Sustainable Construction A Life Cycle Approach in Engineering

More documents

Recommendations

Info

plan. The aim of this kind of change is to be able to see the effect of changes of splaying angles on the auditoria. The decisions about the some design criteria are made according to the design requirements and also the examples of theatres. In most references 30 0 is defined as the limit of the splaying angle of the side walls, since, for the greater angles, the loss of early reflections and the loss of sightlines can became a problem, because of the width of the auditorium. In this context three fan-shaped auditoria with 15 0 , 22,5 0 and 30 0 splaying angles have designed to see the effect of the change of angles of same volume. In addition to these three auditoria with fan shape, a rectangular one is designed with the same volume, to make a comparison between the different forms that are used for the same purpose. And finally, to see the effect of balcony within the auditorium, a balcony added to four theatres (3 fan-shaped and 1 rectangular) while the volume is kept same. The designed cases and their geometrical features are described below. The cases are named according to their splaying angles and the existence of balcony in the room. STAGE setting area AUDITORIUM STAGE AUDITORIUM LONGITUDINAL SECTION PLAN FAN-SHAPE 15 Figure 1 Plan and longitudinal section of the Fan-Shaped Auditorium (F 15) – Splaying angle is 15 0 STAGE setting area AUDITORIUM STAGE AUDITORIUM LONGITUDINAL SECTION FAN-SHAPE 15 with balcony PLAN FAN-SHAPE 15 with balcony Figure 2 Plan and longitudinal section of the Fan-Shaped Auditorium with balcony (F15 B) – Splaying angle is 15 0 130
setting area STAGE AUDITORIUM AUDITORIUM STAGE LONGITUDINAL SECTION RECTANGLE PLAN RECTANGLE Figure 3 Rectangular Auditorium (REC) STAGE setting area AUDITORIUM AUDITORIUM STAGE LONGITUDINAL SECTION RECTANGLE with balcony PLAN RECTANGLE with balcony Figure 4 (R-B) Rectangular Auditorium with balcony Finishes of the Auditoria Basic acoustical principles are applied to case studies and selected surface materials are same for all types. The rear walls of the rooms and balcony fronts are designed as absorptive surfaces. Plaster and paint are selected for the side wall covering, to obtain some reflections. But rear pars of the side walls are designed as absorptive surfaces. Since the early reflections are very important for the rooms for speech, the ceiling reflectors are added. Source and Receiver Positions The number and location of the receiver points within the auditoria as well as the source numbers and locations on the stage are very important during the simulation process. The defined stage points (source positions) and seats (receiver positions) are used for both acoustical and visual evaluation process. Receivers are located in three main groups according to distance to the stage. In first group, receivers are in the fifth row, to simulate the situation of front rows. Receivers in the second group are placed in the 9 th or 10 th row depending on the total number of rows in the designed case to simulate the characteristics of middle rows. And the third group of receivers are located in the last row in the auditorium. For the cases with balcony, the first and the last rows in the balcony are chosen. 131
Page 3:
Sustainable Construction A Life Cyc
Page 6 and 7:
COST- the acronym for European COop
Page 9 and 10:
Foreword The COST Action C25 "Susta
Page 11 and 12:
Contents Sustainability of Construc
Page 13 and 14:
Sustainability of Constructions Int
Page 15 and 16:
1.4 Raising the level of Sustainabl
Page 17 and 18:
Sustainability of Construction Stru
Page 19 and 20:
WP9 WP10 ‣ Verification methods f
Page 21 and 22:
In the context of the Action a comp
Page 23 and 24:
ia. (“Politehnica” University o
Page 25:
- Introduction to the aims and obje
Page 29 and 30:
The Role of Environmental Assessmen
Page 31 and 32:
2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF BUILD
Page 33 and 34:
process is used to facilitate the e
Page 35 and 36:
With assistance of information tech
Page 37 and 38:
Building Sustainability Assessment:
Page 39 and 40:
• To improved reliability through
Page 41 and 42:
Table 2. Parameters declared in the
Page 43 and 44:
From the outputs of this building s
Page 45 and 46:
