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In the case of Opaque-2 populations, ear rots and diseases have been found to cause greater damage than in hard endosperm corn. This greater susceptibility of Opaque-2 maize may be due to the differential amino acid balance available as a substrate for fungus growth, or simply as a result of the soft starch texture. The specific reasons for increased rots are not clear. Data must be obtained to c1arify the possibility of detrimental toxin accumulations in grains attacked by microorganisms. As kernels with harder endosperm are developed, chemical and biological tests will be conducted to insure increased lysine content accompanied by high nutritional value. <strong>Search</strong> for New Mutant Modifiers of Protein Quality Mutants in maize, other than Opaque-2 and Floury-2, which can influence protein quantity and quality have been investigated by <strong>CIMMYT</strong>'s program since 1968. The studies were facilitated by the rapid colorimetric method which allows analysis for tryptophan on a single kernel basis, with analyzed seeds suitable for planting. In 1968, 8, families in 19 populations were developed and analyzed for protein and tryptophan content on a 10 kernel sample basis These populations are listed in Table 1. The TABLE 1. Maize populations trom which S, families were evaluated for Thryptophan during 1969. Identity No. of f~milies (~~) Protein An~lyzed Bolita 38 8.81-14.94 .34- .58 .035-.056 Caeahuacintle 52' 7.44-14.63 .37-. 65 .040-.070 Celaya." 300 8.38-15.50 .23- .52 .027-.059 Comiteeo 30' 8.94-15.11 .34- .61 .043-.066 Conieo 43' 10.50-17.06 .34- .58 .043-.071 Chapalate 30' 12.63-18.63 .26- .43 .042-.060 Puebla Gr. IA 200' 7.31-15.75 .25-.70 Harinoso de oeho 44' 9.62-15.81 .27- .55 .028·.079 Nal Tel 53 11.00-18.56 .30- .60 .039-.060 Mail Dulce 88' 9.06-18.38 .30- .58 .039-.082 Pepltill. 117' 8.13-16.25 .26- .66 .039·.078 Pinto Salvatori Reventador Tabloncillo Camp. E. Caribbean Camp. Salvadoreno Santa Catalina Cipa (S2S) 102' 7.31-14.31 .36· .80 ( 52S) 37 9.63-16.38 .25- .43 51' 10.00-14.00 .30- .51 83' 9.00-17.50 .36- .58 501 6.25-13.63 .23- .68 300 8.13.13.63 .25- .68 302 3.50-11.63 .31-1.41 38 7.44·15.94 .29- .55 • Source of pot.nti~1 new high lysine mutants. ( ~~ ) Tryptoph~n in Protein S~mpl. .034-.074 .033-.062 .039-.053 .043-.093 .024-.056 .031·.056 After field select,on, the chemical analysis to determine protein quality is performed on an individual kernel basis. 16
populations that seem to be a source of potential new high lysine mutants are shown with asterisks. 50me of these populations need to be sampled more adequately. The prom'ising 51 families have been regrown to produce 52 ears for studying genetic segregations. 50me of the 51 families which warranted further study are given in Table 2. Promising 52 families along with their protein and tryptophan values are listed in Table 3. 