1 Spatial Modelling of the Terrestrial Environment - Georeferencial

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218 Spatial Modelling of the Terrestrial Environment 0 (a) Built–form packing 26 0 38 (b) Built–form density Figure 10.9 Representations of built-form packing (a) and density (b) for the constellations identified from Figure 10.5. Built-form packing is computed from the number of BUILT nodes (regions) per hectare, while built-form density is given by 100 × built area constellation area the packing (Figure 10.9a) and density (Figure 10.9b) of built-form units is combined, it may only be possible to distinguish reasonably unambiguously the hospital complex from the other constellations within the scene. A finer typological stratification of residential type on the basis of these structural properties alone is likely to be highly problematic.
Characterizing Land Use in Urban Systems via Built-Form Connectivity Models 219 10.5.2 Built-Form Unit Area Figures 10.10a and b show three clear patterns in the statistical distribution of the area of each of the built-form units located within the constellations identified in Figure 10.5. First, the built-form units in the constellation covering the hospital complex have a large mean area (608.3 m 2 ), while those in the remaining constellations (mostly residential districts) tend to have a much smaller mean area (≈135.0 m 2 ). The spatially extensive constellation in the centre of the scene is an exception to this general rule, having a mean area of built-form units that lies somewhere between the two. We note, however, that this constellation contains several different land-use types (see Figure 10.5). As a result, it also has a relatively large SD in terms of the area of its constituent built-form units (Figure 10.10b). More generally, Figure 10.10b suggests that most of the constellations exhibit very limited variation in terms of the area of their constituent built-form units, although, once again, the hospital complex is the most notable exception to this general rule. Figure 10.10c indicates that very few of the constellations in this scene exhibit either strong positive or strong negative spatial autocorrelation (i.e., spatial clustering or spatial dispersion, respectively) in terms of built-form unit area. Indeed, the values of Moran’s I typically lie between 0.28 and −0.36, with an overall mean and SD of 0.03 and 0.05, respectively. Thus, the majority of constellations exhibit a random spatial distribution in terms of the areas of their constituent built-form units, with only 12 exhibiting significant spatial autocorrelation (i.e., spatial clustering; Figure 10.10d). This is a somewhat surprising result, since one might have expected to find similar-sized buildings located close to one another in, for example, a residential development of a given age. This does not, however, appear to be the case. There are two possible reasons for this: the first is that Moran’s I is an unsuitable measure in this context, although we have no direct evidence either way to evaluate this; the second is that some of the constellations contain a mixture of two or more land-use categories evaluated in this study, which alters the statistics for the constellation as a whole. The latter is a more fundamental issue, since the implicit assumption is that each constellation represents a single, discrete land-use type. Referring back to Figure 10.5, there is some evidence to indicate that this may be the cause of the problem. Unfortunately, as a consequence, there does not appear to be a clear and unambiguous relationship between the spatial autocorrelation of built-form unit area within individual constellations and land use at the level of categorization employed in this study; although this does not imply that there is no relationship at another level of categorization (e.g. residential versus commercial/industrial). 10.5.3 Built-Form Unit Compactness The compactness of built-form units within individual constellations is illustrated in Figure 10.11. These follow a similar patterns to those of built-form unit area (Figure 10.10). Thus, in constellations where the built-form units have a large mean area, they also exhibit a large mean value for compactness: in other words, the built-form units tend to have a more complex, irregular morphology. Once again, the hospital complex has both the highest mean and SD in terms of the compactness of its constituent built-form units, while the residential constellations generally exhibit much lower mean and SD values.
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Spatial Modelling of the Terrestria
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Copyright C○ 2004 John Wiley & So
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Contents List of Contributors Prefa
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Contributors Jonathan L. Bamber Sch
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List of Contributors xi George Perr
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xiv Preface in theory and applicati
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2 Spatial Modelling of the Terrestr
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Editorial: Spatial Modelling in Hyd
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Editorial: Spatial Modelling in Hyd
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2 Modelling Ice Sheet Dynamics with
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Modelling Ice Sheet Dynamics by Sat
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36 Spatial Modelling of the Terrest
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4 Using Coupled Land Surface and Mi
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Coupled Land Surface and Microwave
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100 Spatial Modelling of the Terres
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Editorial: Terrestrial Sediment and
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Editorial: Terrestrial Sediment and
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6 Remotely Sensed Topographic Data
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Remotely Sensed Topographic Data fo
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7 Modelling Wind Erosion and Dust E
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Modelling Wind Erosion and Dust Emi
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8 Near Real-Time Modelling of Regio
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Near Real-Time Modelling of Regiona
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Page 174 and 175: Near Real-Time Modelling of Regiona
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Page 232 and 233: 11 Modelling the Impact of Traffic
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Page 248 and 249: PART IV CURRENT CHALLENGES AND FUTU
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270 Index floodplain maps, UK 92 fl
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272 Index Long-Term Ecological Rese
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276 Index urban land use in remotel
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1 Spatial Modelling of the Terrestrial Environment - Georeferencial

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