Green Building Design Guideline İ.
Page 47 and 48:
2.2.1. Solar shading Solar shading
Page 49 and 50:
Use state-of-the-art irrigation con
Page 51:
REFERENCES: Ayaz ,E. Mimarist perio
Page 55 and 56:
Structural, economic and environmen
Page 57 and 58:
Figure 1. Types and sources of data
Page 59 and 60:
espiratory inorganic substances and
Page 61 and 62:
Table 3. CML results, exact values
Page 63 and 64:
nario. That means, flows of the rec
Page 65 and 66:
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960
Page 67 and 68:
Alt. A Alt. B Figure 8. Alternative
Page 69:
ACKNOWLEDGMENT Authors from Technic
Page 72 and 73:
Load, kN The aim of this comparativ
Page 74 and 75:
On the basis of previous conclusion
Page 76 and 77:
Table 6. Inventory table per FU (1p
Page 78 and 79:
As the experiments have shown, comp
Page 80 and 81:
1) covered with patterned stainless
Page 82 and 83:
• Energy: the operational energy
Page 84 and 85:
4 LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY 4.1 Methodol
Page 86 and 87:
6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT B. Rossi is suppo
Page 89 and 90:
The potential use of Waste Tyre Fib
Page 91 and 92: Table 2: Geometric properties of th
Page 93 and 94: Table 3: Tensile Strength of shredd
Page 95 and 96: Figure 8: Compressive strength 28 d
Page 97 and 98: IFCC-2.0 IFCC-1.0 IFCC-1.5 Figure 1
Page 99 and 100: Figure 17: Toughness Index - Effect
Page 101: Laws of Malta. 2001. CAP 435 Enviro
Page 104 and 105: the future, the model will most lik
Page 106 and 107: for each of the potential solutions
Page 108 and 109: stavb. Magistrsko delo. Ljubljana,
Page 110 and 111: 1.2 UK Roadmap to Carbon Zero The U
Page 112 and 113: 1.5 Design Team Cabe, the governmen
Page 114 and 115: • Perceptions of End Users: Discu
Page 116 and 117: REFERENCES BAILEY L, TOLMIE-THOMSON
Page 118 and 119: to the production of the specific u
Page 120 and 121: Figure 1. Proposals of different de
Page 122 and 123: The sustainable development of tran
Page 124 and 125: 3.2 Bed Zed, UK Bed zed is a commun
Page 126 and 127: GWL these uses are separated while
Page 128 and 129: Energy consumption for heating, kWh
Page 130 and 131: Heat losses, MWh Heat losses, MWh t
Page 132 and 133: REFERENCES: Juodis, E. 2000. Energy
Page 134 and 135: Facades form the biggest part of th
Page 136 and 137: placed over the sun-path-diagram wi
Page 138 and 139: In the table, when the simulation p
Page 140 and 141: estimate the output of the panels i
Page 144 and 145: First (front) group (zone) Second (
Page 146 and 147: predicted, illustrated and listened
Page 148 and 149: Figure 13 Evaluation of receiver po
Page 150 and 151: 138
Page 152 and 153: 140
Page 154 and 155: 2 POSITIONING STRUCTURAL FLEXIBILIT
Page 156 and 157: Table 1: Building layers Envelope F
Page 158 and 159: Figure 5: The results of the survey
Page 160 and 161: 1 INTRODUCTION Bridges are importan
Page 162 and 163: 3 CONCLUSION This paper reviewed st
Page 164 and 165: tween this bridge and a reinforced
Page 166 and 167: The construction sequence assumed f
Page 168 and 169: Agency life cycle costs (present va
Page 170 and 171: Figure 3a: User’s life cycle cost
Page 172 and 173: Figure 5: system boundaries for the
Page 174 and 175: 162
Page 176 and 177: the construction of these bridges.
Page 178 and 179: Figure 2a „Flat-Pack‟ arch syst
Page 180 and 181: As far as analysis of the „FlexiA
Page 182 and 183: Figure 5 Initial/whole life cycle c
Page 184 and 185: FLIR Systems 13.9 °C FLIR Systems
Page 186 and 187: Figure 2: NPV of costs in 60 year b
Page 188 and 189: REFERENCES 1. ATTMA - The Air Tight
Page 190 and 191: 2 MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING ME
Page 192 and 193:
The results of pairwise comparisons
Page 194 and 195:
with C i* =1 if A i =A * . 3 APPLIC
Page 196 and 197:
Figure 4. Criteria taken into accou
Page 198 and 199:
As far as the problem of the constr
Page 200 and 201:
timber connection with appropriate
Page 202 and 203:
Numerical simulations of ash pegs t
Page 204 and 205:
192
Page 206 and 207:
a building this gives a prime excus
Page 208 and 209:
Lack of past investment in the main
Page 210 and 211:
2.3 Methodology The research will b
Page 212:
200
show all

Sustainable Construction A Life Cycle Approach in Engineering

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?