FM 17-98 SCOUT PLATOON

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70 mph 75 mph 100 mph 112.65 kmph 120.70 kmph 160.94 kmph SECTION 4 — FIELD EXPEDIENT ANTENNAS During the execution of the scout platoon’s missions, it is very likely that an antenna will be broken or damaged, resulting in a reduction or total loss of communications ability. This section covers how to repair broken or damaged antennas; it also provides instructions on how to construct replacement antennas that will allow the platoon to restore internal communications and to regain communications with the battalion task force or cavalry troop. ANTENNA TYPES Direction and distance are critical factors in determining what type of antenna to use based on the platoon’s communications requirements. Antennas are categorized in three basic types. This discussion explains how to construct each of these antennas, which have the following capabilities and limitations: • An omnidirectional antenna allows the operator to communicate in all directions. • A bidirectional antenna allows the operator to communicate in either of two directions. • A unidirectional antenna allows the operator to communicate in one direction. Omnidirectional antennas Vertical antennas are omnidirectional. A vertical antenna can be improvised by using a metal pipe or rod of the right length held erect by guide wires. The lower end of the antenna should be insulated from the ground by placing it on a large block of wood or other insulating material. A vertical antenna can also be a wire supported by a tree or wooden pole. To construct an omnidirectional antenna, use the quick reference chart in Table 9-3 to first determine the length of WD-1 wire needed. Attach an insulator to one end of the wire and insert the other end, once it has been stripped of all insulation, into the antenna connector on the radio. Secure the wire to the improvised mast and erect the mast. The radio can now transmit and receive. If a tree is used as the mast, tie a rope to the insulator end of the wire, throw the rope over a limb, and pull the insulator up until the wire is vertical. Table 9-3. Quick reference chart for omnidirectional antennas. Operating frequency (MHz) 30 32 34 36 38 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 68 72 76 Wire/element length 2.38 meters (7 feet 10 inches) 2.23 meters (7 feet 4 inches) 2.10 meters (6 feet 11 inches) 1.<strong>98</strong> meters (6 feet 6 inches) 1.87 meters (6 feet 2 inches) 1.78 meters (5 feet 10 inches) 1.66 meters (5 feet 5 inches) 1.55 meters (5 feet 1 inch) 1.46 meters (4 feet 9 inches) 1.37 meters (4 feet 6 inches) 1.30 meters (4 feet 3 inches) 1.23 meters (4 feet 0 inches) .<strong>17</strong> meters (3 feet 10 inches) 1.12 meters (3 feet 8 inches) 1.05 meters (3 feet 5 inches) .99 meters (3 feet 3 inches) .94 meters (3 feet 1 inch) If insulated wire is used, be sure to loop the wire around the handle of the radio before attaching it to the antenna connector. If the antenna is made of bare wire, use a stake and insulator to keep the antenna wire from pulling out of
the antenna connector on the radio. Bidirectional antennas Bidirectional antennas will normally be used as field expedient retransmission stations. The electrical length of the antenna is measured from the antenna terminal on the radio set to the far end of the antenna. The best performance can be obtained by making the antenna longer than necessary and then shortening it, as required, until the best results are obtained. For this antenna to function efficiently, the ground terminal of the radio set should be connected to a good earth ground. A 100-foot-long wire antenna will work when the radio is operating in the 30 to 80 MHz frequency range. For high-frequency operation, the antenna wire must be longer. This antenna will improve the range of the radio in the direction the wire is stretched. To construct a bidirectional antenna, first erect a pole or select a tree in line with the desired direction of communications. The antenna should be at least 20 feet high. If a tree is used, ensure that the wire does not come in contact with any of the branches. Tie a rope to the pole or tree. While holding the other end of the antenna wire, pace off 100 feet in the direction in which you want to communicate. Tie an insulator to the end of the wire. Now prepare a mast or pole for the second support. To make a pulley, tie a length of WD-1 wire or nylon rope to the top of the mast. Put a rope or wire halyard through the loop and attach it to the other side of the insulator. Leave enough rope to pull the antenna up once the mast is erected. Attach 25 feet of WD-1 wire to the antenna side of the insulator. Make a good electrical connection because this is the antenna lead-in. Put up the second support about 6 feet beyond the end of the 100-foot antenna. This will allow for insulators at each end. Pull up the halyard until the antenna is level and tie the end to the supporting pole. Connect the WD-1 wire leadins to the radio, which is now ready for operation. Unidirectional antennas Dismounted patrols and units of company size and below can greatly improve communications by using fieldexpedient unidirectional antennas. Such antennas allow them to broadcast farther and receive more clearly. The V- antenna is the easiest antenna of this type to construct. It consists of two wires that form a V, with the open end pointing to the desired direction of transmission/reception. To construct a V-antenna, first select a mast that is about 10 feet in length. Cut a section of WD-1 wire that is the correct length for the selected operating frequency; secure one end to the connecting plug on the radio. Holding the center of the wire, secure it to the main mast, wrapping it around the top of the mast several times. Take the two ends and secure them to two separate masts, forming a V shape, or secure them to the ground diagonally to form the V. Attach an insulator to both ends of the wire, about 2 feet from the end of each. Ground the radio by wrapping a length of WD-1 wire around the radio handle and grounding it to a stake in the ground. REPAIR TECHNIQUES Whip antennas