su
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The second index is extracted from
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Figure 7. Standardized Soil Water I
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References Durand, Y., E. Brun, L.
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Europe around the Iberian Peninsula
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The incoming rainwater and the atmo
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Figure 6. Example of SPI map for a
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The 1991-95 Drought Episode A long-
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adverse climatic impacts on agricul
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Agricultural Drought Indices in the
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efers to deficiencies in surface an
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Figure 5. Time series of standardiz
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Limitations of Agricultural Drought
Page 121 and 122:
Incorporating a Composite Approach
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Figure 3. Daily gridded SPI by regi
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The North American Drought Monitor:
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process (a) emulates natural cycles
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Summary Given the complexity that d
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alance models cannot be applied for
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60 50 40 Error 30 20 Systematic Err
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In Figure 4, examples of the normal
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Figure 7. Water balance for Brazil,
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The soil water balance module in th
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Water Balance as a Tool for Agricul
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Conclusions The topics discussed pr
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Use of Crop Models for Drought Anal
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The parameters used in crop simulat
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a model for cassava and potato (Tsu
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ackground. The system’s most impo
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management. In research, however, p
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Smajstrla, A.G. 1990. Technical Man
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Monitoring Regional Drought Conditi
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Figure 2 represents the regression
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Conclusions and Discussion Several
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Experiences During the Drought Peri
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During the years 2007 and 2008, for
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Figure 6. Management simulation mod
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Figure 9. Irrigation diversions in
Page 171 and 172:
References Andreu, J., Ferrer Polo,
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Table 2. MERIS spectral bands MDS N
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Figure 6. Spanish NSDIE during 2008
Page 177 and 178:
References Gu, Y., J. F. Brown, J.
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Agricultural Drought Indices: Summa
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Table 1. Agricultural drought indic
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Accumulated Rainfall Deficits In an
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Heim (2002) notes that as recently
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each calendar day in the base perio
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The purpose of the climatic charact
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to compare moisture conditions at d
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Table 6. Overview of different drou
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have been adopted because of the av
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TCI = 100 (T max - T) / (T max - T
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Figure 1. The February 8, 2011, US
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8) There is a universal interest in
Page 203 and 204:
Mavromatis, T. 2007. Drought index
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Agricultural Drought Indices Procee
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Agricultural Drought Indices - US Department of Agriculture

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