1 Spatial Modelling of the Terrestrial Environment - Georeferencial

270 Index
floodplain maps, UK 92
flow velocity 85
form drag 86–7
friction data, spatially distributed 94–5
benchmark validation dataset 94–5
friction, in hydraulic models 86–92
skin friction for in-channel flows 87
vegetation biophysical attributes 88–92
vegetation classification 87–8
gauging stations, national spacing defined by flood
warning role 81–2
Geosat 17
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites
(GOES:US)
GOES Precipitation Index (GPI) 162
remotely sensed FRE from 191, 192
GEWEX Global Soil Wetness Project 251
GIS 3, 4, 264
integrated, and policy measures 241–2
and remote sensing, in fire modelling 112
see also SHIRE 2000 GIS
Glen’s flow law 15, 20
and diagnostic velocities 26
Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS), weather
forecast model 251
GOES Precipitation Index (GPI) 162
gravitational driving force, and ice sheet dynamics
14–15, 30
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)
253–4
Greenland Ice Sheet 14, 20–1, 31
balance velocities calculated for grounded portion
26
DEMs for 16, 21, 22, 31–2
InSAR-derived, north-east Greenland ice stream
24
ice divides 23–5, 25
uncertainty in mass budget 13
heat yield parameter 180, 181
Helsinki University of Technology (HUT) snow
emission model 51–2, 51, 52
hydraulic model calibration and validation, practical
consequences for flood envelope estimation
and flood risk maps 80–1
hydraulic modellers, predictive uncertainty a
significant problem 80
hydraulic models
friction 86–7
integration of spatial data with 92–100, 101
inundation extent 82
physically-based parameterization using LiDAR
data 94, 95
of reach scale flood inundation 81–2
parameterization 86
of friction 94
trials against consistent inundation datasets 96
use of LiDAR and airborne stereo-photogrammetry
for automated broad-area mapping 86
hydraulic resistance 79–80
a lumped term 86
hydrological cycle fluxes 246
hydrological models, attempt to represent explicitly
mass or energy transfers 10
hydrology
land surface modelling at large regional scales
5–6
spatial modelling in 9–12
models constantly evolving 10
physically-based models 9
HYDROS (HYDROspheric States Mission) (NASA)
66, 71, 73
ice deformation 27
ice divides 23–4
for Greenland and Antarctica 24–5, 25
ice flow models 11
ice mass geometry 20
ice sheet dynamics
derived datasets 23–6
fast-flow features
ice sheet interior 26
mechanisms 20, 27
force-budget approach 30
numerical models 19–21
relationship between thickness and rheology 15,
30
thermo-mechanical models, in situ rheology of the
ice 28, 30
validation of models 26–30
Greenland Ice Sheet, balance velocities cf.
diagnostic velocities 26–9
representation of thermodynamics 28–9
isothermal cases 27–8
limitations in model resolution 29
shallow ice approximation 29
use of accurate surface DEMs for 30, 31
ice sheet models 19–21
key feedbacks 20
ice sheet topography 4, 31
derived from satellite radar altimetry 16–18
from InSAR 18–19, 19, 22–3, 24
from SRA 21–2
parameterization in numerical modelling 14–15
ice sheets
impacts on the climate system 13–14
surface profile, dependence on ice rheology 30
thickness of 15
iceberg fluxes 25–6