The following paragraphs cover procedures for repairing two types of whip antennas. These procedures will allow the vehicle crew to regain communications until a replacement antenna can be obtained. Metallic antennas. To repair a broken metallic antenna, first scrape the paint three to six inches off the ends of the broken sections; this can be accomplished using sand, rocks, metal, or a knife. Be sure to remove as much paint as possible. Once the paint has been removed, overlay the cleaned ends of the antenna and wrap them tightly together using 12 to 15 inches of copper wire or stripped WD-1 wire. Place a dry stick, MRE spoon, or some other stiff support on each side of the splice and secure this with tape, WD-1 wire, or whatever is available. Fiberglass antennas. To repair a fiberglass whip antenna, measure a 5-foot length of coaxial cable. Strip the rubber sleeve from the cable, and separate the braided shield from the center conductor. Lash a dry, 10-foot pole to the antenna base. Tape the center conductor to the top of the pole and the braided shield to the bottom. Tape the stripped
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FIELD MANUAL No. 17-98 *FM 17-98 He
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Preface On the ever-changing landsc
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Figure 1-2. HMMWV scout platoon. VE
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Figure 1-4. CFV scout platoon two-s
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Eight-squad organization Figure 1-8
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general have capabilities and limit
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Figure 1-11. HMMWV characteristics.
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tactical and operational considerat
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• Models that depict the enemy’
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Figure 2-4. Example decision suppor
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Figure 2-6. Example R&S tasking mat
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The military decision-making proces
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Step 1 - Receive and analyze the mi
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• Where is the key terrain • Ho
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After the platoon leader has analyz
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leaders have issued their orders, t
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different colors for friendly and e
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Figure 2-11A. Optimizing battle spa
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Figure 2-12. Route chart for compas
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these means of communication must b
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Administrative/logistics. The scout
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• Use a brevity code that reduces
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The scout platoon’s scheme of man
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Figure 3-1. Area reconnaissance usi
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Converging routes method. The patro
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signatures of the vehicle and the l
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In each type of organization, the g
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EXAMPLE OF A ROUTE RECONNAISSANCE F
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Figure 3-8D. Route reconnaissance (
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Figure 3-8H. Route reconnaissance (
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oundaries, an LD, and an LOA or obj
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Figure 3-9D. Zone reconnaissance (c
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Figure 3-9H. Zone reconnaissance (c
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leader feels there may be enemy for
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Figure 3-10D. Area reconnaissance (
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Figure 3-10H. Area reconnaissance (
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troop-leading process (normally a m
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Recommending/executing a course of
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Figure 3-11D. Reconnaissance of a r
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Figure 3-12B. Reconnaissance of an
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Figure 3-12F. Reconnaissance of an
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Figure 3-13A. Infiltration scheme o
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Planning and coordination Figure 3-
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defensive operations, forcing it to
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CHAPTER 4 Security Operations In se
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Scouts maintain surveillance from a
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Redundancy. The platoon leader may
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most appropriate role for the scout
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ecause the scouts must move to the
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Figure 4-9b. Repositioning OPs in d
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Figure 4-10. Scout and tank team co
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With his troop commander’s guidan
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eposition to BP A5. The tank platoo
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A. OP J maintains contact with the
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Figure 4-21. Cavalry scout platoon
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Figure 4-24A. Convoy escort actioni
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Figure 4-25C. Escort breaking conta