51 families also were developed in some Mexican racial crosses (Table 4); their protein values ranged from 6.1 to 14.3 percent. Tryptophan content in the protein was low in general, ranging from 0.3 to 0.6 percent with a few exceptions shown in Table 2. TABLE 2. Promising families selected for further study in search for high protein quality mutants. Identity Harinoso de ocho Harinoso de ocho Malz Dulce Malz Dulce Malz Dulce TablcIPcillo Comiteco Pinto Salvatori Pinto Salvatori Pinto Salvatori Pinto Salvatori Pinto Salvatori Pinto Salvatori Pinto Salvatori Pinto Salvatori Pinto Salvatori Chapalote Harinoso de ocho Harinoso de ocho Malz Dulce Malz Dulce Malz Dulce Malz Dulce Tehua x Malz Dulce C6nico Nortefio Composite E Composite E Composite E Composite E Composite E Composite E Composite E Composite E Cacahuacintle S, Desig- % nation Protein 4 23 6 7 18 23 132 228 243 255 a 269 326 339 a 365 a 373 a 30 15 30 28 4 20 7 3331 33 189 5 58 239 202 248 114 232 42 14.12 14.81 13.75 12.88 12.94 11.25 12.50 9.50 11.69 13.50 12.63 12.25 8.38 12.56 11.81 9.00 15.88 12.50 15.81 15.06 15.56 13.63 9.25 12.38 10.88 12.88 9.00 10.00 13.00 15.13 13.00 11.25 16.25 10.44 % Tryptophan in in Protein Sample .48 .42 .50 .50 .57 .52 .61 .73 .56 .55 .52 .51 .67 .54 .57 .80 .43 .54 .50 .44 .53 .54 .58 .60 .58 .56 .60 .56 .50 .48 .60 .58 .57 .60 .068 .062 .069 .065 .074 .058 .076 .069 .066 .074 .066 .062 .056 .068 .067 .072 .068 .067 .079 .067 .082 .074 .054 .075 .063 .072 .054 .056 .065 .072 .078 .065 .093 .063 TABLE 3. 50me promlsmg 52 families investigated by individual kernel analysis in population/ population crosses during the year 1969. Identity Pepitilla Guerrero 50 Olotillo Salvadoreno Identity Tehua x C6nico Norteno Jala x Celaya Comiteco x Herinoso de ocho Malz Dulce x Hari· noso de ochO Celaya x Harinoso de ocho Celaya x Malz Dulce Jala x Harinoso de ocho Pepitilla x Harinoso de ocho Celaya x Comiteco Tehua x Maiz Dulce Comiteco x Pepitilla Puebla Gr. I bra bra Celaya x Puebla Gr. I Line Designation P, -4 P4 ·5 P7 ·3 P8 -9 PII ·1 PII -2 P"..·5 P",·6 P"..9 P",·2 P",·3 P",·4 P,...4 P17·1 5090·88·4 5090·88·8 278·8 278·9 No. of Families Analyzed 12 9 11 13 10 16 13 13 6 23 14 14 145 % Protein 12.63 13.13 12.00 14.25 10.56 9.81 12.31 13.25 10.50 14.94 16.13 13.38 10.88 11.25 12.06 14.19 15.44 13.81 (%) Protein 9.31·11.50 8.88·12.25 % Tryptophan in In Protein Sample .55 .49 .57 .48 .61 .66 .54 .59 .62 .56 .48 .54 .61 .56 .50 .47 .46 .47 .34·.46 .32·.44 .35·.44 .069 .064 .068 .068 .064 .065 .067 .078 .065 .083 .077 .072 .067 .063 .060 .067 .072 .065 TABLE 4. Racial crosses from which 51 families were evaluated for tryptophan during the year 1969. ( % ) Tryptophan in Protein Sample .035·.049 .032-.041 8.00·13.25 .29·.48 .031·.043 9.81·12.75 .31·.51 .034·.058 7.06·14.31 7.50·11.56 8.50·11.38 8.25·11.88 10.50·11.75 6.12·12.38 9.13·12.88 7.75·11.69 7.50·13.50 .31·.48 .034·.044 .31-.48' .030·.045 .32·.44 .31·.40 .35·.61 .31·.45 .35-.46 .31·.57 .039·.046 .031·.045 .034·.046 .026•.075 .034•.047 .032-.048 .030-.062 17
Page 1 and 2: REPORT ON PROGRESS TOWARD INCREASIN
Page 3 and 4: Contents Page INDEX Page INDEX 3 BO
Page 5 and 6: Board of Directors JUAN GIL PRECIAD
Page 7 and 8: WHEAT HEADQUARTERS STAFF NORMAN E.
