<strong>Resistance</strong> to Regulation • 47 14. Anne F. MacLennan, “Cultur<strong>al</strong> Imperi<strong>al</strong>ism <strong>of</strong> the North? The Expansion <strong>of</strong> CBC’s Northern Service,” The <strong>Radio</strong> Journ<strong>al</strong>, Forthcom<strong>in</strong>g. 15. <strong>Canada</strong>, Dom<strong>in</strong>ion Bureau <strong>of</strong> Statistics, Gener<strong>al</strong> Statistics Branch, The <strong>Canada</strong> Year Book 1930, (Ottawa: K<strong>in</strong>g’s Pr<strong>in</strong>ter, 1930), 602. 16. “<strong>Radio</strong> Licence Worries,” The Montré<strong>al</strong> Gaz<strong>et</strong>te, April 14 1937, Nation<strong>al</strong> Archives <strong>of</strong> <strong>Canada</strong>, RG 12, vol. 557, file 1672-4, vol. 5. 17. “Pseudo-Vendors, <strong>Radio</strong> Licences Said Canvass<strong>in</strong>g,” Even<strong>in</strong>g Edition The Citizen Sa<strong>in</strong>t John, April 9, 1937, Nation<strong>al</strong> Archives <strong>of</strong> <strong>Canada</strong>, RG 12, vol. 557, file 1672-4, vol. 5. 18. “Are You Listen<strong>in</strong>g?” Toronto Star, February 16, 1937, Nation<strong>al</strong> Archives <strong>of</strong> <strong>Canada</strong>, RG 12, vol. 557, file 1672-4, vol. 5. 19. CBC Intern<strong>al</strong> Memo, “Compla<strong>in</strong>ts received regard<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>creased radio licence 3 fee,” March 19, 1938, Nation<strong>al</strong> Archives <strong>of</strong> <strong>Canada</strong>, RG 41, vol. 394, file 21-17 (pt. 2). 20. “Canadian Broadcast<strong>in</strong>g System — Or Is It?” Newspaper clipp<strong>in</strong>g, Nation<strong>al</strong> Archives <strong>of</strong> <strong>Canada</strong>, RG 41, vol. 394, file 21-17 (pt. 1). 21. Ibid. 22. Handwritten m<strong>in</strong>utes <strong>of</strong> the Steadfast Soci<strong>al</strong> Credit Group #901, F<strong>al</strong>con, Alberta, Nation<strong>al</strong> Archives <strong>of</strong> <strong>Canada</strong>, RG 41, vol. 394, file 21-17 (pt. 1). 23. Beyond the fees, radios themselves were not <strong>al</strong>ways accessible commodities. Prices for radios fluctuated <strong>in</strong> the 1920s and 1930s. In 1925 the average unit price was $46.95 (<strong>Canada</strong>, Department <strong>of</strong> Trade and Commerce, Dom<strong>in</strong>ion Bureau <strong>of</strong> Statistics, M<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g, M<strong>et</strong><strong>al</strong>lurgic<strong>al</strong> and Chemic<strong>al</strong> Branch, Manufactures <strong>of</strong> the Non-Ferrous M<strong>et</strong><strong>al</strong>s <strong>in</strong> <strong>Canada</strong> 1935 and 1936 (Ottawa: K<strong>in</strong>g’s Pr<strong>in</strong>ter, 1939), Table 111, 79). By 1930 the average price <strong>of</strong> radio was $112.87, keep<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>d that an average m<strong>al</strong>e worker’s yearly wages <strong>in</strong> 1931 were $927 (<strong>Canada</strong>, Department <strong>of</strong> Trade and Commerce, Dom<strong>in</strong>ion Bureau <strong>of</strong> Statistics, M<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g, M<strong>et</strong><strong>al</strong>lurgic<strong>al</strong> and Chemic<strong>al</strong> Branch, Manufactures <strong>of</strong> the Non-Ferrous M<strong>et</strong><strong>al</strong>s <strong>in</strong> <strong>Canada</strong> 1930-1932 (Ottawa: K<strong>in</strong>g’s Pr<strong>in</strong>ter, 1934), 62; <strong>Canada</strong>, Dom<strong>in</strong>ion Bureau <strong>of</strong> Statistics, Seventh Census <strong>of</strong> <strong>Canada</strong> Volume V (Ottawa: K<strong>in</strong>g’s Pr<strong>in</strong>ter, 1935), 2-3. The <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> price can be accounted for by the <strong>in</strong>troduction <strong>of</strong> larger and more ornate radios <strong>in</strong> cab<strong>in</strong><strong>et</strong>s. In 1931 tabl<strong>et</strong>op radios were <strong>in</strong>troduced so the average price fell to $63.61 (Manufactures <strong>of</strong> the Non-Ferrous M<strong>et</strong><strong>al</strong>s <strong>in</strong> <strong>Canada</strong> 1930-1932 (Ottawa: K<strong>in</strong>g’s Pr<strong>in</strong>ter, 1934), 62). Orig<strong>in</strong><strong>al</strong>ly, the average listeners and their less expensive radios were accommodated by regulations restrict<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>al</strong>location <strong>of</strong> frequencies to broadcasters, but the Canadian listeners themselves were as resistant to regulation as broadcasters. The f<strong>al</strong>l<strong>in</strong>g price <strong>of</strong> radio receivers and the availability <strong>of</strong> loc<strong>al</strong> stations were followed by the elim<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> <strong>al</strong>most <strong>al</strong>l shared frequencies <strong>in</strong> 1933. 24. <strong>Canada</strong>, Dom<strong>in</strong>ion Bureau <strong>of</strong> Statistics, Gener<strong>al</strong> Statistics Branch, The <strong>Canada</strong> Year Book 1930 (Ottawa: K<strong>in</strong>g’s Pr<strong>in</strong>ter, 1930), 602. 25. K. A. MacK<strong>in</strong>non, Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g Division, “A Report on the Interference from Mexican Stations on the 840, 910 and 960 Kc. Channels,” December 12, 1935, Nation<strong>al</strong> Archives <strong>of</strong> <strong>Canada</strong> MG 30, A42, vol. 25, file 143.
48 • islands <strong>of</strong> resistance 26. Gene Fowler and Bill Crawford, Border <strong>Radio</strong>: Quarks, Yodelers, Pitchmen, Psychics, and Other Amaz<strong>in</strong>g Broadcasters <strong>of</strong> the American Airwaves (Aust<strong>in</strong>: University <strong>of</strong> Texas Press, 2002), 22. 27. Ibid, 25-26. 28. Ibid, 26. 29. Ibid, vii-viii. 30. “Sensation<strong>al</strong> Disclosures <strong>of</strong> Illeg<strong>al</strong> <strong>Radio</strong> Send<strong>in</strong>g S<strong>et</strong>s Made <strong>in</strong> Montre<strong>al</strong>,” Quebec Chronicle Telegraph, March 29, Nation<strong>al</strong> Archives <strong>of</strong> <strong>Canada</strong>, RG 12, vol. 557, file 1672-4, vol. 5.