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The following actions should be tak
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CHAPTER 5 Other Tactical Operations
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ACTIONS IN THE ASSEMBLY AREA As soo
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Checkpoints on a route are used for
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SECTION 3 — BATTLE HANDOVER AND P
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movement, movement formation, and e
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stationary unit is responsible for
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CHAPTER 6 Combat Support The scout
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• Scatterable mines. These includ
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Figure 6-2. Scouts requesting fire
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The scout platoon leader must be pr
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Figure 6-8. Attack helicopter batta
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movement. In addition, the air cava
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The first action in the handoff pro
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SECTION 3 — COMBAT ENGINEERS Brig
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Although passive measures are the f
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Figure 6-17. Stinger air defense sy
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sight range of 10,000 meters agains
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Whatever support the scout platoon
Page 153 and 154: should conduct resupply during miss
Page 155 and 156: of inspecting, testing, servicing,
Page 157 and 158: When a vehicle must be evacuated, t
Page 159 and 160: SECTION 5 — PRISONERS EPWs are ex
Page 161 and 162: CHAPTER 8 Basic Scout Skills Scouts
Page 163 and 164: This type of local security task is
Page 165 and 166: • Unobstructed observation of the
Page 167 and 168: is located with his vehicle in the
Page 169 and 170: Figure 8-7. Sample format and infor
Page 171 and 172: In this position, the vehicle comma
Page 173 and 174: Figure 8-13. Platoon column formati
Page 175 and 176: Figure 8-17. Section vee and wedge
Page 177 and 178: BOUNDING OVERWATCH Bounding overwat
Page 179 and 180: Figure 8-23. Mounted crest drill. D
Page 181 and 182: most vulnerable in wooded areas whe
Page 183 and 184: The scouts that are not in contact
Page 185 and 186: Maintain contact to support a hasty
Page 187 and 188: section/squad leader simply informs
Page 189 and 190: Deviation spotting As applied to de
Page 191 and 192: Figure 8-27. Bracketing Bracketing
Page 193 and 194: CHAPTER 9 Miscellaneous Field Data
Page 195 and 196: Figure 9-1. Reconnaissance overlay
Page 197 and 198: Figure 9-1. Reconnaissance overlay
Page 199 and 200: Figure 9-2. Example of overlay grap
Page 201 and 202: • Stretching a string or measurin
Page 203: 7 inches = 17.78 centimeters 8 inch
Page 207 and 208: FOOD AND WATER Water collection Wit
Page 209 and 210: Figure 9-7. Enemy weapons, vehicles
Page 223 and 224: higher commander’s intent. The sc
Page 225 and 226: • Linkup time and location. • P
Page 227 and 228: APPENDIX B Nuclear, Biological, and
Page 229 and 230: Equipment MOPP level MOPP READY MOP
Page 231 and 232: Give the alarm. Have all unmasked s
Page 233 and 234: Figure B-1. NBC marking devices. UN
Page 235 and 236: contamination remains, so periodic
Page 237 and 238: movement in the direction of the co
Page 239 and 240: • Once the wing vehicles reach th
Page 241 and 242: APPENDIX C Stability and Support Op
Page 243 and 244: activities. Examples of these are l
Page 245 and 246: Because of the unique requirements
Page 247 and 248: US military forces may be tasked fo
Page 249 and 250: excellent hasty roadblocks because
Page 251 and 252: Figure C-5. Deliberate checkpoint o
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Photographic filter Instant cameras
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• Contact your checkpoint command
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Figure C-14. Ankle-to-ankle positio
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CORDON AND SEARCH OPERATIONS When i
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the armored unit’s mobility, prot
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APPENDIX D Military Operations on U
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The friendly commander should try t
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• It is vulnerable to enemy infan
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Figure D-3. Gaining a foothold in M
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Figure D-5. CFV provides support as
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Figure E-1. Figure E-1. Environment
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APPENDIX F Risk Management Risk is
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Moderate (M) Low (L) Expected degra
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• Thoroughly brief all aspects of
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APPENDIX G Fratricide Prevention Fr
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Lapses in individual discipline can
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target identification before they i
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Glossary A AA AAR ABF ACE ACR ADA A
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div DP DPICM DS DST DTD division de
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I J k ICM ID IEDK IFF IFSAS IPB IR
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NCO NCOIC NCS NEO NGO NLT NOD nonco
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RISTA ROE ROI ROUTEREP RP RSI rte R
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TTP tactics, techniques, and proced
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ARTEP 17-237-10-MTP Mission Trainin
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FM 17-98 SCOUT PLATOON

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