Page 9 and 10: Introduction Throughout the develop
Page 11 and 12: sistance, ~etc. is obtained in one
Page 13: Puebla can be readily transferred a
Page 16 and 17: In support of these global efforts.
Page 20 and 21: High Protein Quality Mutants from P
Page 22 and 23: Quantitative Approach in Improving
Page 24 and 25: BREEDING In CIMMYT's maize breeding
Page 26 and 27: To generate a maize population of m
Page 28 and 29: During the past year, grain-to-stov
Page 30 and 31: Based on one year's data, the corre
Page 32 and 33: A Comparisonof of Two Methods of of
Page 34 and 35: With the same purpose in mind, 35 S
Page 36 and 37: Two rates of N (80 and 160 kgsjha)
Page 38 and 39: TABLE 20. Incidence of stunt diseas
Page 40 and 41: ENTOMOLOGY Stem Borer Resistance An
Page 42 and 43: TABLE 23. Percent mortality of Sito
Page 44 and 45: Optimum Sample Size for Determining
Page 46 and 47: the workshop were to: review work d
Page 48 and 49: A project was initiated in 1968 to
Page 50 and 51: station produced seed of synthetics
Page 52 and 53: crossed to 250 elite varietal colle
Page 55 and 56: WHEAT 57 MEXICO: The Joint CIMMYT·
Page 57 and 58: duced under very unfavorable weathe
Page 59 and 60: for research on spring wheat improv
Page 61 and 62: inary yield tests and were given th
Page 63 and 64: est climate and locations for ident
Page 65 and 66: TABLE W5. Grain yields of ten of th
Page 67 and 68: sound scientific approach, incorpor
Page 69 and 70:
TABLE W8. Lines from the Bread Whea
Page 71 and 72:
TABLE W10. Seedling and adult plant
Page 73 and 74:
Nematode Damage on Wheat For the pa
Page 75 and 76:
!las been done by Dr. Mario Vela of
Page 77 and 78:
~~-----~ tein. The protein ranged f
Page 79 and 80:
Cultural Practices: Special attenti
Page 81 and 82:
grain is highly undesirable and pro
Page 83 and 84:
21 20 " " VHrl ,. ,, . :'. . i ,.."
Page 85 and 86:
HA'UR HAPUR MARlEr MARrET WUA'l'PII
Page 87 and 88:
market for consumer goods. How much
Page 89 and 90:
ern Rajasthan. At 20% urea concentr
Page 91 and 92:
and other governmental and semi-gov
Page 93 and 94:
the Effect of Tube Well Development
Page 95 and 96:
The Need for Continued Teamwork One
Page 97 and 98:
of ofboth both breadand and durum w
Page 99 and 100:
evaluation on Septaria resistance.
Page 101 and 102:
A cost benefit ratio of 2.9 to 1 is
Page 103 and 104:
denser stands resulting from improv
Page 105 and 106:
seed needs for next year and for po
Page 107 and 108:
TABLE W22. Effect ·of different ra
Page 109 and 110:
TABLE W24. The Highest Yielding Lin
Page 111 and 112:
to dwarfs, cover about 20 percent o
Page 113 and 114:
which removed the leaves during the
Page 115:
the milk stage of development. It i
Page 118 and 119:
PROMOTION OF ACCELERATED MAIZE PROD
Page 120 and 121:
nitrogen applied in the usual manne
Page 122 and 123:
pIing dates. Nitrogen fertilization
Page 124 and 125:
Averaged over the 7 rates of nitrog
Page 126 and 127:
Response of Triticales to Nitrogen
Page 128 and 129:
problem is due to aluminum toxicity
Page 130 and 131:
five percent and one percent as sto
Page 133 and 134:
COMMUNICATIONS INTRODUCTION Page IN
Page 135 and 136:
TABLE C1. USA MEXICO and CANADA CEN
Page 137 and 138:
A third film on the Puebla Project
Page 139:
SOURCES OF SUPPORT FOR 1970 GENERAL
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